Groundwater contamination in Indonesia poses a significant public health problem with over 80 percent of urban shallow groundwaters exhibit coliform counts higher than acceptable limits; however, crucial research gaps still exist concerning geographic coverage, time monitoring, emerging pollutant assessment, and evaluation of management strategies. In this study, two different methodologies have been used that included (a) the PRISMA-based systematic review methodology to gather information on contaminant types, assessment, and management from 33 papers in the literature and (b) bibliometric analysis including 438 papers to monitor publication trends and developments within the period of 2005 to 2025. The main findings of the systematic review include identification of some common problems associated with microbial contamination, chemical pollution, and management practices. At the same time, bibliometric analysis pointed out that there is an upward trend for the number of publications until 2021. Among common problems, microbiological contamination represented a major issue especially in urban areas according to the systematic review. Major problems in urban areas include high nitrate contents, presence of heavy metals exceeding WHO limits, microplastics, and pyrethroids. Advanced methods used in the literature remain rare. This paper contributes to Indonesia's 2019 Water Resources Law.
Manggis Gadungan Nature Reserve (NR) is a nature conservation area that plays a vital role in protecting biodiversity, as a water catchment area, and a life support system. The natural ecosystem in Manggis Gadungan NR has become increasingly important to preserve and defend since it was designated as a Pusat Ficus Nasional (PFN) in 2022. The balance of the ecosystem in Manggis Gadungan NR, with its various essential functions, must be maintained with the support of its buffer zone. Therefore, optimal management is not only for the Manggis Gadungan NR area but also for its buffer zone. A land-use inventory study can serve as the basis for sustainable management planning. Thus, this study aims to determine the land use inventory in the Manggis village and Manggis Gadungan NR as a basis for sustainable management planning. This study uses the Manggis Gadungan Nature Reserve as the study area, with spatial analysis and literature review to determine the land-use percentages in the Manggis Village and Manggis Gadungan NR, as a basis for sustainable environmental resource management. The study found five land-use types in the Manggis Village and Manggis Gadungan NR: production forests, settlements, rice fields, yards, and cultivated land. The most extensive land use is rice fields, covering 44% of the total area of 311.83 Ha, and the smallest is settlements. The land-use variations in the Manggis Village and Manggis Gadungan NR can be used to develop sustainable management plans that incorporate agroforestry, farmer groups, and reforestation models, and to assist villages in supporting environmental, social, and economic sustainability
The development of the New Manila International Airport (NMIA) in the Municipality of Bulakan, Bulacan, has generated complex socio-environmental challenges, including livelihood displacement, intensifying pollution, and rapid population growth. As a large-scale coastal infrastructure project, NMIA exerts considerable pressure on existing ecosystems, particularly on the integrity and health of surrounding vegetation. In response, this study evaluates the implications of NMIA development on vegetation dynamics using a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) temporal analysis at a regional scale. Multi-temporal satellite imagery was analyzed to capture changes in vegetation greenness across three critical phases: pre-construction, initial development, and the current stage of expansion. To provide a more comprehensive spatial understanding, landscape metrics were integrated with Geographic Information System (GIS)-based techniques to assess patterns of fragmentation, patch distribution, and ecological connectivity. The findings reveal pronounced fragmentation within the inner core zone, where vegetation patches have become increasingly degraded and spatially simplified. In the intermediate zone, patch structures exhibit a gradual reduction and transition, indicating ongoing ecological stress. Conversely, the outer gradient demonstrates a more coalesced landscape pattern, characterized by relatively lower levels of fragmentation and higher continuity of vegetative cover. These results suggest that NMIA construction has significantly altered vegetation structure, particularly in areas closest to development activities, thereby reducing ecological resilience in the coastal environment. Given these impacts, the study underscores the importance of adopting a region-wide, vegetation-sensitive landscape planning approach. Such an approach is essential to balance infrastructure development with ecological sustainability and to support the long-term viability of Bulakan’s emerging coastal aerotropolis
River monitoring for bacterial contamination plays a vital role in preventing waterborne disease transmission and safeguarding public health, particularly in densely populated areas with inadequate sanitation infrastructure. Human activities such as domestic wastewater discharge, improper waste disposal, and agricultural runoff significantly influence microbial communities in aquatic ecosystems and may increase the spread of pathogenic microorganisms and antibiotic resistance. Escherichia coli (E. coli) is widely recognized as a reliable indicator of fecal contamination and overall water quality because its presence suggests potential contamination by enteric pathogens that pose risks to human health. This study aimed to assess coliform bacteria levels in river water as bioindicators of sanitation conditions and the quality of clean water sources. A descriptive-quantitative research design was employed to obtain measurable and systematic data. Water samples were collected from three river locations situated in areas characterized by poor sanitation systems. The selected sites represent zones where domestic activities directly interact with river water, potentially contributing to microbial pollution. Coliform bacteria concentrations were analyzed using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method to estimate bacterial density in each sample. The results demonstrated that coliform contamination levels varied across sampling points and reflected surrounding sanitation conditions. Elevated coliform counts indicated significant fecal pollution, confirming that coliform bacteria are effective bioindicators for evaluating sanitation performance and clean water source quality in riverine environments.
