Justification. Modern research on hybrid power plants is mainly focused on foreign components and solutions, while the issues of creating energy-efficient systems based on a domestic element base remain insufficiently developed, especially taking into account the requirements of import substitution and operation in Russian conditions.The purpose of the study. Development of a design concept for an energy-efficient hybrid power plant based on domestic components with an assessment of their compatibility, efficiency and applicability as part of a parallel hybrid architecture.Methods. A systematic analysis of modern serial and high-performance hybrid power plants of the global market has been carried out in order to identify trends in the development of architectures and energy management systems. The results of virtual and bench tests of the prototype hybrid power plant of the FDR12 racing car were used as an experimental base. Based on them, a digital twin of the system has been developed and verified. Traction electric drive control strategies, thermal modes, energy recovery processes, and the efficiency of power components are investigated. An analysis of domestic components, including an internal combustion engine, a synchronous traction electric motor, power electronics, and a lithium-titanate battery, has been performed in terms of their integration into a single system.Results. The targets for the development of a hybrid power plant have been formed based on an analysis of the global market. A digital twin of the hybrid system has been developed and verified, which makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of various control strategies and operating modes. The fundamental compatibility of domestic components in the parallel hybrid circuit, including electrical, mechanical and algorithmic integration, has been established. The effective operating modes of the traction electric drive, energy recovery and thermal control of the system are determined.Conclusion. A design concept for a hybrid power plant has been formed that integrates domestic components into a single energy-efficient architecture adapted to operational conditions. The results obtained form the basis for the subsequent design and serial implementation of hybrid power plants. The limitation of the study is the use of a prototype racing car as an experimental base, as well as the need for further validation of solutions in mass production.
BACKGROUND: Protecting ground-based transport and technological vehicle operators from dynamic impacts caused by chassis contact with uneven ground remains a pressing issue. The development of effective vibration-attenuating seat systems is inextricably linked to the use of mathematical models. Analytical models are the most accurate. AIM: Develop a mathematical model of the vertical displacements of an operator's seat on a vibration-attenuating suspension, based on analytical expressions describing the dynamic system's response to kinematic excitation, defined as vertical displacement of the seat base at a given velocity. METHODS: For the differential equation describing the vertical oscillations of a seat on a vibration-attenuating suspension under kinematic excitation, for the case of base lifting at a given velocity, analytical expressions were derived for calculating the time dependencies of the main system parameters, such as the vertical coordinate of the seat in a fixed coordinate system, its second derivative, and the local deformation coordinate of the seat's vibration-attenuating mechanism. Analytical expressions for the maximum deviation of the local deformation coordinate from zero and the maximum seat acceleration were also obtained. An algorithm using several analytical expressions was developed to calculate the maximum seat acceleration. This algorithm, based on these analytical expressions, allows one to calculate the maximum seat acceleration for any positive values of the system's stiffness and damping coefficients. RESULTS: As an example confirming the validity of the obtained analytical expressions and the algorithm for calculating the maximum seat acceleration, the functional dependencies of the maximum absolute value of the local coordinate and the maximum absolute seat acceleration on the stiffness and damping coefficients under a non-periodic external influence in the form of seat base displacement are presented. Lines corresponding to a constant value of the maximum deviation of the local coordinate from zero, obtained using spline interpolation, are also presented. This allowed us to determine the minimum values of the maximum seat acceleration for a number of specified base lifting speeds, at which the absolute local deformation coordinate of the vibration isolation system mechanism equals a constant limit value. CONCLUSION: The problem of developing a mathematical model of vertical oscillations of an operator's seat with a vibration-isolating suspension has been solved using analytical expressions. This model offers the advantage of higher accuracy compared to a numerical solution. The model describes the system's oscillations under a non-periodic external stimulus, in the form of movement of the seat base at a given velocity, beginning at time zero. Using this non-periodic external stimulus allows it to be characterized by a single parameter, which will potentially simplify solutions for optimizing vibration-isolating seat systems.
The use of mobile, electrically powered energy systems increases the productivity and operational qualities of machines, reduces their environmental impact, and expands opportunities for digitalization through integration.with digital monitoring, telemetry and autonomous control systems. The purpose of these studies is to develop robotic unmanned transport and technological means with a capacity of about 410 hp and a complex of technological machines for gardening in order to achieve the results of the departmental project "Development of institutes for grant support to researchers, scientific and creative teams" of the state program of the Russian Federation "Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation". The object of the study is agricultural robotic unmanned transport and technological means (RBTTS) with an electromechanical transmission (EMT) with the conventional name "RBTTS-400" and a complex of technological machines for gardening (lifting platform, circular circular pruner, fan sprayer, herbicide sprayer). At this stage, the layout of a tractor with a triangular caterpillar track, its frame, as well as the basic and kinematic circuits of the electromechanical power transmission have been developed.
