The growth of the digital economy has challenged traditional tax principles and created difficulties for fiscal systems worldwide, particularly in developing economies. This paper examines international tax research published between 2005 and 2025, with a focus on the OECD/G20 Two-Pillar Solution and its implications for global tax policy. Following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines, 99 Scopus-indexed publications were analyzed using keyword co-occurrence mapping, citation tracking, journal quartile distribution, and co-authorship network analysis. The findings reveal an acceleration in publications after 2019, three thematic clusters, citation dominance by Q2 journals, limited alignment with the SDGs, and a need for simplified rules and capacity building in developing economies. This study contributes by tracing the evolution of international tax research from the BEPS project to the Two-Pillar framework, identifying thematic clusters and collaboration networks, assessing intersections with the UN Sustainable Development Goals, and highlighting theoretical and practical implications for Indonesia and other developing economies.
Indonesia faces an accountability contradiction where nearly all local governments achieve Unqualified (WTP) audit opinions despite persistent vertical fiscal imbalances and high dependency on central transfers. Addressing the normative shifts introduced by Law No. 1 of 2022 (UU HKPD), this study develops a Local Financial Sustainability (LFS) Index that bridges IPSASB RPG 1 with specific national pillars, namely spending quality and local independence. Analyzing 404 local governments over the 2022–2023 period using Panel Corrected Standard Error (PCSE), the findings reveal that spending efficiency and budget transparency are potent drivers of financial sustainability, signaling managerial effectiveness and reduced agency costs. Notably, contrary to sticky cost theory, administrative intensity exhibits a strong positive influence, acting as a proxy for the institutional capacity required for regulatory transitions. This research redefines fiscal health through productive expenditure and institutional maturity. Practically, the LFS Index provides a self-assessment tool and a performance-based framework for central policymakers in the UU HKPD era.
Conflicting findings about what drives accounting conservatism raise doubts about the reliability of financial reports. This study examines how financial distress, capital intensity, and profitability affect accounting conservatism, with independent commissioners as a moderating variable. Using purposive sampling, it analyzes 104 manufacturing firms in the industrials and consumer staples sectors listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019 to 2023. Panel data estimation is applied. The results show that financial distress has no significant effect on accounting conservatism, while capital intensity and profitability have significant positive effects. Independent commissioners do not moderate the effects of financial distress and profitability on accounting conservatism. Although they significantly moderate the relationship between capital intensity and accounting conservatism, they do not strengthen its positive impact. These findings offer useful insights for investors and regulators in evaluating earnings quality and improving transparency in financial reporting.
Despite increasing digitalization in the accounting profession, limited empirical evidence explains how digital competence is transformed into effective fraud detection capability, particularly among early-career accountants. This study aims at examining the effects of digital competence and data science literacy on fraud detection skills, with diagnostic skills as a mediating mechanism among Generation Z accountants in Indonesia. Using a quantitative survey of 150 respondents and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), the findings show that digital competence does not directly enhance fraud detection skills but operates through data science literacy and diagnostic skills. Diagnostic skills emerge as the key cognitive mechanism converting technological capability into fraud detection effectiveness. These results imply that accounting education and professional training should prioritize diagnostic reasoning alongside digital and analytical skills.
Motivated by limited SDGs financing and largely symbolic corporate engagement in Indonesia, concerns arise regarding how SDGs disclosure relates to stock volatility. This study examines the effect of SDGs disclosure on stock volatility and the role of information asymmetry, with SDGs disclosure decomposed into depth, breadth, and concentration. This quantitative study uses firms in the ESGQ KEHATI Index over 2020–2024, resulting in 197 firm-year observations and analyzed using panel regression. The findings indicate that SDGs disclosure tends to reduce stock volatility, although this effect depends on information asymmetry. At the dimensional level, depth is associated with higher volatility, while breadth and concentration show an inverse relationship. These findings provide empirical insights into the role of SDGs disclosure in capital market dynamics and contribute to the limited literature in Indonesia.
