Abstract Migraine is a headache usually on one side of the head of varying intensity, often accompanied by nausea/ vomiting and sensitivity to light and sound. Conventional therapies along with the alternative medicines have a good action on the treatment of migraine. Management strategies encompass indicated treatment for immediate relief during acute episodes. Preventive therapy to reduce frequency and severity, dietary modifications and personalized lifestyle adjustments are also required. Inclusion of elimination diets, ketogenic diets etc. help prevent migraine episodes along with change in mode of living. Identifying the trigger factors and removing them from diet and regimen act as prophylactic but these measures fail to prevent all attacks so individualized homoeopathic treatment is needed to reduce the frequency and intensity of migraine episodes paving the way to recovery. This interventional clinical study included 30 patients comprising 2 groups. The control group is given homoeopathic treatment and avoidance of trigger factors as per individual case.Study group is given both homoeopathic treatment & prescribed diet & regimen. The study concludes that the homoeopathic treatment of migraine is more effective along with diet and regimen in comparison to indicated medicines alone as there is significant reduction in the MIDAS score before and after the intervention both clinically and statistically with p value < 0.05.
Importance: Premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) affects 1–4% of women under 40 years of age, resulting in infertility, hypoestrogenism, and elevated risks of osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and premature mortality. Conventional treatments, including hormone replacement therapy and donor-oocyte IVF, provide symptomatic relief but fail to restore intrinsic ovarian function. Hydrogel-encapsulated autologous stem cell therapy represents a potentially transformative regenerative approach capable of addressing both the follicular depletion and hostile microenvironmental barriers that underlie POI pathophysiology. Objective: To systematically identify, appraise, and synthesize evidence on the use of hydrogel biomaterials and autologous stem cell therapies—individually and in combination—for ovarian rejuvenation in women with POI or diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), and to evaluate the translational potential of hydrogel-based stem cell delivery systems. Evidence Review: A systematic search was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials from January 2014 through February 2026. Search terms included: "premature ovarian insufficiency," "diminished ovarian reserve," "mesenchymal stem cells," "adipose-derived stem cells," "umbilical cord MSC," "menstrual blood-derived MSCs," "hydrogel," "biomaterial scaffold," "ovarian rejuvenation," "cell encapsulation," and "intraovarian transplantation," combined using Boolean operators. Studies were screened by two independent reviewers against pre-specified eligibility criteria. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2) for randomized trials and ROBINS-I for non-randomized intervention studies. The review adheres to PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Findings: Thirty-one studies met eligibility criteria, comprising 6 clinical trials, 7 prospective cohort/case series, 4 randomized controlled trials evaluating intraovarian platelet-rich plasma, and 14 preclinical or translational studies. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)—particularly adipose-derived (ADSCs), umbilical cord-derived (UC-MSCs), and menstrual blood-derived (MenSCs)—demonstrated consistent regenerative capacity via paracrine signaling, angiogenesis, anti-apoptosis, and immunomodulation. Clinical trials reported improved anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels, increased antral follicle counts, and documented pregnancies. However, direct intraovarian injection achieved poor cell retention (10–30% at 24 h; <5% at 7 days). Hydrogel platforms (alginate, hyaluronic acid, collagen, PEG) enhanced cell retention 5–10-fold, maintained viability >85%, and achieved superior functional outcomes in preclinical POI models. Decellularized ovarian extracellular matrix (OvaECM) hydrogels provided ovarian-specific biochemical cues not replicated by conventional biomaterials. Conclusions and Relevance: Current evidence supports the mechanistic rationale and early efficacy signals for hydrogel-encapsulated autologous stem cell therapy as a regenerative strategy for POI. Clinical translation of the hydrogel delivery modality remains limited to preclinical proof-of-concept, underscoring the need for Phase I/II combination trials. Standardized protocols, rigorous long-term follow-up, and regulatory engagement for this combination-product classification are essential for therapeutic advancement.