Abstract Justification. In world practice there is a problem of reduction of oil fuel reserves. One of the ways to solve this problem is the use of alternative energy sources, in particular, motor fuels. The reduction of oil fuel reserves and their harmful environmental impact on nature requires the use of alternative types of fuel. According to many researchers, biological fuels obtained by various processing methods can be used in internal combustion engines as a fuel mixture. The purpose of the work. The purpose of the study is to assess the impact of biological fuels on the operational characteristics and changes in the main indicators of power plants. Comparisons of the results of experimental and theoretical studies on changes in operational indicators, as well as the construction of dependencies of indicators. Materials and methods. Biofuel occupies a special place in the structure of renewable energy sources. As one of the few alternative fuels in the transport sector, biofuels are seen as an important resource in energy selection and energy security, agricultural and rural development, and climate change mitigation by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Results. Solutions of diesel fuel with bioethanol in various concentrations were studied: 2, 5, 3%. 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, 9% and 10%. Diesel fuel with bioethanol forms an emulsion, which, when the temperature increases, first stratifies and then forms a true solution. When settling, stratification occurs in the mixture, and water is removed from the bottom. Conclusion. Thus, based on the conducted research it is shown that mixtures of solutions from 1% to 8% can be used as diesel fuel under the given climatic conditions. Comparative traction characteristics of the engine when running on standard and bioethanol-containing fuels showed that when using a mixture of power and traction, the effort increases by 6...8%, and the specific fuel consumption decreases by 6...7% at the same actual speed.
Rationale. Automation of self-propelled agricultural machines and machine-tractor units (MTU), which ensures round-the-clock performance of field work without tractor driver's participation, can improve the efficiency of crop production and increase food production. The obstacle is the lack of formed agricultural navigation as an independent scientific direction on instrumental methods and technical means of controlling the movement of unmanned MTU. Research objective. Formation of the theory of agricultural navigation of tilled MTU. Research methods. The research is exploratory, aimed at using theoretical knowledge to solve the applied problem of determining the trajectory control error of unmanned MTU. The methods used are analogies, full-scale and thought experiments, mathematical modeling, intuition, comparisons, etc. Information from navigation, electrodynamics, mechanization, automation, instrumentation, etc. were used as initial information. The methods of analogies, natural and mental experiments, mathematical modeling, intuition, comparisons and were used. Information from navigation, electrodynamics, electro-exploration geophysics, agronomy, mechanization of mobile crop production processes, automatics, instrumentation, agricultural engineering, etc. was used as initial information. Results. Programming of MTU trajectories is carried out in coordinate systems rigidly “tied” to the terrain by physical landmarks. There are only three ways of specifying coordinate systems: two points, one point and a direction, a line along the entire trajectory. The location of the MTU is defined either in the same coordinate system or in a mobile coordinate system defined by the location of the “leading” point of the tractor and the directions of its axes. In both cases, the location of the MTU is determined by the distance between the MTU and the landmarks of the stationary coordinate system. Point landmarks are hundreds of meters and more distant, linear landmarks - on units of meters. Therefore, it is easier to determine the MTU location by the distance to linear landmarks than to point landmarks. It is advisable to use stationary underground current-carrying wires as linear reference points. The currents of the wires create navigational magnetic fields that allow to determine the location of MTU with high accuracy. Programming of trajectories in the magnetic fields of current-carrying wires is carried out by “guiding surfaces”, which represent the geometric location of points, when the leading point of the tractor is aligned with them, there is no trajectory control error signal formed by the navigation device of location determination. The trajectories are programmed by setting the planned values of the “electric” and “mechanical” navigation parameters of the positioning device. The first parameter determines the lateral displacement of the leading point relative to the current carrying wire, the second parameter determines the lateral displacement of the leading point relative to the longitudinal axis of the tractor. The planned value of one or both of these parameters can be zero. The maximum accuracy is possessed by positioning devices with zero planned electrical parameter. The article considers algorithms of formation of trajectory control error signals by less accurate but structurally simpler devices with zero value of mechanical parameter. Conclusion. For programming the required and determining the actual trajectories of unmanned MTAs, including tilled ones, it is advisable to use the systems of coordinates set by stationary landmarks in the form of underground current-carrying wires. Key words: agricultural navigation; navigation inductor; location algorithm; unmanned agricultural technologies.
