Introduction. The emergence of publicly available generative neural networks has become one of the most significant factors in modern intellectual labor. Unlike previous generations of digital technologies, generative models are directly incorporated into the production of texts, images, program code, analytical materials, and other intellectual work results. The aim of the study was to conduct a comparative sociological analysis of how generative neural network technologies are implemented into scientific, educational and medical activities, as well as to identify the institutional differences that shape their professional development. Materials and methods. The research is theoretical and analytical in nature. Methods of comparative, institutional, historical genetic, and structural and functional analysis have been applied. Results. Generative neural networks are evolving from experimental algorithmic solutions to widespread professional tools and objects of institutional policy. To analyze this dynamics, a four-stage model has been proposed, including the protogenerative stage (2010-2014), the generative stage (2014-2018), the stage of platform consolidation (2018–2022), and the stage of mass institutionalization (2022-present). This model is based on a staging concept on scientific and educational activities, developed by the author, through its use in the comparative analysis of the medical field.
Introduction. The global population aging trend is accompanied by a rise in the number of patients with cognitive impairment and dementia, which requires the search for effective preventive strategies. Objective. To summarize the current evidence from systematic reviews and meta-analyses on the influence of elderly nutrition (geriatric dietetics) on cognitive health in older adults, and to substantiate the role of dietary strategies for risk factor modification in preventing and slowing the progression of cognitive disorders. Materials and methods. A literature search was performed in Medline, eLibrary, and Cochrane Library databases for the period from October, 2004, to August, 2024, using the keywords “cognitive impairment,” “dementia,” “nutrition,” “diet”, and “nutrients.” Over 70 Russianand English-language sources were screened, with preference to prospective cohort studies, randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Results. The most robust evidence supports the Mediterranean diet (up to 72% reduction in Alzheimer’s disease risk), moderate caffeine intake (70-450 mg/day), moderate calorie restriction, and maintenance of adequate vitamin D levels. In contrast, supplementation with individually taken B vitamins, vitamins C and E, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids showed no significant benefit. It is confirmed that timely dietary intervention and adoption of elderly nutrition principles slow cognitive decline. Discussion. The observed effects are attributed to the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective properties of nutrients. Limitations of the evidence base include the predominantly observational design of many studies and the short intervention period in several randomized trials. Conclusion. Integrating elderly nutrition principles into preventive healthcare and patient education may contribute to reducing the burden of dementia. Further long-term interventional studies are warranted.
Introduction. The World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the importance of environmental factors in shaping human health. In the context of healthcare organizations, salutogenic design presents a promising approach to enhancing patient-centeredness through environmental modification, focusing on creating conditions that reduce stress and promote well-being. Despite the decades-long evolution of the salutogenic design concept, its practical application is frequently constrained by the fragmented implementation of isolated elements. Objective. To systematically analyze and synthesize global experience in the field of salutogenic design within healthcare facilities in order to structure the foundational aspects of the concept as it has evolved over recent decades. Materials and methods. A non-systematic literature review was conducted using following databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library for the period from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2024. Results. Elements of salutogenic design in healthcare facilities, such as well-chosen color schemes, natural light and sufficient lighting, biophilic design (nature elements, natural textures), effective space organization, art, and noise reduction, contribute to improved patients’ emotional state and clinical indicators. Conclusions. The design of healthcare facilities is an important factor in the quality and safety of care. However, the implementation of modern concepts of patient-centered spaces, such as salutogenic design, is limited due to the lack of unified methodological approaches. The literature review results confirm that healthcare facilities apply salutogenic design factors in an isolated and/or limited manner. To achieve the optimal positive effect of salutogenic design, unified standards based on research need to be developed, which will improve the environment for health care delivery and enhance patient satisfaction.
Background. The digital transformation of healthcare and the widespread adoption of information and communication technologies have fundamentally reshaped the access to health-related information. Intense information flows have given rise to the “infodemic” phenomenon, where the overwhelming and conflicting health information creates new challenges for the public health. The aim of the study was to provide a systematic review of current scientific evidence on the influence of population digital literacy and the characteristics of the information environment on health behavioral patterns. Materials and methods. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, WoS, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka databases for the period 20192025. Results. Validated tools for assessing digital literacy were identified; the relationship between digital literacy and economic aspects of medical behavior was established. The “cyberchondria paradox”, that is a positive association between digital literacy and health-related anxiety, was revealed. The effects of first-, second-, third-level digital divide, as well as culturally specific perception of digital health recommendations were documented. Conclusion. Digital literacy is a significant yet non-linear factor shaping health-oriented behavior; its effect is managed by socioeconomic and institutional conditions.
Introduction. The modern system of higher medical education places increased demands on the psychological stability of students, which frequently results in a professional identity crisis. This condition is manifested by a loss of meaning in the profession, a decline in academic performance, and doubts about the validity of a career choice. Standardized criteria for the early detection of professional identity crisis, however, have not yet been established. Objective. To develop and validate a framework for screening for a professional identity crisis in medical university students using a set of psychological indicators. Materials and methods. The study involved 120 fourth through sixth-year students from the faculties of general medicine and pediatrics. The following instruments were used: the Purpose-in-Life Orientations Test (D.A. Leontiev), the Hardiness Scale by S. Maddi, the Ways of Coping Questionnaire by R. Lazarus, the method for studying learning motivation by T.I. Ilyina, and the author’s questionnaire for subjective assessment of the crisis. Statistical processing included comparative, cluster, and regression analyses. Results. Using cluster analysis and subsequent discriminant testing, three groups of students were identified: “successful” (30.8%), who do not experience crisis; “students experiencing crisis but having high personal resources for overcoming it” (38.3%), who maintain meaning in life, active coping and intrinsic motivation; and students (30.8%) whose subjective experience of crisis is combined with profound existential, emotional and behavioral disorders. Predictors of the maladaptive form of crisis were low meaning in life (в = -0.38), low level of resilience (control, в = -0.27), avoidance coping (в = 0.22) and lack of intrinsic motivation (в = -0.19), collectively explaining 71.4% of the variance. Conclusion. The developed screening tool help to early detect students in need of psychological support and to plan preventive interventions on a case-by-vase basis.
