Background: Low women's awareness of their health during the menopausal period is creating a global hidden problem that affects women's quality of life and their related families and communities. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find changes in the menopausal age after wartime conflict and assess women's knowledge of their health during this critical period. A mixed-method design was adopted. A mixed approach of a multistage cross-sectional study with a sample of 382 women aged ≥ 60 years attending primary health care centers in Mosul, Iraq, was included, supported by private in-depth qualitative interviews with 14 women. Proper statistical analysis was conducted. The findings show the mean menopause age among participants was 48.28 ± 5.33 years; early and late menopause were detected in 6.3% and 29.3%, respectively. The analysis of the age of menopause dependent variable by different independent variables using multiple linear regression shows a significant decrease in the age of menopause among those nulliparous or single women, smokers, subject to stress, and living in middle or low economic status, p-value is < 0.05. Higher parity, higher education, and rural or suburban residence significantly increase the age of menopause among women in a variable range. The majority of women (75.1%) possessed poor knowledge about how to manage their symptoms during menopause, which was simultaneously consolidated by their qualitative expressions. The study indicates that a higher percentage of women experiencing menopause at an unusual age could be a post-conflict effect. This, accompanied by gab of knowledge regarding how to alleviate menopausal symptoms, indicates serious health deterioration which calls for community-based educational programs directed at community strata involved, including health policymakers.
Background: Pneumonia is an inflammatory process affecting the airways and lung parenchyma, characterized by alveolar inflammation that leads to infiltration and consolidation of the lungs and disruption of gas exchange, which may result in respiratory distress. Objectives: This study aims to identify the bacterial species that cause pneumonia and to determine their antibiotic resistance patterns. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study assessed antibiotic resistance among patients with pneumonia in Diyala Province. Patients were identified from hospital and laboratory records over a four-month period (December 1st, 2024 - March 29th, 2025), yielding 100 patients, comprising 55 males and 45 females. Results: The study population comprised 55% male and 45% female patients. The age distribution showed that most patients were 36 to 75 years old, with the 66-75 age group representing the largest group at nearly 20%. The 36-45 and 46-55 age groups each accounted for more than 15% of patients. Younger patients (under 16 years) and older patients (76-85 years) were the smallest groups, each with percentages under 5%. It was demonstrated that Streptococcus pneumoniae accounted for the highest proportion of pneumonia cases. Regarding bacterial resistance, Pseudomonas luteola showed significant resistance to ciprofloxacin (75%) and chloramphenicol (75%), while Streptococcus pneumoniae showed high resistance to azithromycin and erythromycin (87.5%). Conclusion: Considerable variation in antibiotic resistance patterns among bacterial species. Seventy-five percent of the high resistance of Pseudomonas luteola to ciprofloxacin and chloramphenicol was shown in this study. In addition, it has been shown that Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of pneumonia and warrants further study to elucidate the factors that influence the spread of this infection.
The physiological functions of prolactin are highly varied, despite the fact that it is most commonly recognized for its participation in the inhibition of reproduction and the regulation of breastfeeding. The conditions known as hyperprolactinemia can have a variety of origins, some of which are physiological and others of which are pathologic. The following are examples of physiological causes: pregnancy, breastfeeding, sleep-related, stimulation of the nipples and sexual orgasm, stimulation or trauma to the chest wall. Another significant physiological factor that contributes to hyperprolactinemia is stress, and the clinical importance of this factor is currently being investigated. This paper aims to elucidate the physiology of prolactin, the influence of stress on its secretion, and the overarching clinical strategy for managing hyperprolactinemia.
Background: Pharmacovigilance is critical for approving medication safety; yet, underreporting of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) remains common. Objectives: This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare professionals in Karbala and Babylon, Iraq, using a structured paper-based questionnaire. Materials and Methods: This study utilized healthcare professionals in Holy Karbala and Babylon to explore their demographic profiles, pharmacovigilance knowledge, attitudes, and reporting practices. Results: Among 194 participants, most demonstrated positive attitudes toward ADR reporting, but notable gaps in knowledge and reporting behavior were observed. Pharmacists showed significantly higher knowledge levels than other professions, and formal training was strongly associated with improved understanding and a greater willingness to report. Major barriers included insufficient training, a lack of reporting systems, and limited institutional feedback. Participants emphasized the need for educational programs and better integration of reporting tools. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of strengthening training and system support to enhance pharmacovigilance practices.