Background Blunt abdominal trauma remains to be a significant factor of surgical admissions in emergencies and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Factors like rapid urbanization, higher numbers of vehicles on roads, and occupation-related injuries have resulted in increased incidences of injuries, especially in developing nations. Knowledge of patterns of injury in a locality is crucial in improving the trauma care system. Objectives To assess the clinical outcomes, therapeutic strategies, organ involvement, mechanisms of injury, and demographic profile of patients who report with blunt abdominal trauma at a tertiary care facility. Methods An observational investigation was carried out on 70 individuals with blunt abdominal trauma at a tertiary care centre. Information related to demographics, mechanism of injury, presence of extra-abdominal injuries, involved organs, treatment methods, and mortality rates was gathered and analyzed in a descriptive manner. Results The sample size for this study comprised 70 individuals. 87.1% of the study sample consisted of males, thus resulting in a sex ratio of 6.8:1. Patients aged between 20 to 29 years comprised the largest age group (40%). Road traffic accidents emerged as the leading cause of injury (50%), with falls from height coming in second (41.4%). Surgery was done on 74.3% of the total patients whereas conservative treatment was applied in 25.7% of the cases. Extra-abdominal injuries were found in 22.9% of the total number of individuals, with chest and pelvic injuries being the most common. Splenic injuries turned out to be the commonest visceral injuries (20%), followed by jejunal (13.7%) and hepatic injuries (11.8%). Conclusion Most blunt abdominal injuries occur in younger male patients and are commonly due to road traffic accidents. Injuries to the spleen were the most frequent abdominal organ injuries identified. Prompt diagnosis, resuscitation, treatment by a multidisciplinary team, and prevention through public health measures remain vital.
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of Mulligan Mobilization with Movement (MWM) combined with Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF) techniques in improving pain and functional outcomes following arthroscopic triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) repair. Materials and Methods: Thirty patients aged 21–65 years who underwent arthroscopic TFCC repair were allocated into two groups: the Control group (n = 15) received the Wrist Sensorimotor Rehabilitation Program (WSRP), and the Experimental group (n = 15) received WSRP combined with Mulligan Mobilization with Movement and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation techniques. The intervention was conducted over a median duration of 90 days. Outcome measures included the Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) for pain assessment and the Patient-Rated Wrist and Hand Evaluation (PRWHE) for functional assessment. Within-group and between-group comparisons were analyzed using paired and independent t-tests. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The experimental group showed significantly greater reduction in NPRS scores (1.73 ± 0.79) compared to the control group (2.40 ± 0.63) (p = 0.002). Similarly, post-treatment PRWHE scores were significantly lower in the experimental group (14.5 ± 5.76) compared to the control group (21.6 ± 5.92) (p = 0.001). Conclusion: The addition of Mulligan Mobilization with Movement and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation to a wrist sensorimotor rehabilitation program significantly improves pain reduction and functional outcomes following arthroscopic TFCC repair. These findings support the inclusion of manual therapy and neuromuscular facilitation techniques in postoperative rehabilitation protocols.
Build orientation, or printing angulation, is among the most influential and most readily controllable parameters in the vat-photopolymerisation of dental prostheses, yet its optimisation remains inconsistent across applications. This narrative review synthesises current evidence on how printing angulation affects the dimensional accuracy of 3D-printed fixed dental prostheses, removable denture bases, occlusal devices, surgical guides, and diagnostic models. The literature was identified through a structured search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published up to 2026. Across prosthesis types, angulation acts through layer stair-stepping, support-structure placement, resin drainage, anisotropic polymerisation shrinkage, and post-curing behaviour, and its effect is consistently entangled with layer thickness, printer technology (stereolithography [SLA] versus digital light processing [DLP]), resin chemistry, and post-processing. No single angle is universally optimal: intermediate orientations (~45–60°) tend to favour fixed prostheses, technology- and arch-dependent optima apply to denture bases, shallow angles (0–30°) suit some occlusal-device systems, and near-vertical orientation (90°) improves surgical-guide sleeve geometry. The review highlights the methodological heterogeneity of the underlying in vitro evidence and argues that orientation should be selected deliberately and validated for each printer–resin combination, ideally with assessment after simulated clinical aging.