Sanitation challenges, including low compliance with handwashing practices and improper waste disposal, remain critical public health concerns in Klakah Village. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated health education strategies using both print and digital media, and to examine their association with handwashing and waste disposal behaviors. A descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design was conducted involving 84 households selected through stratified random sampling. The intervention consisted of health education delivered through posters, leaflets, digital presentations, and short videos to enhance community awareness and behavioral change. Data were collected through structured observations, interviews, and questionnaires, and analyzed using bivariate statistical tests to assess the relationships between educational exposure, attitudes, habits, and sanitation-related behaviors. The results revealed a statistically significant yet weak positive association between attitudes, habitual practices, and sanitation behaviors. Households exposed to combined print and digital educational media demonstrated more favorable attitudes toward handwashing and waste management, as well as improved behavioral practices compared to baseline conditions. Despite the modest strength of the associations, the findings suggest that multi-modal health education strategies can contribute to incremental improvements in sanitation behavior at the household level. This study underscores the importance of integrating traditional and digital communication approaches to enhance the effectiveness of public health interventions, particularly in rural settings with limited sanitation infrastructure. Strengthening community engagement and ensuring sustained educational efforts are essential to achieving long-term behavioral change and improving environmental health outcomes.
Patient safety should be positioned as the primary normative framework in analyzing responsibility for hazardous medical waste management in hospitals. Modern health law recognizes that patient safety extends beyond clinical competence to encompass the entire institutional system within which healthcare services are provided. Hospitals have a legal obligation to establish and maintain a safe care environment, including infection control, environmental hygiene, and hazardous waste management. However, in modern hospital governance, strategic decisions are often influenced by parties that exercise effective control but are not formally registered as directors or shareholders. However, legal regulations in Indonesia still tend to place responsibility on legal entities and operational implementers, potentially creating an accountability gap. This study uses normative legal methods with legislative, conceptual, and doctrinal approaches. Legal material is analyzed from a descriptive perspective to formulate a legal responsibility construct oriented toward the substance of patient safety control and protection. The research findings indicate that beneficial owners of a hospital can be held legally liable if they are proven to have control or influence over hazardous medical waste management policies. This liability structure can be established through the application of the doctrines of corporate breach of the veil, vicarious liability, and strict liability. In conclusion, beneficial owners can be held legally liable when they exercise effective control over policies that endanger patient safety. This approach enhances patient protection and promotes transparent, accountable, and fair hospital governance.
The Sumberremis River, a tributary within the upper Brantas River basin, is increasingly subjected to ecological pressure driven by intensifying anthropogenic activities, including settlements, agriculture, and plantation expansion. These land-use dynamics elevate the risk of water quality degradation and threaten the integrity of aquatic biota. This study assesses the ecological status of the Sumberremis River using benthic macroinvertebrates as bioindicators, applying the SIGNAL2 (Stream Invertebrate Grade Number–Average Level) Index to quantify environmental conditions. Field sampling was conducted at six representative stations using a standardized kicking net method across 10 m riffle habitats. Collected specimens were identified to the family level to ensure consistency and comparability of bioassessment metrics. A total of 36 taxa were recorded, encompassing 10 orders and 6 classes, indicating moderate biodiversity across the study reach. Spatial variation was evident, with Station 6 exhibiting the highest taxonomic richness (21 taxa) and Station 1 the lowest (13 taxa), reflecting differing levels of environmental stress. SIGNAL2 scores ranged from 3.82 to 5.00, with the highest ecological quality observed at Station 6 and the lowest at Station 1. Based on the SIGNAL2 classification framework, the river is positioned within Quadrant 2, corresponding to a lightly polluted condition. This status suggests that while severe ecological degradation has not yet occurred, early signs of environmental disturbance are present, likely associated with diffuse organic inputs and land-based runoff. These findings highlight the need for proactive river management strategies, particularly the reduction of organic loading and improved control of non-point source pollution. Strengthening watershed governance and promoting sustainable land-use practices are critical to preventing further ecological decline and maintaining the functional integrity of the Sumberremis River system.