ESG controversies threaten firms’ legitimacy and stakeholder trust; however, evidence on their financial impact and the role of financial opacity remains limited. This study aims at examining whether ESG controversy management enhances financial performance in emerging markets and whether this relationship is conditioned by financial opacity. Using panel data of Indonesian listed firms from 2011 to 2023 and Refinitiv’s ESGC score, where higher values indicate stronger capabilities to address sustainability incidents, the study is grounded in legitimacy theory, stakeholder theory, and the dynamic capability perspective. The multi-method approach includes firm-, year-, and industry-fixed effects, entropy balancing, propensity score matching, and the Heckman two-stage model, while controlling for firm size, leverage, growth opportunities, and audit quality. The results show that effective ESGC management improves profitability, but the effect weakens in financially opaque firms, with implications for ESG oversight and disclosure.
This research explores corporate tax avoidance (TA) by assessing the roles of capital intensity (CI) and environmental, social, and governance (ESG) performance, while also considering board gender diversity (BGD) as a moderating factor within non-financial firms in ASEAN. The study is based on panel data from 185 companies observed over a five-year timeframe. The empirical evidence demonstrates that ESG engagement is significantly associated with variations in tax avoidance behavior, indicating that firms with stronger ESG commitments tend to adopt distinct tax strategies. Capital intensity is also identified as a key determinant, showing a stable and statistically significant relationship across all estimation models. To enhance analytical rigor, firm-level characteristics such as profitability (ROA), leverage (DER), and company size (FS) are included as control variables. Moreover, the findings reveal that board gender diversity strengthens the interaction between capital intensity and tax avoidance, highlighting the importance of governance structure in shaping corporate tax decisions. The study further observes a notable rise in tax avoidance activities among ASEAN firms during the COVID-19 period, both in immediate and extended horizons. These results underline the urgency for regulators to implement more robust ESG disclosure standards to improve transparency and ensure more effective tax supervision.
This study develops a robust measure of corporate tax avoidance by decomposing the book-tax difference (BTD) into permanent and temporary components. Furthermore, it examines the moderating role pf digital transformation in the relationship between environmental disclosure, innovation culture and tax avoidance. The study employs Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) to test the hypothesis. The sample comprises 620 observations from 310 company listed on The Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for 2023-2024 period, excluding the financial and service company. The results indicates that the proposed corporate tax avoidance measure is robust compared to extant measurements. The study finds that environmental disclosure has a significant negative effect on tax avoidance, whereas innovation culture exhibits no significant influence. Furthermore, digital transformation strengthens the negative impact of environmental disclosure on tax avoidance; however, it does not moderate the non-significant relationship between innovation culture and tax avoidance. This finding suggests that integrating digital transformation with transparent environmental disclosure can serve as an effective corporate governance mechanism to mitigate tax avoidance.
Local governments face growing demands for sustainability disclosure, yet the absence of a sustainability framework for local governments limits accountability and effective use of sustainability information. This study develops a conceptual sustainability reporting (SR) framework for Indonesian local governments. The framework was constructed in three stages. First, internationally recognized standards and guidelines, the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB), Global Reporting Initiative (GRI), INTOSAI Working Group on Environmental Auditing (WGEA), and Indonesia’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), were systematically mapped and synthesized. Second, the integrated elements were structured into a framework aligned with public-sector governance and accountability requirements. Third, the framework was validated and refined through stakeholder feedback collected via online questionnaires from 20 key public-sector respondents. The resulting framework offers a structured reporting architecture that incorporates legal, governance, and local government dimensions. This study contributes a practical reference for policymakers and auditors while advancing SR research in decentralized public-sector contexts.