Background: Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent and remitting inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Anti-inflammatory cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β ) are part of the pathophysiology of UC; these cytokines set off a specific immune response. Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) reported occurrence differs from 14% to 47%, and accounts for the majority of related conditions in UC. This study aims to find the correlation of ulcerative colitis with TGF-β , ABO blood group and EIMs. Objectives: To determine the serum level of TGF-β in both groups by sandwich ELISA, determine blood group by agglutination slide method, identify extra intestinal manifestation in UC patients. Methods: enzyme linked immune-sorbent assay was used to assessment serum levels of TGF-β in compliance with the manufacturer's instructions. Agglutination slide method used to detect ABO and rhesus (Rh) group. Results: non-significant difference in apparently healthy individual compared to UC patients regarding to occupation, smoking, blood group and Rh group as P-value for them was >0.05. UC patients exhibited significant lower concentration mean TGF-β (31.57 ± 23.86 pg/ml) compared to control group (42.93 ± 25.35 pg/ml) (P-value = 0.02). Conclusion: The findings indicate a decreased serum concentration of TGF-β in UC patient compared to seeming healthy individual with no significant link to clinical symptoms or ABO blood group. These results suggest that TGF-β play role in the pathogenesis of UC independent of clinical presentation or blood type.
Background: Most parasites impose some level of damage to their hosts. Factors such as the number of parasites, the site of infection, the size and mobility of the parasite, along with the host's physiological condition and whether it serves as an intermediate or final host, affect the severity of infections in both humans and animals. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica infection in children under the influence of some risk factors. Materials and Methods: A total of 1213 stool samples were collected from children attending Maysan Pediatric and Maternity Hospital in Amarah City, Maysan Governorate, southern Iraq. Microscopy examination examined the samples for cysts and trophozoites of E.histolytica. Month, sex, and stage of infection were among several factors taken into account. Results: E. histolytica infection was generally reported as 12.0%. Infection was somewhat more prevalent in males (6.3%, n=76), and females (5.8%, n=70), with no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Infection was significantly associated with the month of the year (P < 0.05); May had the highest incidence (3.5%, n=43) and January had the lowest incidence (1.4%, n=17). There was also a statistically significant correlation between infection and the diagnostic stages (cyst, trophozoite, combined). In brief, we found that frequency of infection 12.0%. The infection was rather higher in males than in females and may be due to behavioral factors. Conclusion: Infection by E. histolytica in children in Amarah City does not differ from other studies in Iraq generally. The current study found that infection in children was higher in males than in females, and this agrees with numerous studies stating that males are more exposed to infection than females due to behavioral factors.
Regenerative medicine is a very active topic in medicine. Regenerative medicine is entails the utilization of cells available in our body called stem cells in reaching to the root causes of the diseases rather than treatment of the symptoms of the disease. The advantage of using one's own body cells is to prevent not to consider the stem cells as a heterograft, which are rejected by the immune system of the body. The pericytes possess all the features to be nominated as the main cells in our body to be utilized as stem cells. The pericytes have been considered pleuripotential stem cells due to their ability to differentiate into many types of cells which are of mesenchymal origin. Thus, pericytes have a therapeutic target to cure many pathological conditions, or at least, diminish the severity of diseases. They have been clinically practiced in conditions like dental caries, periodontitis, dental implantology, wound healing, diabetic retinopathy, coronary heart disease, and liver cirrhosis. In the next thirty to fourty years the world will see the eruption of the dawn of a new era in medicine, utilizing the fascinating multidisciplinary functions pericyte as potent cells in regenerative medicine.
