The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) is transforming the tourism industry, requiring tourism villages to strengthen their human resource capabilities in order to remain competitive while preserving local cultural values. This study aims to develop a comprehensive Human Resource Development (HRD) framework that supports the digital transformation of Indonesian tourism villages in the AI era. A sequential explanatory mixed-methods design was employed by combining quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to 215 tourism village workers across Java and Bali, while qualitative data were obtained from 15 semi-structured interviews with village leaders and three Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving tourism stakeholders. The findings reveal substantial gaps in digital competence and AI readiness, with only 18% of respondents reporting prior exposure to AI technologies and 82% demonstrating low-to-moderate digital literacy. Qualitative analysis further identified concerns regarding workforce displacement, the importance of community-based learning, and the need for locally contextualized training programs. Based on these findings, this study proposes a four-pillar HRD framework consisting of digital literacy and AI awareness, contextualized training programs, collaborative learning models, and continuous monitoring and evaluation. The proposed framework provides a culturally responsive and scalable strategy to enhance workforce adaptability, foster sustainable tourism development, and strengthen the resilience of Indonesian tourism villages in the era of AI-driven transformation.
This study systematically examines the evolution of Business Process Reengineering (BPR) research and its integration with business model innovation from 2015 to 2025. It aims to analyze how BPR supports organizational transformation, strengthens digital capabilities, and creates value through business model operationalization. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) was conducted on 197 peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus using the keywords “business process reengineering”, “business process”, “reengineering” and “business model”. The review followed the PRISMA framework, while Biblioshiny and VOSviewer were employed for bibliometric analysis and visualization. The findings reveal four stages in the evolution of BPR research. The first stage (2015–2017) emphasized information technology integration and project management to improve process efficiency. The second stage (2018–2020) focused on technology-driven applications, including the Internet of Things (IoT) and supply chain optimization. The third stage (2021–2022) highlighted blockchain, digital twins, and sector-specific innovations in public services and banking. The latest stage (2023–2025) is characterized by AI and machine learning-enabled BPR, supporting intelligent process redesign and customer-centric transformation within the Industry 4.0 context. This study contributes by systematically linking BPR evolution with business model operationalization frameworks, including SDBMOM, ARPM, and the Compass Method, demonstrating how process transformation drives strategic value creation. The findings also show BPR’s contribution to the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 8, 9, and 12 through enhanced productivity, innovation, and sustainable production. Future research should examine long-term organizational impacts and cross-sector implementation of AI-enabled BPR.
This study examines Malaysia’s strategic response to the 25% tariff imposed by the United States on Malaysian exports and analyses how a small open economy adapts to escalating trade and geopolitical uncertainty. Using a conceptual qualitative approach based on academic literature policy documents and a review of ninety English language newspaper articles the study explores the immediate economic impact government responses diplomatic negotiations and post tariff adaptation strategies. The findings indicate that Malaysia responded through inter agency coordination regional cooperation via ASEAN and bilateral engagement with the United States resulting in tariff reductions and opportunities to negotiate exemptions for strategic sectors including electrical and electronics while maintaining national priorities related to palm oil and halal products. The study demonstrates that policy flexibility institutional coordination and strategic diplomacy strengthened Malaysia’s economic resilience despite persistent external uncertainty. These findings contribute to the literature on trade policy adaptation and support Sustainable Development Goal 8 on decent work and economic growth and Sustainable Development Goal 17 on partnerships for sustainable development by highlighting the importance of international cooperation and resilient trade governance.
The development of sustainable coastal tourism is essential for promoting regional growth while preserving marine ecosystems. Emissions of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) are a primary cause of global warming, which disturbs the balance of marine ecosystems and threatens biodiversity. This research proposes a model to reduce GHG levels through Mangrove Planting and Nutrient Waste Management in coastal zones, which serve as the main control strategies for addressing the environmental challenges. The proposed model develops previous marine ecosystem models by incorporating an additional oxygen variable, so that the system can represent marine environmental conditions more comprehensively. As a result, the model includes five main components, atmospheric GHG concentration, rising temperatures, plankton and fish populations, and oxygen levels in seawater. Its goal is to maintain a healthy marine environment with moderate temperatures, low acidity, sufficient oxygen, and adequate food sources. Simulation results show that implementing control measures over 20 years can reduce GHG growth and help stabilize marine temperatures. The results also indicate that the inclusion of oxygen dynamics provides a broader ecological perspective in evaluating the effectiveness of the control strategies. This ecosystem-based management model provides a practical approach to climate change mitigation and supports environmental sustainability efforts. Furthermore, the research offers a scientific foundation for coastal tourism policies that prioritize ecosystem protection and sustainable destination development. The findings align with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially climate action (SDG 13) and life below water (SDG 14), and contribute to evidence-based strategies for managing coastal tourism and environmental resilience.
This research investigates the impact of sustainability initiatives and financial variables on Return on Assets (ROA) in Southeast Asian energy companies. The study analyzes the relationships between Renewable Energy Investment (REITI), Carbon Emission Disclosure (TCED), Fiscal Incentives for Renewable Energy Investment (FIREI), Green Financing (GFTF), and Green Energy Market Demand Growth (GEMDG), alongside financial variables like Debt-to-Equity Ratio (DER) and Dividend Payout Ratio (DPR). Using regression analysis, the research finds that REITI negatively affects ROA, while TCED positively correlates with it. Surprisingly, FIREI is negatively associated with ROA, suggesting market distortions or a focus on long-term investments. GFTF and GEMDG do not exhibit significant direct effects on ROA, and DER consistently shows a negative impact on ROA with a nuanced moderating role. DPR, however, lacks significant influence on ROA. These findings highlight the complex dynamics between sustainability efforts and financial performance, emphasizing the need for strategic financial management and careful evaluation of policy instruments to align long-term sustainability goals with financial outcomes.