Urban air quality is increasingly influenced by motor vehicle emissions, particularly in rapidly developing cities such as Malang, Indonesia. This study aims to quantify the contribution of motorized vehicles to urban air pollution by integrating Automatic License Plate Recognition (ALPR) technology with national emission factor standards. Traffic data were collected across several major urban road corridors in Malang City, representing both peak and non-peak traffic conditions. Detected vehicle types were subsequently reclassified in accordance with the Ministry of Environment Regulation No. 12 of 2010 to ensure consistency and accuracy in emission estimation. Emissions of key pollutants, including carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO?), particulate matter (PM??), and sulfur dioxide (SO?), were estimated using a Tier 1 emission calculation approach. The results indicate that average daily CO emissions reached approximately 1,315 kg/day, with peak levels exceeding 1,450 kg/day during high-traffic weekdays. Similar trends were observed for other pollutants, reflecting strong correlations between traffic density and emission intensity. Motorcycles were identified as the largest contributors to total emissions across all measured pollutants, primarily because of their dominant share of daily traffic volume. These findings highlight the urgent need for targeted emission control policies that focus on high-frequency vehicle categories, especially two-wheelers. In addition, strategies such as improved traffic management, stricter emission standards, and enhanced fuel quality are essential to mitigate urban air pollution. Overall, this study provides empirical evidence to support more effective and sustainable urban air quality management policies in rapidly growing cities.
As global demand for green technologies and renewable energy systems continues to rise, Indonesia has emerged as a strategic actor in the global energy transition due to its vast nickel reserves, estimated at nearly 4 million metric tons. This resource advantage underpins the country’s ambitious nickel downstreaming policy, which is promoted as a cornerstone of green economic transformation and a key driver of the renewable energy transition. However, the implementation of this strategy has generated significant socio-environmental challenges that warrant critical examination. This study analyzes the socio-environmental implications of Indonesia’s nickel downstreaming program, with particular emphasis on its intersection with global green growth narratives. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, this research adopts a case study of the nickel mining industry on Wawonii Island, Southeast Sulawesi. Data were analyzed to explore how large-scale extractive activities, driven by the global demand for renewable energy components, reshape local socio-ecological systems. The findings reveal a paradox between the global discourse of sustainable energy transition and the realities experienced at the local level. While nickel downstreaming contributes to national economic growth and supports renewable energy supply chains, it simultaneously exacerbates environmental degradation, threatens coastal ecosystems, and undermines the livelihoods and resource access of local communities. This study highlights the hidden socio-environmental costs embedded within the global energy transition and underscores the need for more inclusive, accountable, and sustainable governance frameworks. Strengthening environmental regulation, ensuring community participation, and integrating social justice principles into resource management are essential to achieving a truly sustainable and equitable energy transition.
Monitoring fluoride in groundwater is critical due to the adverse health effects associated with elevated concentrations, including dental and skeletal fluorosis. This study aims to develop and evaluate a passive sampling device based on a polymeric inclusion membrane (PIM) for in situ fluoride determination in groundwater systems. The PIM was composed of cellulose triacetate (CTA, 70%) as the base polymer, Aliquat 336-Cl (20%) as the carrier, and 1-decanol (10%) as the plasticizer, with 1 M NaCl employed as the receiving phase. Membrane characterization was conducted through structural, hydrophilic, and mechanical analyses to confirm its suitability for environmental applications. Calibration of the passive sampler was performed under controlled laboratory conditions by investigating transport kinetics and assessing the effect of varying fluoride concentrations in the feed phase. These experiments enabled the determination of sampling rate parameters and the establishment of calibration models prior to field deployment. The sampling rates (R?) obtained were 7.60 × 10?¹¹ m³ s?¹ from kinetic analysis and 5.56 × 10?¹¹ m³ s?¹ from calibration experiments, yielding an average R? of 6.58 × 10?¹¹ m³ s?¹. Then, the passive sampler was deployed to measure TWA fluoride concentrations in various groundwater samples. Variation in TWA and PIM-accumulated fluoride showed that the correlation isn’t always linear across all samples, indicating that environmental and matrix effects influence fluoride accumulation. This study highlights the potential of PIM-based passive samplers as a practical tool for groundwater monitoring, while emphasizing the importance of site-specific calibration to ensure accurate and reliable measurements.