Background: Type-1 diabetes (T1D) is one of the most prevalent chronic autoimmune diseases, which is characterized by the progressive destruction of insulin-secreting β cells. Evidence indicates that repeated or high-dose exposure to Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents (GBCAs) during MRI can result in long-term tissue deposition and increased oxidative stress. Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the oxidative effects of MRI exposure in patients with type-1 diabetes, before and after gadolinium contrast, for different time intervals, using cyclic voltammetry (CV) as an electrochemical analysis tool. Materials and Methods: The study was performed at Ghazi Al-hariri Hospital in Baghdad, Iraq, from January to July 2025. It included (30) type-1 diabetic patients (15 males and 15 females), with ages ranging from (30–50) years. The patients were divided into three groups: 10 patients were not injected with GBCAs and were exposed to MRI for (5–50) minutes, 10 patients were injected with GBCAs and exposed to MRI for the same duration, and 10 patients were not exposed to MRI. Results: The results showed a difference in the oxidation current peak (ΔIpa) suggesting that oxidative stress increased as exposure to MRI increased. Furthermore, patients injected with gadolinium had double this effect. This increase in (ΔIpa) occurred after 35 minutes of exposure. However, patients who were not exposed to MRI had no oxidative stress. Conclusion: MRI exposure for a long time, particularly in patients who had type 1 diabetes and were injected with gadolinium, will significantly increase oxidative stress.
Background: The chronic inflammatory bowel illness known as ulcerative colitis (UC) is characterized by dysregulated mucosal immunity. There is much more to learn about the relationship between interleukin-17 (IL-17), a key mediator in the Th17 pathway, and systemic inflammatory and metabolic indicators. Objectives: To examine the relationship between inflammatory (CRP), metabolic (FBS, HbA1c), and micronutrient (zinc) indicators and blood levels of IL-17 in individuals with UC, while excluding those with diabetes, autoimmune, hepatic, or renal disorders. Methods: In a case-control research, 90 participants were matched for age, sex, and BMI: 45 UC patients and 45 healthy controls. Measurements were made of zinc, HbA1c, FBS, CRP, and serum IL-17. Using Pearson correlation and independent t-tests, the data were examined. Results: IL-17 levels in UC patients were substantially greater than those in controls (63.85 ± 6.53 vs. 28.38 ± 4.94 pg/mL, p = 0.01). Moreover, CRP was significantly higher (31.29 ± 5.42 vs. 2.64 ± 0.28 mg/L, p = 0.01). IL-17 and CRP showed a high positive association in the UC group (r = 0.804, p < 0.01). On the other hand, zinc levels in UC patients were considerably lower (55.82 ± 3.32 vs. 89.18 ± 5.36 μg/dL, p = 0.001). The groups' FBS and HbA1c levels did not vary significantly from one another. Conclusion: Increased systemic release of IL-17 along with its robust positive association with CRP suggest a key role of IL-17 in active systemic and mucosal inflammation in UC, whereas low levels of zinc contribute to exaggerated Th17 responses. Importantly, these findings were robust even after excluding the patients who were both autoimmune positive and who had metabolic and systemic autoimmune comorbidities which also increased the reliability of these findings. In UC, zinc status in relation to IL-17 may be a focus for diagnosis and treatment.
Background: Higher levels of lipid peroxidation are associated with obesity. Malondialdehyde (MDA) is a byproduct of this process and acts as a biomarker. Plasma ceruloplasmin (Cp) is also connected to obesity and is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Objectives: This study aimed to measure MDA and CP levels in obese people and compare them with levels in people of normal weight, including both men and women. Methods: Case and control study was conducted on a total (90) participants, consisting of (45) Normal individuals with BMI <25 Kg/m2, (45) Obese individuals with BMI ≥ 30 Kg/m2 were enrolled in the study. Serum MDA and CP were estimated using the ELISA technique. The present study was carried out from 8th January 2024, to 1st May 2024, at Rizgary Hospital, Cardiac Center, and Cihan University. Results: Malondialdehyde (MDA) was assessed in both groups. Sensitivity and specificity for MDA were 95.1(0.95) with significance (p < 0.0001), for CP 93.33(0.93) with significance (p < 0.0001), significant increase in median of MDA from 287.0 (p < 0.0001), median CP from 230.1 (p < 0.0001) in obese subjects. A positive Spearman's correlation between MDA and BMI (P < 0.0001) and between CP with BMI (P < 0.0001), indicating that it is an excellent biomarker for diagnosing obesity. Conclusion: This finding suggests that obesity is an important factor for enhanced MDA oxidative stress and Cp protein, with the highest sensitivity and specificity, in obese individuals. which may be suggested as a marker of obesity.