Climate concerns have heightened the importance of transparent carbon disclosure; however, leadership power may hinder such practices. This study aims at examining the effect of CEO power on Carbon emission disclosure (CED), with firm value as a moderating variable, among 87 firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2019 to 2023, using panel regression and interaction models in Stata. The results indicate that CEO power significantly reduces CED, and firm value positively moderates this negative relationship. This suggests that in firms with higher market value, CEOs wield greater influence and face weaker monitoring pressures, thereby enabling them to limit disclosure. The findings support stakeholder and upper echelons' perspectives by highlighting the constraining role of powerful CEOs in corporate transparency efforts. Practically, the study underscores the importance of strengthening governance mechanisms in high-value firms to ensure that increasing market valuation does not amplify managerial discretion that weakens carbon disclosure.
The rapid growth of financial technology raises concerns that e-money may encourage higher consumption. This study aims to examine how mental accounting and consumptive behavior mediated the effects of financial literacy and e-money usage on financial management. A quantitative approach was employed with 216 respondents and analyzed using PLS-SEM. The results showed that financial literacy and e-money positively affected financial management, while consumptive behavior negatively impacted it. Mental accounting positively mediated these relationships, whereas consumptive behavior served as a negative mediator. By integrating both positive and negative behavioral mediators, this study provided a comprehensive understanding of digital finance’s influence on individual financial outcomes. Practically, the findings highlight the importance of embedding educational features in e-money applications to enhance financial literacy and promote better financial management.
Formally registered MSMEs in Indonesia face growing fiscal and technological pressures that may affect their financial performance and long-term sustainability. This study aims to examine how tax innovation and payment system digitalization influence financial performance and financial sustainability through tax compliance. Using an explanatory quantitative design, data were collected from 455 formal MSMEs through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using SEM-PLS. The findings show that tax compliance significantly improves financial performance and financial sustainability and partially mediates the effects of tax innovation and digital payment systems. In addition, tax innovation and digital payment adoption directly strengthen compliance and contribute positively to financial outcomes. These results indicate that sustainable MSME finance depends not only on operational efficiency but also on institutional adaptation and compliant fiscal behavior. This study contributes to MSME taxation literature by integrating agency and institutional perspectives to explain the role of compliance in strengthening financial sustainability.
This study addresses the limited understanding of the intellectual structure and evolution of research on strategic management accounting (SMA) and competitive advantage. The study aims at mapping key themes and emerging directions in this field. Using a bibliometric approach, 159 Scopus-indexed documents were analyzed through co-word and thematic mapping techniques. The findings show increased publication growth after 2018 and reveal a dual structure: a traditional core focused on cost and competition, and an emerging stream linking SMA to decision-making and performance. The study implies that SMA is evolving as an information capability, while AI, supply chain, and sustainability remain promising research areas.
Tax compliance plays a pivotal role in strengthening regional fiscal capacity. This study aims to map the determinants of tax compliance by analyzing taxpayers’ perceptions of awareness, service quality, public policy evaluation, and monitoring mechanisms, employing a descriptive quantitative approach. A total of 354 valid responses were obtained through accidental sampling in public activity centers. Data were analyzed using Importance–Performance Map Analysis (IPMA) to identify strategic priorities. The findings show taxpayers’ awareness and compliance demonstrate the highest performance, while service quality, policy evaluation, and monitoring remain at a moderate level. This study provides evidence-based insights to support the enhancement of regional tax administration and the formulation of more effective tax policy reforms.
Growing regulatory and stakeholder pressure underscores the importance of climate change reporting, yet the role of CEO busyness in shaping corporate disclosure remains underexplored. Prior evidence from other disclosure contexts is mixed, and few studies examine corporate governance as a moderating factor. This research investigates the influence of CEO busyness on climate change disclosure, the moderating effect of corporate governance, and the impact of disclosure on firm performance. Using 1,980 firm-year observations of IDX-listed firms from 2020 to 2023, the study applies panel data regression, Coarsened Exact Matching, Generalized Least Squares, and a two-stage Heckman model to ensure robustness. The results reveal that CEO busyness has a positive effect on climate change disclosure, strengthened by strong corporate governance. Moreover, climate change disclosure enhances firm performance. These findings extend Upper Echelons Theory by showing that busy CEOs can promote transparency, contrasting prior evidence suggesting negative effects.
