Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most widely farmed fish species globally, contributing significantly to nutrition and economic growth, particularly in developing regions. This study examined the effects of diets containing 5%, 7% and 10% fish meal on the growth performance of O. niloticus under controlled aquaculture conditions for 90 days. Fish that fed a 10% fish meal diet (T3) had the best growth performance as compared to other treatment groups. The T3 group showed a significant increase in body weight and body length, which were significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to control, T1 and T2 groups (178.92%, 97.64% and 120.96% respectively). This significant improvement in body weight and length illustrates that a 10% of fish meal inclusion rate has been the optimal point of growth efficiency of Nile tilapia, presumably because it increases protein supply and nutrient utilization. The proximate analysis of Nile tilapia also indicate that the high concentration of moisture (80.77 ± 0.81), ash (4.28 ± 0.07), crude fat (3.29 ± 0.11) and Crude Protein (63.06 ± 0.56) was recorded in T3 among the other diet treatments. The results suggest that moderate fish meal supplementation can enhance growth level and sustainable aquaculture production.
Jasminum sambac and Jasminum grandiflorum, two jasmine species, have diverse applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. This study was designed to assess the antioxidant, antidiabetic, bactericidal, and hemolytic properties of aqueous leaf extracts of Jasminum sambac and Jasminum grandiflorum. The antioxidant activity, total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) were evaluated by recognized protocols. The antidiabetic potential was evaluated through α-amylase inhibition assay. Hemolytic and bactericidal activities were investigated using hemolysis and well diffusion assays. Furthermore, molecular fingerprinting was performed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. TPC was found to be 30.64 ± 2.96 mg GAE/100 g and 28.28 ± 3.73 mg GAE/100 g for J. sambac and J. grandiflorum, respectively, with no significant difference between the two species (p>0.05). However, J. grandiflorum had a significantly higher TFC (163.93 ± 6.46 mg CE/100 g) compared to J. sambac (144.30 ± 9.55 mg CE/100 g) (p<0.05). Similarly, J. grandiflorum exhibited higher DPPH free radical scavenging activity (58.31 ± 0.24%) compared to J. sambac (47.22 ± 4.65%) (p<0.05). It showed negligible bactericidal activity against S. aureus and mild activity against E. coli. The J. sambac and J. grandiflorum extracts exhibited 39.26% and 34.66% α-amylase inhibition, respectively. J. sambac and J. grandiflorum exhibited 8.24% and 1.55% hemolysis, respectively. Molecular fingerprinting revealed the presence of alcohols, carboxylic acids, phenols, alkanes, alkenes, esters, ethers, amides, amines and, aromatic compounds. These results underscore the therapeutic attributes of J. sambac and J. grandiflorum leaves, providing valuable insights into phytochemistry and potential health benefits.
Allelochemicals found in plants are gaining favor as biostimulants and alternative growth regulators in agriculture. Withania coagulans and Cassia fistula are known to produce numerous secondary metabolites, such as phenolic compounds, that can regulate seed germination and seedling growth. This study investigated the allelopathic effects of aqueous extracts from Withania coagulans seeds and Cassia fistula fruits on turnip germination and seedling growth. Laboratory experiments were conducted using extract concentrations of 0, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, and 80 g/L. Therefore, this paper hypothesized that low concentrations would induce growth in a hormetic manner, whereas higher levels would inhibit it. Results revealed a hormetic response, where lower concentrations of W. coagulans extract (2.5 and 5 g/L) significantly increased root length (41.5% and 24.3%, respectively), root fresh weight (by 72.5% and 63.5%), and shoot fresh weight (by 59.5%), while reducing mean emergence time, and time to 50% emergence compared to the control. Higher concentrations (10-80 g/L) inhibited germination, with complete inhibition observed at 40 and 80 g/L. C. fistula extracts exhibited more complex interactions, with the 40 and 80 g/L concentrations enhancing shoot length and fresh weight, and 80 g/L also increased germination percentage. Phenolic compounds such as quercetin, ferulic acid, gallic acid, and p-coumaric acid identified in both extracts may contribute to these effects. This study demonstrates the hormetic effect of the W. coagulans and suggests that low concentrations (2.5-5 g/L), particularly (2.5 g/L), may serve as a natural growth enhancer to improve turnip growth and yield.