Traditional Indian knowledge systems are preserved across a vast corpus of Sanskrit literature, among which the Mahāpurāṇas occupy a unique position as repositories of religious, philosophical, cultural, and scientific knowledge. Although the Purāṇas are primarily regarded as theological and cosmological texts, they also contain significant references to health, physiology, dietetics, psychology, and preventive medicine. These references, however, remain scattered and largely unexplored from the perspective of Ayurvedic physiology (Kriyā Śarīra). The present study aims to identify, classify, and digitally organize Ayurvedic content embedded within the eighteen Mahāpurāṇas through the development of a structured digital corpus. Using textual analysis, semantic categorization, and corpus-development methodologies, references related to Pañcamahābhūta, Tridoṣa, Sapta Dhātu, Mala, Agni, Srotas, Prāṇa, Manas, Nidrā, Ātma, and other physiological concepts were systematically extracted and organized. The study demonstrates that the Purāṇas preserve a coherent framework of physiological knowledge that complements classical Ayurvedic literature while integrating cosmological, ethical, and spiritual dimensions of health. The resulting digital corpus contributes to the preservation of traditional knowledge and provides a foundation for future interdisciplinary research in Ayurveda, Sanskrit Studies, Indology, Artificial Intelligence, and Digital Humanities.
Background: Efficient postsurgical discomfort management is vital for better healing following laparoscopic lower abdominal procedures. Adjuvants may make the ultrasound-guided transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block, a crucial part of multimodal analgesia, more effective. Methods:This prospective, randomized, double-blind comparative study included patients undergoing laparoscopic lower abdominal surgeries under general anesthesia. Random assignments were made to two groups of sixty patients (n = 30 each) undergoing laparoscopic lower abdominal procedures while under general anaesthesia. Group D received 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine with dexamethasone (4 mg) and Group M received 20 mL of 0.2% ropivacaine with midazolam (2 mg) for the ultrasound-guided bilateral TAP block. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used to measure post-operative discomfort. Additionally assessed were hemodynamic parameters, total tramadol consumption, time to first rescue analgesia, Ramsay Sedation Score, and postsurgical nausea and vomiting (PONV). Results:The baseline demographic characteristics of the groups were comparable. At 6, 8, 12, 16, and 24 hours after surgery, Group M showed noticeably lower VAS scores. Group M had a pointedly longer mean time to first rescue analgesia than Group D (17.87 ± 2.92 vs. 16.27 ± 2.33 hours; p = 0.015). Group M had a significantly lower total tramadol requirement (63.33 ± 22.48 mg) than Group D (80.00 ± 28.16 mg; p = 0.012). PONV incidence was similar across groups, and hemodynamic parameters stayed constant. Conclusion: Midazolam provided superior postsurgical analgesia compared with dexamethasone, prolonging analgesic duration and reducing postsurgical analgesic requirements while maintaining an acceptable safety profile.
INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a pathophysiological condition that results in many metabolic disorders affecting carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Body composition particularly increased waist circumference is associated with higher BMI and lower Glycated Albumin (GA) levels. GA is a ketamine formed through the binding of albumin and glucose by a non-enzymatic glycation reaction. Glycated Albumin allows earlier detection of rapid changes in blood glucose over 2-3 weeks. METHODS: The study included 80 subjects aged between 20-40 years, 40 of them were obese (groupI) and 40 were apparently healthy individuals (groupII). Blood samples were collected in a red-capped vacutainer for Lipid profile and GA. Lipid Profile was measured using standard autoanalyzer-based kit methods and GA was measured using the ELISA method RESULTS: GA had a lower mean value in individuals with a BMI ≥30. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol were directly associated with a higher mean value of BMI. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Waist circumference (WC) which is a simple measurement of central obesity can identify the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases. As a consequence of the greater susceptibility to glycation of albumin and other plasma proteins compared to intracellular proteins such as hemoglobin, the blood levels of GA exhibit a broader fluctuation than those of HbAlc, thus allowing earlier detection of rapid changes in blood glucose. Our study findings concluded that subjects with central obesity had lower GA levels when compared with subjects without central obesity. These findings suggest that GA may detect early dysglycemia in non-obese individuals without derangement of the lipid profile.