Background: With the increasing number of patients leaving the emergency department against medical advice, morbidity, mortality, and readmission rates have risen, placing a strain on the healthcare system. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the demographic characteristics and the reasons why patients left against medical advice among those attending the emergency departments of teaching hospitals in Babylon Governorate. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Babylon Governorate, encompassing three hospitals. using a convenience sample of patients who left the hospital against their physician's advice. Data were collected between August 2024 and February 2025 using a semi-structured questionnaire covering the reasons for and characteristics of patients who left the hospital against their physician's wishes. Ethical approvals were obtained from the administrations of the three hospitals, as well as from the Scientific Committee of the College of Nursing at the University of Hilla. Results: The study included 510 patients who left the hospital against medical advice. Nearly two-thirds of the participants were male (66.7%), and more than three-quarters (76.7%) were from rural areas. Approximately two-thirds of the patients left without being aware of the potential risks. Respiratory diseases (30.4%) were the most common medical condition, followed by heart disease (21.6%), traffic accident injuries (15.5%), hypertension (12.9%), urinary tract infections (12%), and appendicitis (7.6%). Regarding the causes of (DAMA) the most common reason was the patients' low economic status (40.8%), followed by difficulty communicating with medical staff (27.5%). Conclusion: The study showed that the majority of males and approximately two-thirds of patients are unaware of the potential risks. The low social status and difficulty communicating with medical staff may be the primary reasons for this. Healthcare providers and educators need strong communication skills.
The number of children and adolescents who are suffering from Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in Iraq is continuously increasing. Nutritional management and biochemical markers play a major role in controlling the disease. Several criteria are essential for assessing glycemic control and the course of the disease. Methods: This review examined published Iraqi research addressing two topics that have a direct effect on type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM): nutritional aspects (carbohydrate counting and dietary education) and biochemical markers (HbA1c and C-peptide). The findings were compared with those of other international studies. Results: Iraqi studies consistently recorded higher HbA1c levels and lower C-peptide concentrations compared with healthy control groups, which indicates compromised β -cell function and poor glycemic control. Nutritional studies showed that inadequate dietary education and a lack of carbohydrate counting are the two main causes of uncontrolled diabetes. Iraqi studies were consistently characterized by small sample sizes, cross-sectional designs, no longitudinal follow-up, and inadequate assay standardization. Global studies, on the other hand, produced insights through larger cohorts, standardized procedures, and long-term follow-ups. Conclusion: The evidence from Iraqi studies shows a critical need for extensive, multicenter, long-term research to enhance glycemic outcomes in children with type 1 diabetes. Future studies should aim to combine structured nutritional interventions with biochemical monitoring.
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) affect individuals of all ages, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) being their primary causative agent. The accumulation rate of antimicrobial resistance poses a major public health challenge, underscoring the need for genetic monitoring of resistant strains. Objectives: This study aimed to find virulence genes and antibiotic resistance in UPEC. Materials and Methods: 110 patients, including 65 females and 45 males, aged 15 to 40 years, were screened for UPEC at Al-Hilla city between January and March 2025. Urine samples were collected to identify E. coli and to analyze associated virulence factors. Results: Biochemical tests confirmed UPEC isolates (n = 25, 22.7%). Females represented 60% (n = 15), while males represented 40% (n = 10) accounted for UPEC that indicated higher susceptibility in females. Polymerase chain reaction was employed to identify virulence genes, including Sat, usp, hlyA, and cnf, and all isolates carried the 16S rRNA gene for strain identification. The Sat and usp genes were detected in 96% of the isolates, while the hlyA gene was present in 92%. None of the isolates harbored the cnf gene. Conclusion: Although our study included only 25 isolates, antimicrobial resistance in UPEC is a global issue, and our findings represent only the tip of the iceberg, highlighting the need for larger-scale surveillance studies.