Metabolism of enzymes is the basic biological process that plays an essential role in the existence of all species. As enzymes are proteins in nature, they catalyze the chemical reaction. They play a crucial role in the metabolic process of all organisms, for example: plants, animals, microorganisms, and humans, and mostly find their application in microbial technology and their diagnosis process. Any alteration or abnormality in the metabolic system of enzymes may lead to a large number of metabolic disorders. A lot of disorders associated with the components of the metabolic system of the enzyme are now used as special markers for the diagnosis of diseases in clinical studies. In this review article, we havebriefly discussed the introduction and mechanism of enzyme action with the diagnostic applications of enzymes that act as markers for disease diagnosis like it act as biosensors in disease diagnosis, used in the immune system, in the diagnosis of pathology, used in immunoassay and it may also act as a therapeutic agent in the diagnosis of disease.
This study aimed to find potential genes that could serve as biomarkers for the diagnosis, prognosis, or targeted therapy of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). Two expression profiles, GSE36895 and GSE53757, were taken from Gene Expression Omnibus. Differentially regulated genes (DRGs) between clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) and normal tissues were identified using GEO2R. The analysis yielded 409 upregulated and 125 downregulated genes (adjusted p-value < 0.05, |log2FC| ± 2). Functional annotation and KEGG pathway enrichment, performed using the DAVID database. The results indicated significant involvement of these genes in pathways closely related to the pathophysiology of ccRCC. These include the PI3K-Akt signaling, metabolic processes, and cell cycle regulation. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis was constructed using GeneMANIA and visualized with Cytoscape. Module analysis was performed with the MCODE plugin. Based on network connectivity and biological relevance, twelve hub genes were identified. These hub genes were further analyzed for expression and prognostic relevance using UALCAN and GEPIA, both based on TCGA data. Prognostic analysis revealed that six genes, SLC22A2, TMEM174, ANGPTL3, SMIM24, AOX1, and FYB2, were significantly associated with better overall survival in ccRCC patients (log-rank p < 0.05; HR<1). In contrast, high expression of TMEM45A was linked to poor prognosis (log-rank p < 0.05; HR >1). Overall, the study findings highlight novel gene candidates with potential clinical significance. The identified hub genes may serve as prognostic indicators and possible therapeutic targets, contributing to improved clinical management of ccRCC in the future.
The current study focuses on the biodegradation of disperse textile dyes and studies enzymes involved in degradation process. Various textile dyes are used in textile industry to dye different fabrics and polyesters. During the dyeing process, most of the dyes are not adsorbed and washed into the wastewater which affects the marine system and, ultimately, human health. Microorganisms like white rot fungi (WRF) have great potential of biodegradation of dyestuffs due to their active, nonspecific lignolytic catalytic systems. In this study, the white-rot fungi Trametes gibbosa was employed. The targeted disperse dyes were Disperse Blue-I and Disperse Red-I which are widely used in textile industries. The fungus were cultured on different media, and various biochemical parameters were optimized. Maximum growth of T. gibbosa was observed under optimized biochemical conditions (30 oC temperature, pH 6, 2% carbon source, 1% inoculum size and media peptone dextrose agar (PDA)). The decolonization process was optimized by using different concentrations of disperse dyes and wastewater. T. gibbosa show maximum degradation after 6 days incubation against disperse Red1 and disperse Blue1at the concentration of 0.02% (absorbance of 1.56 to 2.98), 0.01% (absorbance 0.22 to 2.87), respectively. The fungus showing maximum degradation at 2% wastewater concentration, with absorbance values ranging from 0.61 to 0.84. The addition of readily available carbon and nitrogen sources further enhanced the degradation efficiency. The overall efficiency of fungi was found to be more than 80%. The study concluded that T. gibbosa is a potential microorganism for the treatment of industrial effluents. The fungus also has potential for the production of active degrading enzymes such as laccase and lignin peroxidase. Further research is recommended to overexpress these enzymes, used purified enzymes to biodegrade diverse textile harmful and carcinogenic industrial effluents.