Background: Aushadha Sevana Kala (the appropriate timing of medicine administration) is an important yet relatively underexplored principle of classical Ayurvedic therapeutics. Traditional Ayurvedic texts emphasize that the effectiveness of treatment depends not only on the medicinal substance itself but also on factors such as Agni (digestive and metabolic state), patient constitution, disease stage, and the timing of intervention. In parallel, contemporary biomedical disciplines such as chronopharmacology and Precision Medicine have highlighted the importance of biological timing and individual variability in determining therapeutic outcomes. Objective: This narrative review aims to critically examine the classical foundations of Aushadha Sevana Kala, explore its conceptual relationship with Agni, chronopharmacology, and Precision Medicine, and propose an integrative theoretical framework for understanding therapeutic timing in the context of personalized healthcare. Methods: A comprehensive narrative review and conceptual analysis of classical Ayurvedic literature and contemporary biomedical evidence were undertaken. The discussion adopts the principle of functional convergence, emphasizing shared clinical objectives between traditional and modern knowledge systems while avoiding unsupported claims of direct mechanistic or historical equivalence. Results: The review suggests that Aushadha Sevana Kala may be interpreted as a sophisticated clinical strategy for optimizing therapeutic outcomes through the coordinated consideration of metabolic readiness, biological timing, and patient individuality. Agni is reinterpreted as a systems-level representation of functional therapeutic readiness, chronopharmacology contributes to the dimension of temporal physiology, and Precision Medicine provides the framework of individualized therapeutic adaptation. Building upon these complementary perspectives, this review proposes the Agni–Chronopharmacology–Precision Medicine (ACP) Model, in which Aushadha Sevana Kala functions as the practical clinical interface integrating these three domains. Conclusion: The ACP Model offers a novel, hypothesis-generating framework that reinterprets a classical Ayurvedic therapeutic principle through the lens of contemporary personalized and time-sensitive healthcare. By adopting a non-reductionist approach based on conceptual overlap, the model provides a scientifically balanced conceptual bridge between Ayurveda and modern biomedical science and establishes a foundation for future interdisciplinary research in the emerging field of Evidence-Based Precision Ayurveda.
Skin closure is a critical component of orthopaedic surgery, influencing wound healing, postoperative recovery, patient comfort, and complication rates. Staples and nylon sutures are commonly used for skin closure; however, evidence regarding their comparative effectiveness remains inconclusive. To compare wound outcomes following the use of staples versus nylon sutures for skin closure in clean orthopaedic surgeries, with emphasis on wound healing rate, pain on removal, and cost effectiveness. A prospective randomized controlled trial was directed among 66 patients undergoing clean elective orthopaedic surgeries. Individuals were randomly allocated into two groups: Group A (staples, n=33) and Group B (nylon sutures, n=33). Patients were evaluated for wound healing, pain during removal using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), cost effectiveness, and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was executed using Student’s t-test and Chi-square test, with p<0.05 considered substantial. Patients treated with staples experienced significantly lower pain during removal. However, nylon sutures demonstrated superior wound healing outcomes and were significantly more cost effective. Delayed removal and postoperative dressing requirements were more frequent in the staples group, while surgical site infections occurred only among patients receiving staple closure. Although staples were associated with less pain during removal, nylon sutures provided better wound healing, greater cost effectiveness, and fewer postoperative complications. Nylon sutures may therefore be considered the preferred skin closure method in clean orthopaedic surgeries.