Background: Weight disorders, including obesity and overweight, are major global public health concerns, particularly in developing countries where underweight and obesity coexist. These conditions lead to serious health problems like diabetes, heart disease, hypertension, and cancer. University years are critical for forming lifelong health habits, yet data on obesity prevalence and student awareness remain limited. Aim: To assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity among university students and evaluate their awareness of these conditions and related health risks. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 756 students selected from eight colleges at Sulaimani University, using a stratified random sampling method. Data were collected through direct interviews, anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist, and hip), and a structured questionnaire assessing socio-demographic factors, dietary habits, and knowledge about obesity. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 25, with significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 27.5% and 8.6%, respectively. BMI was significantly associated with age, gender, marital status, college, father's education, and family history of obesity (p < 0.05). Poor dietary habits, such as large fast-food portions and low fruit consumption, were also linked to higher BMI. Over half of the students (54.8%) demonstrated good knowledge about obesity, which was significantly associated with healthier BMI categories (p = 0.003). Conclusions: Over one-third of students were overweight or obese, with BMI significantly linked to demographic and familial factors. Despite adequate knowledge among many students, overweight and obesity remained prevalent, indicating that awareness alone is insufficient. Comprehensive interventions addressing lifestyle and environmental factors are required.
This review discusses definitions, complications, etiologies, diagnoses, and management of ankyloglossia. Ankyloglossia is defined as a developmental anomaly of the tongue, which occurs when the lingual frenulum attachment is too tight to the tongue. Several protocols exist for the diagnosis of this condition, including that proposed by Hazelbaker, who assessed tongue movements (seven different movements) and five appearance characteristics (Hazelbaker Assessment Tool for Lingual Frenulum Function), as well as Kotlow's classification method, which categorizes the severity of ankyloglossia through the attachment of the lingual frenulum to the tongue. In addition, scenarios suggested for case management are related to the severity of the condition, which begin with a ``wait and see'' approach as a first-line treatment for management and subsequent surgical intervention scenarios.
Background: Infertility can be defined as the inability to conceive pregnancy when sexually active and not having used any contraception in 12 months. Flaxseed oil has wide-spectrum applications in health. It has been receiving special interest in infertility treatment. Objectives: This research aimed to determine the impact of flaxseed oil on the fertility of mice. Methods: It involved seventy-five mice. These mice were sex-separated and randomly classified into three groups; one group served as a control group, and the other two groups were exposed to flaxseed oil extract at a dose of 60 mg/Kg body weight/day or 120 mg/Kg body weight/day for 2 weeks. The animals were redistributed at the end of the treatment period, whereby each female group was exposed to male mice from the three male groups for four weeks to investigate reproductive efficiency by calculating the pregnancy rate among females. In males, sperm count was performed with histopathological examination of the testes and epididymis. Results: No pregnancies occurred in the flaxseed oil-treated groups, and azoospermia was observed in all the treated male groups, with marked histological alterations in the testes and epididymis. Conclusion: Flaxseed oil had a negative influence on reproduction in both male and female mice in terms of pregnancy percentage, sperm count, with histological changes in the testis and epididymis.
Background: Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) in children imposes a significant caregiving burden on parents, affecting their psychological and social well-being. Understanding this burden and its associated factors is crucial for improving family-cantered diabetes care. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the level of caregiver burden among parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and explore its association with sociodemographic, clinical, and management-related factors. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted at Dr. Jamal Ahmad Rashid Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Sulaymaniyah, Iraq, between November 2024 and February 2025. A total of 160 parents of children with T1DM were recruited through convenience sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire, including the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI), and analyzed using descriptive statistics, as well as Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results: The mean ZBI score was 42.51 ± 14.47 (range: 5–83). Most caregivers experienced mild-to-moderate (41.9%) or moderate-to-severe (38.8%) burden, while 13.1% reported severe burden. Burden levels were significantly associated with caregiver education (P-value 0.001), employment (P-value 0.034), economic status (P-value < 0.0001), child age (P-value 0.003), disease duration (P-value 0.003), and insulin administration responsibility (P-value 0.005). Conclusion: Caregivers of children with T1DM experience a considerable burden influenced by socioeconomic, educational, and disease-related factors. Targeted psychosocial support, structured diabetes education, and community-based interventions are essential to reduce caregiver stress and enhance family well-being.