The objective of this study is to develop and evaluate strategies for the utilisation of nano technology-based ablution water waste in integrated farming systems comprising catfish, tilapia, gourami, iridescent shark, and water spinach. Utilising an interdisciplinary approach, this study not only examines the effectiveness of water treatment technology, but also seeks to empower pesantren human resources to achieve technical and economic independence. The novelty of this research lies in the integration of nanotechnology-based water treatment technology, the utilisation of the results for productive cultivation, and the empowerment of human resources in the Islamic boarding school community. This research was conducted at the As-Salafiyyah Asy-Syafi'iyyah Tambakberas Barat Islamic Boarding School, Jombang, East Java, from August to October 2025. The findings of the study demonstrate that the integration of electrocoagulation, zeolite-based nanofiltration, and ozonation technologies is efficacious in enhancing the quality of ablution wastewater. This assertion is substantiated by a substantial decline in pollutant parameters, specifically: The BOD decreased from 78 mg/L to 24 mg/L, with an efficiency of 69.2%, the COD decreased from 39 mg/L to 17 mg/L, with an efficiency of 56.4%, and the TSS decreased from 76 mg/L to 25 mg/L, with an efficiency of 67.1%. The utilisation of treated water as a cultivation medium yielded favourable outcomes, manifesting in the accelerated growth of water spinach plants. A notable augmentation in plant length was observed, escalating from 10.2 centimetres at seven days post-planting to 39.8 centimetres at 28 days after planting. Concurrently, the number of leaves increased from 9 at 7 days after planting to 38 leaves at 28 days after planting. Furthermore, the fresh weight of the plants exhibited a substantial increase, rising from 3 grams at seven days after planting to 37 grams at 28 days after planting. Furthermore, treated water has been demonstrated to support the growth of various fish species, including patin, tilapia, gurami, and catfish. The fastest growth was exhibited by tilapia and catfish, reaching 27 g and 18 g at 28 days after planting, respectively, with a final length of 14.83 cm and 13.25 cm, respectively. The present study will examine the level of technology acceptance among Islamic boarding schools. Keywords: Nanotechnology, Ablution Wastewater, Aquaculture, Hydroponics, Islamic Boarding School
This study analyzes appropriate land use planning based on the Designated WTU (Wilayah Tanah Usaha) within the framework of a Sustainable Agrarian Arrangement System, focusing on HPK Non-Productive areas designated as Agrarian Reform Object Land (TORA) in Sintang Regency. The research object is the TORA reserve sourced from HPK Non-Productive Sintang Regency, covering 14,310.42 ha, as per the allocation decree (SK) issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF), located in 6 villages in Ketungau Tengah District and 4 villages in Ketungau Hulu District. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with IP4T data analysis to formulate land use schemes based on slope, elevation, and land capability to define WTU classes, combined with GIS-based spatial analysis to map land tenure, land use patterns, WTU distribution, and identify potential community land empowerment aligned with new growth areas in the Sungai Kelik border region. WTU analysis in PB IP4T Existing and PB IP4T SK TORA identified two primary classes: WTU Utama 1C and WTU Utama 1D, and two additional classes: Non-WTU and WTU Terbatas. Non-WTU: 506 parcels (304.95 ha) vs. 489 parcels (144.38 ha), difference: 17 parcels and 160.57 ha. WTU Terbatas: 4 parcels (20.59 ha) vs. 3 parcels (11.93 ha). WTU Utama 1C: 2,849 parcels (15,415.22 ha) vs. 2,846 parcels (14,055.08 ha). WTU Utama 1D: 19 parcels, area reduced from 132.08 ha to 88.04 ha Keywords: Spatial Analysis, Sustainable Agrarian Reform, WTU
The provision of Green Open Space (GOS) in Malang City has not yet fulfilled the minimum proportion mandated by Law Number 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning. This shortfall has contributed to the emergence of the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon, which poses increasing environmental and thermal comfort challenges in urban areas. One of the primary drivers of UHI in Malang City is the extensive conversion of green land into built-up areas, particularly for residential development. As urban expansion continues, private residential land holds significant potential to function as supplementary green open space, thereby contributing to urban microclimate regulation. This study aims to analyze differences in land surface temperature across various green open space components by comparing hardscape and softscape elements