The research problem arises from growing investor concern over the environmental risks of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and the long-term value of strong Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) practices. This study examines the effect of GHG emissions and SDG practices on firm value, with environmental performance as a moderating variable. The sample includes manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) that consistently participate in the PROPER program. using purposive sampling and multiple linear regression analysis, the findings show that GHG emissions negatively affect firm value, while sustainability practices have a positive effect. Furthermore, environmental performance strengthens both the negative effect of GHG emissions and the positive effect of SDG practices on firm value. These results emphasize the theoretical role of environmental and sustainability factors in firm valuation and provide practical implications for managers and regulators to view environmental initiatives as value drivers.
PT XYZ, the largest oil and gas producer in Indonesia, demonstrates its commitment to sustainability through initiatives such as a zero-flaring target and renewable energy projects. However, its ESG Risk Rating increased from 20.7 to 26.7 (medium risk), indicating challenges in managing environmental and social aspects that may relate to internal sustainability awareness. This study evaluated the sustainability awareness of working-level employees using the levers of control framework, with a focus on belief systems and stakeholder theory. A mixed-methods approach was employed, combining quantitative data from surveys of 75 employees and qualitative insights from semi-structured interviews with management. The analysis covered understanding of sustainability concepts, belief systems implementation, and awareness of the triple bottom line dimensions. Findings showed that belief systems communication had enhanced awareness to a moderately high level, though broader and more systematic education is needed to strengthen awareness across the organization.
The rise of online loans has been a major concern in Indonesia’s financial technology sector, especially due to their growing influence on university students. This study investigated how financial literacy, religiosity, and moral sensitivity shaped students’ ability to resist using online loans, a vulnerable demographic increasingly targeted by digital lenders. A quantitative approach was adopted, applying the Crime Triangle from Routine Activity Theory and the GONE Theory as its theoretical framework. Data were collected from 186 respondents through purposive sampling. The results showed that all three factors significantly and positively influenced students’ resistance to borrowing online. This study was distinctive in combining psychological and moral aspects into a predictive model that had not yet been tested in the Indonesian context. The findings contribute to behavioral finance literature and provide practical guidance for policymakers, educators, and fintech regulators in minimizing students’ exposure to online lending traps.
Sustainability accounting has expanded beyond financial metrics to include environmental, social, and governance (ESG) dimensions. However, conventional ESG reports typically dominated by numerical indicators and textual descriptions, often fail to capture the emotional, symbolic, and cultural aspects that shape stakeholder understanding and engagement. This study aimed to explore the role of photography as both a narrative and an evidentiary tool in ESG reporting. Using a qualitative visual ethnography approach, the research analysed original photographs taken in urban and community settings to represent dynamics related to ESG, such as human–nature relationships, informal governance, and collective social actions. The images were collected through field immersion and contextual observation. Findings suggested that photography can enrich ESG reporting by adding emotional depth and ethical meaning, thereby enhancing communication and stakeholder connection. This study advocates for photography as a valid and verifiable method to support more inclusive and engaging sustainability disclosures.
Fraud remains a persistent challenge in Indonesia’s public sector, requiring robust systems and ethically committed personnel. This study examines the effects of competence, internal control systems, and whistleblowing mechanisms on fraud prevention within the Inspectorate of East Java Province, with organizational commitment as a moderating variable. A quantitative design was used, collecting primary data through questionnaires from civil servants. Data were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with SmartPLS 4.0. Results show that competence and internal control systems have a positive and significant impact on fraud prevention, while the whistleblowing system has a positive but non-significant effect. Organizational commitment strengthens the influence of competence and internal control systems but weakens the effect of the whistleblowing system. These findings highlight the need to enhance personnel competence and control frameworks, and to improve whistleblowing accessibility, protection, and credibility, fostering an organizational culture that upholds integrity and effectively mitigates fraud.