A pot experiment was conducted at the Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA), Tarnab, Peshawar to increase the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) growth and yield parameters by using different phosphatic fertilizers alone and in combination with organic source (FYM). Twelve treatments of inorganic and organic sources in sole or mixed ratios including control were applied in completely randomize design with three replications. Highly significant differences were noted for all the studied parameters except the harvest index. The soil used for the experiment was clay loam, alkaline in nature with lime content of 12.82% and low organic matter contents of 0.76%. The total nitrogen, extractable P and K were 0.13%, 2.89 mg kg-1, and 88 mg kg-1, respectively. Statistical analysis of the data showed that triple superphosphate (60 kg P) integrated with farm yard manure (5 t ha-1) significantly enhanced the plant height (61.76 cm), number of tillers pot-1 (13), spike length (6.81 cm), number of grains spike-1 (73), thousand grains weight (40.67 g), grain yield (33.60 g pot-1), and biological yield (69.50 g pot-1) of wheat plants. Chemical analysis of the wheat plants showed the significant effect of combined use of TSP and FYM (5 t ha-1) on plant P concentration in grains and straws, which was 0.50% and 0.17%, respectively. Whereas the maximum P uptake of 168.17 g pot-1 and 62.84 g pot-1 in grains and straws was recorded. It is suggested that the combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic manures could increase the growth and yield of crops under sustainable agriculture.
Rabies is an infectious but preventable disease with proper vaccination. Pre-exposure prophylaxis means using medications or vaccines against a given pathogen in people who have not yet been exposed to the given pathogen. Post-exposure prophylaxis means the use of medications in people who are exposed to a certain pathogen. This study aimed to evaluate the seroconversion of anti-rabies IgG antibodies following the administration of the Indigenous rabies vaccine. For this purpose, n=150 individuals were enrolled with 20% in the pre-exposure prophylaxis group (PrEPG) and 80% in the post-exposure prophylaxis group (PEPG). The PEPG is further categorized into 3 different sub-groups [(2-15), (15-45), (>45) years] according to their ages. Indirect ELISA was used for the detection of antibodies IgG in serum samples. Seroconversion level revealed that the local vaccine used is effective in inducing immunity in individuals with OD values ranging from 0.76-≥2.92 about positive control OD values.
The present study was designed to assess the potential health benefits of Berberis lycium and Solanum surattense by evaluating their phytochemical content, and their biological activities, including antioxidant and anticancer potential. The antioxidant capacity of the extracts was assessed by using the DPPH radical scavenging assay, with IC50 values calculated to compare their relative antioxidant strength. The MTT assay measured cytotoxicity towards human prostate cancer cells (PC3). B. lycium exhibited significantly higher total phenolic content (193.83 ± 3.93 mg GAE/g) and total flavonoid content (37.47 ± 0.37 mg QE/g) compared to S. surattense (50.69 ± 3.53 mg GAE/g and 19.41 ± 0.33 mg QE/g, respectively), suggesting a rich profile of antioxidant compounds in B. lycium. Consistent with these findings, B. lycium extract exhibited significantly stronger DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 4.10 ± 0.06 µg/mL) followed by S. surattense extract (IC50 = 4.43 ± 0.11 µg/mL). Therefore, B. lycium could act as a potential source of antioxidant compounds for isolating new antioxidant molecules through bioassay-guided fractionation. Cytotoxic evaluation of B. lycium and S. surattense against human prostate cancer cells (PC3) was performed using the MTT assay. Results revealed significant cytotoxic effect of S. surattense (IC50 = 42.01±1.31µg/mL) compared with the standard drug Doxorubicin (IC50 = 14.13±2.08µg/mL). Berberis lycium showed weak cytotoxic effect (IC50 = 309.06±3.55 µg/mL). The results demonstrated an active anti-proliferative role of S. surattense extracts on human prostate cancer cells which suggests the use of this plant as a novel targeted therapy in human prostate cancer.
This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of two commercial multispecies probiotic mixtures in dietry feed on length-weight relationships (LWRs) of the commercially important catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. For this, eighty healthy fishes (13.02g ± 1.22) were assigned to four experimental groups, i.e. control group (T0), treatment 1 (T1), treatment 2 (T2) and treatment 3 (T3), with two replicates for each group and raised into experimental cemented ponds (3 ft x 1.5 ft) with 20 fishes in each experimental group. Fishes in T0 (control group) were fed a commercial diet without probiotics, T1 consumed a diet supplemented with Probiotic-A (mixture of Bacillus megaterium and B. licheniformis), T2 was fed a diet enriched with amino peptide juice prepared by using Probiotic-B (mixture of B. amyloliquefaciens, B. subtilis and B. valismortis). In contrast, fishes reared in T3 fed upon a diet same as T2 but on alternative day for 60 days. The experimental diets were manually given to the fish at a rate of 3% by body weight. The total length and weight of each fish specimen were calculated at the end of the feeding trial. The data were examined using the linear regression equation of Log W = Log a + b Log L. All treatments showed a strong correlation between fish length and weight (p < 0.001, range of r2 = 0.601-0.988). The slope (b-values) for P. hypophthalmus were 2.806 (negative allometric growth), 3.138 (positive allometric growth), 2.959 (isometric growth) and 2.690 (negative allometric growth) for T0, T1, T2, and T3 respectively. The results of LWRs in the current study indicate that the application of different probiotics mixtures mainly Bacillus megaterium and B. licheniformis, significantly influenced the growth pattern of P. hypophthalmus.