Hip fractures by fragility are a major cause of illness, disability, and healthcare burden among elderly individuals. Metabolic comorbidities such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension may adversely affect postoperative recovery, fracture healing, and functional outcomes following surgical treatment. To assess the functional and radiological outcomes of surgically treated fragility hip fractures in elderly patients and to assess the influence of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and comorbidity burden on postoperative recovery. A prospective observational cohort study was done at the Department of Orthopaedics, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute (MGMCRI), SBV Deemed University, Puducherry, from January 2024 to June 2025. Elderly patients aged ≥60 years with fragility hip fractures and diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension who underwent surgical treatment were enrolled. Functional outcomes were assessed using the University of California-Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Scale preoperatively and at 4, 8, and 12 weeks postoperatively. Comorbidity burden was evaluated using the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI), while radiological healing was assessed through serial radiographs. Twenty-eight patients completed follow-up. Functional recovery improved progressively after surgery; however, diabetic and hypertensive patients demonstrated poorer UCLA Activity Scale scores than their counterparts. Most patients achieved satisfactory radiological union by 12 weeks, whereas delayed union was observed predominantly among those with greater comorbidity burden. Perioperative complications occurred more frequently in patients with metabolic comorbidities. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and increased comorbidity burden were related with poorer functional recovery and less favourable radiological outcomes following fragility hip fracture surgery. Comprehensive perioperative optimization and multidisciplinary rehabilitation may improve outcomes in this high-risk population.
Purpose: This conceptual article looks at the implications of the rapid digitisation of education on pedagogical control, governance and accountability in higher education institutions in light of the emergence of the concept of artificial intelligence (AI). It addresses a basic question on how digital education is being governed in an environment where decision making for education is increasingly algorithmic. Methodology: The article is built on the interdisciplinary literature of digital education, educational governance and AI ethics to establish an integrative framework of algorithmic pedagogy governance. Discusses the dynamics of technological control and institutional accountability and faculty agency and how they are evolving in the era of AI in higher education. Findings: The article shows that algorithmic decisions and decisions made by institutions and authority as a profession have become misaligned, creating a governance breach. It presents four new and emerging forms of algorithmic pedagogy governance: technocratic, managerial, regulatory, and participatory. These models provide a basis for understanding how to regulate the use of AI in learning in various institutional and policy frameworks.These models help to understand how AI-based learning practice can be regulated in varying institutional and policy settings. Originality: The article adds to the theory by presenting a new perspective on AI in higher education, where it is not just a technological advancement but a governance and academic authority question. It builds on the idea of algorithmic pedagogy-governance and provides a conceptual framework to grasp the redistribution of authority, responsibility and ethical considerations in AI-supported digital education. Practical implicationsThe framework provides guidance for higher education leaders, policy makers, and academic institutions who are interested in responsibly adopting AI-supported digital education. It promotes awareness of the value of the protection of academic values, faculty autonomy, transparency and ethical responsibility in the management of algorithmic pedagogical systems. Social implicationsThe use of inclusive and values-based governance processes is emphasised as vital for educational equity, academic freedom and human accountability in ever more automated learning environments.
Background: Lumbar disc prolapse (LDP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders globally and a significant cause of radiculopathy, low back pain, and functional disability. Over the past few decades, Unilateral Biportal Endoscopic surgery (UBE) and Microendoscopic Discectomy (MED) have emerged as effective and widely practiced treatment options. Objectives: To compare the efficiency of the procedures, pain reduction, neurological improvement and complications between UBE and MED in patients with single-level lumbar disc prolapse. Methods: A prospective comparative study was conducted in 50 consecutive patients — 20 undergoing UBE and 30 undergoing MED — for symptomatic single-level lumbar disc prolapse at L4–L5 or L5–S1. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores at preoperative baseline and follow ups, neurological improvement, MacNab criteria at 1 year, complications & disc recurrence were compared between them. Results: UBE demonstrated significantly shorter mean operative time (60.0 ± 18.5 vs 90.0 ± 25.4 minutes; p = 0.001). VAS scores at 6 months (1.0 vs 1.5; p = 0.02) and 1 year (0.4 vs 0.8; p = 0.03) were significantly lower in the UBE group. Neurological improvement was 95% vs 86.67% (p = 0.38). MacNab Excellent outcomes at 1 year were achieved in 95% vs 76.67% of patients. Dural tear occurred in 5% vs 23.33% of cases. Recurrence was 5% vs 13.33%. Conclusion: The present study showed that UBE provides better clinical outcomes than MED across several important parameters, including operative duration, postoperative pain relief, neurological recovery, and complication rates, in patients undergoing surgery for lumbar disc prolapse.