within three Green Open Spaces located at Universitas Brawijaya. Land surface temperature measurements were conducted over three consecutive days, with observations carried out for 12 hours each day at two-hour intervals. The results indicate a clear distinction between surface temperatures of hardscape and softscape materials. Softscape elements consistently exhibited lower surface temperatures compared to hardscape materials, demonstrating their effectiveness in mitigating heat accumulation. Among the materials analyzed, andesite exhibited the highest surface temperature, reaching up to 37°C, while water bodies, such as ponds, recorded the lowest surface temperature at approximately 23°C. These findings highlight the critical role of softscape components, particularly vegetation and water features, in reducing surface temperatures and mitigating UHI effects. Keywords: Green Open space, Hardscape, Softscape, Surface Temperature
The existence of water plays an important role in the lives of all living creatures. Water distribution on the earth’s surface is divided into sea water and fresh water. Rivers are an example of surface fresh water that provides a water source for life. Water quality plays a role in determining a river’s quality status and designation. The Widas River is a sub-watershed of Brantas located in Nganjuk Regency. Based on Government Regulation 61 of 2010, the Widas River is included in class II for the river category. The research was carried out to assess the water quality and quality status of the Widas River. The method used in descriptive-quantitative was obtained by applying the pollutant index method. Water quality data shows that the Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) parameters exceed the established class II quality standards, namely 3 mg/L for the eiver category. Meanwhile, the Widas River’s quality status, with a value of 2,22 using class II quality standards and 1,28 using class III quality standards, is included in the lightly polluted category. Meanwhile, with a value of 0.75 using class IV quality standards, it is included in the river category with good content. Based on this, class III quality standards in Government Regulation Number 2 of 2021 are more appropriate for the Widas River, Nganjuk Regency. Keywords: Pollutant Index, Quality Status of River, Water Quality, Widas River
The purpose of this study is to determine the potential for the development of Bawean Island tourism. Research methods used was qualitative with a case study approach. This research data was obtained from the results of observations, interviews and documentation which related to the development of tourism in Bawean island. The results showed that the potential for the development of Bawean Island tourism can be seen from the existence of local and foreign visitors reaching 178.235 visitors in 2022, indicating that Bawean Island has the potential for diversification of tourism products, the availability of land and marine transportation access and the existence of policies and regulations that make Bawean Island as a zone tourism development priority. Because the findings of this research are identified qualitatively, it is recommended in further studies to conduct quantitative analysis so significantly the influence of the potential development of Bawean Island tourism can contribute and support sustainable tourism development.
Microplastics constitute a significant source of pollution in the Brantas River waters. Classified as particles <5 mm in size, they originate from the decomposition of larger plastics. The growing population along the Brantas River Watershed is believed to contribute to the increase in microplastic pollution in the river. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify the types and presence of microplastics in water and fish samples collected from the waters of the Brantas River in Malang City. Sampling was carried out in September 2023 during the dry season. Water samples were collected at four research points, while fish samples were obtained from four points within the Brantas River Watershed, Malang City. The analysis process included sample filtering, drying and observation. Microplastic particles were documented and examined using a stereo microscope and their composition was determined using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) tool to identify the polymer type. The prevalent microplastic type in the samples was film, predominantly black, and the most frequently identified polymers were nylon and nitrile. The highest abundance of microplastics was observed in water sample 3 and tombro fish (cyprinus carpio), with detailed amounts of 1.11 particles/m3 and 4.68 particles/m3 respectively. Keywords: Brantas Water, Cyprinus carpio, Microplastics, Oreochomis niloticus, Polymer.