Background: Acne scars represent a significant dermatological concern, manifesting as marks and indentations on the skin surface following severe or prolonged acne. Both Plasma-Jet and Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) have been used in a synergistic approach to treat moderate to very severe types of acne scars. Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of combining SVF and Plasma-Jet in the management of acne scars. Materials and Methods: This prospective single-arm clinical trial was conducted from September 2024 to September 2025 at Rizgary Teaching Hospital and Zheen International Hospital in Erbil, Iraq. Twenty patients aged 20–45 with moderate to very severe facial acne scars were treated with SVF and Plasma-Jet. The scar severity, improvement, and satisfaction were the outcomes of the study. Results: The mean age of the patients was 31.4 years (SD: 6.52, range: 20–45 years), predominantly male (80%). Most scars were bilateral cheek lesions (90%), classified as type II (55%), III (20%), or IV (25%), with moderate severity being the most common (55%). The baseline mean Goodman and Baron score was 16.1, significantly reduced to 8.05 post-treatment (p < 0.0001). Patient satisfaction was high, with 85% satisfied (50% very satisfied, 25% satisfied, and 10% satisfied but wanting more sessions), while 15% were not satisfied. All patients showed improvement: 50% significant, 35% moderate, and 15% mild. Improvement was consistent across age, gender, Fitzpatrick skin type, and initial severity (p > 0.05 for all), indicating the treatment's effectiveness regardless of demographic or clinical factors. The combination therapy demonstrates promising results for diverse acne scar types and severities. Conclusion: Combined SVF and plasma-Jet treatment significantly improves acne scars, with high patient satisfaction and consistent results across age, gender, skin type, and severity, demonstrating safe and effective outcomes for diverse scar types.
Background: Globally, the prevalence of T2DM has risen dramatically, becoming a significant public health concern due to its various complications. The diabetic patients may have a higher prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) compared to the non-diabetic population. Objectives: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of SNHL among diabetic patients in clinical settings in the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study with a comparative group was designed for the current healthy and type II diabetic patients. The study was conducted at Galiawa Diabetes Center and Rzgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil city (October 2024 - October 2025). Results: The study included 150 participants, with 50% diabetic and 51.3% female. Most had higher education (46%), middle socioeconomic status (62%), and 64% faced SNHL. Left-side SNHL (3.3%) was most common, with 23.3% mild and 1.3% severe cases. The mean age was 50.45 ± 8.98 years, diabetes duration 4.85 ± 4.52 years, and HbA1c 6.86 ± 0.89%. No significant association was found between diabetes and gender, education, or socioeconomic status (p > 0.05). However, SNHL was higher in diabetics (52% vs. 20%), with significant links to bilateral (44%), left (5.3%), and right (2.7%) SNHL, as well as severity (29.3% mild vs. 2.7% severe, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The study confirms a significant association between diabetes and SNHL, with diabetics showing higher prevalence (52%), longer disease duration, and poorer glycaemic control. SNHL severity and laterality were also linked to diabetes, with no associations with gender, education, or socioeconomic status.
Background: Accurate diagnosis of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries is critical for selecting appropriate treatment strategies and preventing long-term knee dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used as a non-invasive diagnostic tool, while arthroscopy remains the gold standard. Objectives: This study aimed to compare the diagnostic accuracy of MRI against arthroscopic findings in ACL injuries and to assess its current performance in clinical settings for the years 2024–2025. Methods: A total of 40 patients (31 males, 77%; 9 females, 23%) aged 20–50 years (median age 35 years) who presented with suspected ACL injury were enrolled. All patients underwent MRI examination followed by arthroscopic evaluation, which served as the reference standard. Diagnostic indices, including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), and overall accuracy, were calculated. Results: MRI correctly identified 22 actual positive cases and three true negative cases, with one false positive and 14 false negative results when compared with arthroscopy. The calculated diagnostic performance of MRI was as follows: sensitivity 93%, specificity 88%, PPV 82%, NPV 95%, and overall accuracy 90%. Conclusion: MRI demonstrates high sensitivity and accuracy in diagnosing ACL injuries, making it a valuable non-invasive diagnostic tool. However, certain discrepancies compared with arthroscopy suggest that MRI should be interpreted with caution in equivocal cases.