Introduction: One of the most common endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age is PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome). It is associated with reproductive and metabolic dysfunctions. Despite the substantial burden of PCOS and comorbid existence of thyroid dysfunction in Western Uttar Pradesh, unanswered gaps in patient care still remain. The aim of the study was to identify relationship between thyroid profile (free T3, total T4, and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)) and BMI in PCOS patients. Methods: Our study was a 12-month observational study (n=126) of non-pregnant women aged 20-40 years diagnosed with PCOS according to the Rotterdam criteria. They were recruited from the Obstetrics and Gynecology Outpatient Department in Sharda Hospital, Greater Noida. We collected detailed clinical history, and free triiodothyronine (T3), total tetraiodothyronine (T4), and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were measured using VITROS Autoanalyzer. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated after recording height and weight. The student's t-test was used to calculate the mean, and the p-value was calculated using an independent sample t-test. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 25.0. p < 0.05 was considered significant. Results: PCOS patients were found to have a significantly high incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). TSH levels were significantly high in the obese group (4.58 ± 3.15) , 3.01 ± 1.75 uIU/mL in the normal BMI group and 3.84 ± 2.04 uIU/mL in the overweight group (p = 0.044*). There was no statistically significant difference between increasing BMI and free T3 and total T4. Conclusion: This study finds a strong association between a high level of TSH and overweight BMI in women with PCOS, indicating a high prevalence of subclinical hypothyroidism.
Ideas concerning truth and reality may be formulated by AI in the immediate future. Considering inroads it is making into tumultuous world of science, literature and politics, the ravages and fissures it is capable of inaugurating seems to be unending or at least unpredictable. Only one thing seems to be certain, we have to coexist with it and it has already ingrained our existence with its ravishing rhetoric. One of the most closely guarded territories of the human consciousness, the creative imagination the singular identifying mark of race of homo sapiens is no longer immune from the ravages wrought about by AI. This paper offers a penetrating analysis of the complex patterns, the syntax and semantics with which it seeks to unsettle the till now unassailable territory that had been defining territory and signature of being a human till the other day.
I would like to present a case of a 45 year old woman who came with complaints of facial swelling since last 3-4 weeks on the right side of the face near nose [Figure 1]. She had earlier undergone left hemithyroidectomy few years back. The patient complained of jaw pain, new onset headache, weakness and lethargy. Routine investigations were done and showed elevated serum calcium level of 14.8 mg/dl(normal range 8.8-10.8 mg/dl) and serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) level was 570.6 pg/ml (normal range 15-65 pg/ml) .
Introduction:Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a rare inherited skin disorder characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and mucous membranes, resulting in blister formation even after minimal trauma. Neonates affected by EB are highly vulnerable to complications such as pain, infection, feeding difficulties, nutritional deficiencies, and impaired skin integrity, often requiring intensive multidisciplinary care. This case report describes the clinical presentation, nursing management, and outcome of a female neonate with suspected EB admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) shortly after birth. Method:A female neonate born at 37 weeks of gestation through spontaneous vaginal delivery presented on the first day of life with extensive skin peeling, multiple bullous lesions, oral mucosal ulceration, nail dystrophy, feeding difficulties, and transient respiratory distress. The infant was closely monitored by the healthcare team and received comprehensive supportive care. Nursing interventions included non-invasive respiratory support, meticulous wound care, nutritional support through orogastric feeding, pain management, thermoregulation, infection prevention, and parental counseling. During hospitalization, the neonate developed methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sepsis, which was successfully managed with intravenous antibiotics. Additional complications included hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy, electrolyte imbalance, and poor oral feeding due to mucosal involvement. Results:A structured nursing care plan focused on maintaining skin integrity, preventing secondary infections, ensuring adequate hydration and nutrition, managing pain, and providing family-centered care contributed to gradual clinical improvement. By the fifteenth day of life, the infant was hemodynamically stable, maintaining adequate oxygen saturation in room air, and tolerating enteral feeds. The neonate was discharged with healing skin lesions and advice for regular follow-up. Conclusion:This case highlights the vital role of specialized neonatal nursing care in the management of infants with epidermolysis bullosa. Early multidisciplinary intervention, meticulous supportive care, and active parental involvement were instrumental in improving the infant’s clinical outcome and preparing the family for ongoing care at home.