This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic resistance among the bacteria isolated from the makeup products of two salons. This study has significant importance as it raises the overlooked issue of antibiotic resistance in cosmetic products and the mode of transmission of antibiotic resistance from one person to another by using shared make-up products in salons. 20 samples of all the make-up items (face powder, primers, contour, blush-on, lipsticks, lip-gloss, eye-liner, eye-shadow, and mascara) were collected from salons in Lahore and Shakargarh, Pakistan. The microbial load reported in samples exceeded the threshold limit set by the Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety, and Food and Drug Administration Authority. Then, the antibiotic resistance of all strains was assessed using the different stock concentrations and Muller-Hinton Agar. The highest resistance of 14.29% was reported against fluoroquinolone,11.90% for Tetracycline,9.52% for chloramphenicol, 2.38% to Gentamycin, and no resistance was observed against neomycin and streptomycin. From all biochemical tests, the tentatively identified strains include Staphylococcus aureus, Shigella sp., Enterococcus sp., Neisseria sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus sp., and Citrobacter sp. Among the antibioticresistant strains, the IntI 1 gene was detected in two strains, then these strains were identified by the Sanger sequencing method and these strains included Acinetobacter shindleri with accession number PP978765 and Enterobacter cloacae with accession number PP978766. From the results, it can also be concluded that these strains exhibit IntI 1 gene-mediated resistance. There is an urgent need to tackle the growing issue of resistance to cosmetic products. This study highlights the importance of raising awareness among people and calls for stricter hygiene regulations in salons and the cosmetic industry to ensure safety and quality.
The analysis of variance demonstrated a significant (P<0.05) effect of various phosphorous rates on sunflower. The application was comprised of different phosphorous rates, i.e., P=0 kg ha-1 (control), P=42 kg ha-1 (30% < Recommended), P=48 kg ha-1 (20% < Recommended), P=60 kg ha-1 (recommended), P=72 kg ha-1 (20% > Recommended), and P=78 kg ha-1 (30% > Recommended). Statistical analysis showed that varying phosphorous rates significantly impacted sunflower growth and yield when compared to the control level of 0.00 kg ha-1. The test revealed that adding 78 kg ha-1 (30% more than recommended) of phosphorous resulted in the highest plant height (170.59 ± 1.261a), stem girth cm (8.80 ±0.138a), head diameter (cm) plant-1 (8.80 ±0.138a), seeds head-1 (2013.7 ± 2.292a), seed index (1000-seed weight, g) (62.42 ± 0.223a), highest seed weight head-1 (g), (82.54 ± 1.494a), seed yield (kg ha-1) (2401.7 ± 9.643a), and the oil content % (42.49 ± 0.363a). However, phosphorous 0 kg ha-1 (control) demonstrated the minimum results and was observed with plant height cm 146.67 ±0.950e, stem girth 4.78 ±0.152e cm, head diameter (cm) 30.99 ± 0.633e cm, seeds head-1 (1105.7 ± 0.633e), seed index (1000-seeds weight) (41.55 ± 0.696e), seed weight head-1 (g) (62.06 ± 1.115e), and oil content of (32.96 ± 1.644e). The experiment's results demonstrated that a phosphorous rate of 72 kg/ha (20% more than recommended) was suitable for achieving the maximum sunflower yield, as there were no significant differences when the phosphorous level was increased to 78 kg/ha (30% more than recommended).
The persistent issue of work overload (WO) among university employees, particularly teaching faculty, may adversely impact their dietary choices, physical and mental well-being. This study aimed to analyze the impact of WO on the dietary habits (DH), sleep quality (SQ) and psychophysical well-being (PSYPHY) of the university employees. In this cross-sectional study, data was collected from 121 university professionals in different private sector universities in Pakistan to access WO, SQ, DH and PSYPHY via structured questionnaires. Study findings concluded that there was a significant strong negative association of WO with DH, SQ and PSYPHY of participants. Hence, increase in WO has decreased the (healthy) DH, SQ and PSYPHY of university employees.