Technological developments have resulted in an increasing number of motorized vehicles such as motorbikes, cars, and other modes of transportation, which will result in a lot of air pollution due to exhaust emissions from fossil fuels. Substances from the hazardous exhaust gases include carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NO or NOx), and hydrocarbons (HC). This research was conducted by designing a catalytic converter using a mixture of several metals obtained from various wastes in Small and Medium Enterprises. A mixture of copper, brass, aluminum, and zinc is to be made as a muffler or exhaust on the test vehicle, namely the 2005 Car with observed exhaust emissions, namely CO & HC, using a Gas Analyzer. Measurements were taken at vehicle rotation of 1000 rpm, 2000 rpm, 3000 rpm, 4000 rpm, and 5000 rpm. The results of this study indicate that the highest percentage reduction in CO levels was when using a catalyst with an engine speed of 2000 rpm, which was 5.23% with Pertamax fuel, while for Pertalite fuel, when using a catalyst with an engine speed of 2000 rpm, it was 5.5%. The highest percentage reduction in HC levels was when using a catalyst at 1000 rpm engine speed of 645 with Pertamax fuel, while for Pertalite fuel, using a catalyst at 1000 rpm engine speed was 705.5. Keywords: Aluminium, Brass, Catalytic Converter, Copper, Gas Analyzer, Zinc
Food sustainability is a fundamental pillar of Indonesia’s national development agenda, closely linked to economic resilience, social welfare, and long-term environmental stability. Despite its strategic importance, Indonesia’s current level of food security remains below the global average, indicating persistent structural and systemic challenges. Ensuring future food sustainability therefore requires integrated and adaptive strategies to address multiple pressures, including climate change, shifting consumption patterns, population growth, and volatility in food prices. This study examines the prospects of food security in Indonesia by focusing on three key dimensions: food availability, food access, and food stability. Using a comprehensive analytical approach, the research identifies both the opportunities and constraints within Indonesia’s food system. The findings indicate that Indonesia possesses substantial potential to enhance food sustainability, supported by abundant natural resources, a large agricultural workforce, and growing technological capacity. However, this potential is constrained by uneven productivity, limited access to food for vulnerable populations, and weak mechanisms to stabilize food supply and prices. To overcome these challenges, the study proposes several strategic measures. First, agricultural productivity must be increased through the sustainable application of modern agricultural technologies that are environmentally friendly and climate-resilient. Second, the development of inclusive and sustainable agribusiness models is essential to improve food access, particularly for low-income and rural communities. Third, strengthening food system governance and supply chain management is necessary to ensure price stability and reduce vulnerability to external shocks. These measures must be implemented in an integrated and sustainable manner to secure Indonesia’s long-term food sustainability and resilience. Keywords: changes in consumption habits, climate change, food security, Indonesia, price fluctuations
Livestock is an integral part of agriculture, contributing significantly to the rural economies and socio-economic development of many developing countries. Livestock is a crucial component of Indonesia's national economic potential, which can enhance the added value of the country'sagricultural sector. The livestock sector presents a promising market opportunity, as the domestic market is expected to continue growing in line with the rapidly expandingpopulation. Business actors in the livestock sector have made several efforts to develop the livestock sector, one of which is in the form of environmentally basedanimal husbandry education tours. The purpose of this research is to analyze the best action program for the development of sustainable livestock tourism. The action programs are ecotourism, Livestock, infrastructure, product quality, Information and Communication Technology, education and training, and formal education. Data were collected from experts in the field of livestock tourism. Datais analyzed using multi-policy. The analysis results show that the ecotourism action program is the best, with a mean of18.8 and the smalleststandard error. Research suggests that it is advisable to formulate appropriate policies torealize ecotourism in the RegionalTechnical Implementation Unit of Pasuruan Regency.
Energy transition has been perceived as an urgent agenda as the phenomena of climate change and environmental damage are increasing. Various arrangements and endeavors have been carried out by many countries including Indonesia to overcome this, one of which is to formulate a national energy transition policy. This paper aimed to examine policy directions and analyze gaps in the energy transition policy issues in Indonesia as well as their relationship to ecological justice. The research method used was normative legal research with a statutory approach, a conceptual approach, and a historical approach. The findings showed that; (1) the direction of the national energy transition policy aimed at overcoming the impacts of climate change and environmental damage through the use and utilization of new and renewable energy (NRE). Various measures have been made starting from a new bill (proposed national law), government regulations, to regulations of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources. However, such initiatives have a dual orientation, which contained substance problems and inconsistent arrangements. (2) The problems of the national energy transition policy would affect the fulfillment of access to justice, especially ecological justice. The transition from fossil energy to renewable energy could have a positive impact if the policy and implementation of exploration-exploitation, use, and utilization of renewable energy were truly oriented towards protecting and preserving the environment and social welfare. One indicator of the success of the national energy transition would be the fulfillment of access to ecological justice as mandated by the Indonesian constitution.