Workers in manufacturing industries are often exposed to ergonomics-related injury risks, such as lifting heavy items, bending, reaching overhead, pushing and pulling heavy loads, working in awkward body postures, and performing the same or similar tasks repetitively. Based on twenty-four interviews of each section of 6 out of 24 workers conducted in various sectors of manufacturing, it is evident that adequate attention is not given to their physical postures of employees while they work and these results in loss of productivity and those irregular postures are responsible for the musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) developed. This study aims to discuss about the study on efficacy of an ergonomic intervention among sitting workers and ergonomic way of working by using Rapid Upper Limb Analysis (RULA) and Rapid upper limb assessment after ergonomical interventions. This study also provides recommendations and ergonomic solutions for industries to enhance personnel awareness of ergonomics-related risk factors, alleviate muscle fatigue, increase productivity, and reduce the number and severity of work-related MSDs.
Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterised by systemic inflammation, joint destruction, and impaired quality of life. Yoga is increasingly recognised as a beneficial complementary therapy for RA; however, standardised, validated yoga protocols specifically designed for early RA remain lacking in the literature. Objectives: To develop and validate a novel combinatorial yoga protocol for patients with early RA using a modified Delphi approach and Content Validity Ratio (CVR) methodology. Methods: An initial pool of 22 yoga practices was identified through systematic literature review and classical yogic texts. A panel of eight subject matter experts (five with expertise in yoga research, three in Ayurveda; mean clinical and teaching experience 12.125 years; range 5–20 years) evaluated each practice using Lawshe’s three-point scale. The CVR was calculated for each practice using the formula CVR = (Ne − N/2)/(N/2), where N = 8 and N/2 = 4. Practices with CVR ≥ 0.500 (corresponding to at least 6 of 8 experts rating a practice as essential) were retained. The Scale-level Content Validity Index (S-CVI) was calculated as the mean CVR of all retained practices. Results: Of the 22 practices evaluated, 11 met the retention criterion (CVR ≥ 0.500) and were included in the final protocol. Anuloma Viloma Pranayama achieved unanimous expert consensus (CVR = 1.000; all 8 experts rated it essential), followed by Yogic Sukshma Vyayama, Pavanmuktasana, and Shavasana (CVR = 0.750 each; 7/8 experts). The S-CVI of the validated 11-practice protocol was 0.614, indicating good content validity. The final protocol is structured as a 45-minute daily session conducted five days per week. Conclusion: This study presents a systematically developed and content-validated yoga protocol for early RA, with an S-CVI of 0.614 indicating good validity by expert consensus. The protocol is standardised, reproducible, and ready for evaluation in a randomised controlled trial currently in progress. This work addresses a critical gap in the yoga-RA literature.
Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major global health challenge driven by the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms, reducing the effectiveness of existing therapies. This has created an urgent need for novel antimicrobial agents. Among heterocyclic compounds, 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives have attracted significant attention due to their broad biological activities and promising antimicrobial potential. Objectives: To design, synthesize, characterize, and evaluate novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives as potential antimicrobial agents using a microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis, and to assess their binding affinity through molecular docking. Methods: Three novel derivatives 2-(dimethylamino)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (NEO), N,N-diethyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-amine (NDO), and 4-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)morpholine (NMO) were synthesized via a microwave-assisted one-pot method. The compounds were characterized by TLC, UV–Vis, FTIR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and mass spectrometry. Molecular docking was performed against a selected microbial target protein. Results: The synthesized compounds were obtained in good yields and confirmed by spectroscopic analysis. Molecular docking revealed favorable binding affinities and stable interactions with key active-site residues. Among the derivatives, NMO exhibited the highest docking score, indicating superior antimicrobial potential. Conclusion: Microwave-assisted one-pot synthesis provides a rapid, efficient, and eco-friendly approach for preparing novel 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives. The synthesized compounds, particularly NMO, demonstrated promising molecular docking results and warrant further biological and pharmacokinetic evaluation.