Malaria is a mosquito-borne disease caused by several Plasmodium species. It poses a substantial global health burden, infecting approximately 300 million individuals and resulting in over one million mortalities annually. The primary mode of infection occurs through the transmission of sporozoites by infected mosquitoes during blood feeding. Historically, quinine and chloroquine were employed as antimalarial agents during World War II, but the emergence of drug resistance, exacerbated by climate change and irregular treatment adherence, has necessitated the identification of novel therapeutic alternatives. Antimalarial drug resistance has been reported in Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, with varying degrees in different geographical regions. This study aimed to discover alternative drugs by targeting PfEMP1, a key protein that is involved in cytoadhesion and implicated in malaria pathogenesis. Inhibition of the active sites of this protein would result in the disruption of the parasite’s lifecycle. Through insilico drug analysis, four potential inhibitors of PfEMP1 were identified: vancomycin, ofloxacin, febuxostat, and viomycin. Further experimental validation is required to confirm the efficacy of these compounds as alternative treatments for malaria.
Food samples containing Staphylococcus aureus pose a serious health risk. This study aimed to examine the prevalence of S. aureus strains in various food samples sourced from Mailsi and Multan. Many food samples including yogurt, bakery products, and raw and cooked food were examined for S. aureus. The isolated strains were confirmed through Mannitol agar fermentation, catalase, coagulase, and urease tests. Hemolysis on blood agar and biofilm formation were also assessed to determine toxin production. Antibiotic sensitivity testing was conducted using the Kirby Bauer method on MH agar, and multiple antibiotics were tested. Out of all samples, a total of 50 S. aureus strains were obtained, mainly from milk and milk-based products. Yellow colonies on mannitol salt agar confirmed S. aureus presence, with all isolates testing positive for coagulase, catalase, and urease. The presence of hemolysins: beta, gamma, and alpha were revealed by hemolysis assays. Biofilm assay results showed variation among the strains, with some categorized as strong, moderate, or weak biofilm formers. Regarding antibiotic sensitivity, most strains exhibited multidrug resistance, particularly against certain antibiotics. Vancomycin showed varying susceptibility patterns, some strains showed susceptibility and intermediate resistance, whereas only milk samples showed resistance. This study emphasizes the prevalence of MDR S. aureus strains in food samples. The study underscores the significance of antimicrobial stewardship programs and stringent food safety measures in preventing the spread of antibiotic-resistant strains and reducing foodborne illnesses. Further research is needed to explore the mechanisms behind antibiotic resistance and toxin production in S. aureus strains from food samples.
Plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) or plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are bacteria that exist in the rhizospheres of plant soil and form symbiotic relationships with the plant.Some of the methods through which PGPR aid in plant growth is by playing a role in nitrogen fixation, phosphate solubilization, iron chelation, reduction of heavy metal uptake by plant, reducing spread of plant diseases, secretion of phytohormones, significantly influencing root morphology and growth and by increasing the bio-availability of nutrients in the soil. One way to develop methods to cultivate this crop by using sustainable methods that can also increase the quality and yield of this crop is by treating the seeds of this plant with PGPB. In this study we examined the potential impact of bacteria, isolated from contaminated soil, on plant development and growth promotion. Our study aimed to isolate and characterize these bacteria and, after treatment of the seeds of Triticum aestivum with each of the bacterial isolates, test their ability to positively influence the growth of Triticum aestivum. After isolation and purification of the bacterial strains via quadrant streaking, we performed microscopic analysis and biochemical tests on the bacterial isolates which were thus identified to be Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas spp. We compared the growth of the seeds treated with each bacterial isolate with that of the control. The parameters that were taken into account and compared were root and stem length and the number of leaves, branches and roots. E.coli increased the steam and root length of wheat whereas, S.aureus increased the number of branches but it decreased the root length. While Pseudomonas spp. increased the stem and root length and increased the number of branches. Hence, Pseudomonas spp. was the most effective boosting more aspects of wheat growth in comparison to E.coli and S.aureus.
For the recent upsurge in the cases of conjunctivitis particularly in Punjab, Pakistan has reached an alarming level. Till September 2023, almost 395,929 cases have been reported only in Punjab because of such an endemic condition schools have been temporarily closed. About 17000 cases were reported alone in Bahawalpur nearly doubling the figures from the previous month but currently, the epicenter of the break is Lahore as the recent outbreaks have also been seen worldwide like Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan, Brazil, and India. The primary cause of the epidemic is coxsackievirusA24 confirmed through genomic analysis. Coxsackievirus A24 is a non-enveloped, positive-stranded RNA virus which produces a polyprotein that forms a structural and non-structural component. This is responsible for acute hemorrhage conjunctivitis which is a viral disease and can spread rapidly as the virus belongs to a highly contagious genotype 4. Its symptoms are redness, pain, irritation discharge from the eye, and light sensitivity with an incubation period of 24 to 48 hours. Transmission can occur through hand-to-eye and eye-to-hand contact of the infected person as well as through contaminated surfaces. As the virus has the belated to evolved rapidly preventive measures are a necessity which include prevention from touching the eyes, practicing regular hand washing, cleaning contact lenses frequently, avoiding the sharing of personal items and using protective eyewear.
Nanotechnology-based delivery systems hold immense potential to revolutionize antiviral therapy by providing efficient mechanisms of gene delivery systems. Nanoparticles, with their specific characteristics and various properties, offer intriguing potential for improving the efficacy and specificity of antiviral therapies. Viral infection in a host cell triggers a range of host immune responses to prevent viral invasion through the activity of different antiviral proteins. Among these proteins, viperin plays a crucial role in the host's innate immune response against a broad range of viral diseases. Despite its promise, challenges with the delivery and expression of viperin in host cells, restrict its therapeutic application. This review investigates nanoparticle-based gene delivery systems as a potential approach for enhancing viperin activity. Nanoparticles offer a diverse platform for the targeted delivery of therapeutic genes such as viperin, improving efficacy while reducing off-target consequences. Viperin's encapsulation within nanoparticles protects it from degradation, resulting in efficient delivery to target cells and stimulating its antiviral activity. This highlights the latest advances in applications of nanoparticle design and engineering strategies for viperin delivery, including as lipid-based nanoparticles, polymeric nanoparticles, chitosan and carbon-based nanoparticles. These nanocarriers offer precise control over viperin distribution, release dynamics, and cellular absorption, enhancing viperin's therapeutic potential against viral infections. So, the current approach can use a nanoparticle-based gene delivery system to improve antiviral therapies by employing viperin's diverse properties in dealing with a wide variety of viral diseases.
Numerous studies have reported the polymorphisms in miR-196a2, miR-499 and miR-146a were associated with different types of cancers. However, the results have been inconsistent and varied. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis with the addition of the latest articles to explain the effect of these polymorphisms on Prostate (PCa) and Gastric cancer (GC). A total of 27 articles were recruited after a thorough literature analysis by two independent authors under the PRISMA guidelines in which 7 studies were related to PCa and 20 studies were of GC. We used STATA for performing the meta-analysis. The results from our analysis showed that miR-196a2 rs11614913 polymorphism is associated with PCa in allelic model in Asian population (CvsT: OR=1.207, 95%CI: 1.023-1.425, P=0.026), heterozygous model in Asian population (CvsT: OR=1.264, 95%CI: 1.008-1.585, P=0.042) while miR-499 rs3746444 is associated with PCa in allelic model overall population (AvsC: OR=1.201, 95%CI: 1.039 -1.388, P=0.013) and in Asian subjects (AvsC OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.030-1.469, P=0.022). The miR-499 rs3746444 is also associated with GC in all four genetic models. Our results concluded that miR-196a2 rs11614913 and miR-499 rs3746444 may be involved in the development of PCa in Asian subjects while miR-499 rs3746444 may be related to GC prognosis
Human skin microflora is an important barrier for many harmful invading microorganisms. However, innate and foreign factors including metal exposure and overuse of antibiotics may attune this microflora. Disruption of microflora in turn leads to several skin diseases and other health problems. The current study aimed to isolate antibiotic-resistant microorganisms and explore new methods for treating these microorganisms of skin flora. For this purpose, 100 skin samples were collected from urban and rural agricultural residents of Multan. Bacterial isolates were biochemically characterized. Isolated microflora included S. aureus 24.5%, S.epidermidis (28%), C.xerosis (8.5%), Klebsiella (9%), C. Kutscheri (5%), P.aurigenosa (19.6%), and E.coli (5.5%).
