Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is commonly seen in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) and is frequently associated with human papillomavirus (HPV). cSCC arising in transplant recipients is associated with a more aggressive clinical course and worse prognosis compared to cSCCs in the general population. As the number of SOTRs increases, the incidence of transplant-associated cSCC is likely to continue rising. Dermatologists play a key role in the prevention, early identification, and management of transplant-associated cSCC.
Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) in solid organ transplant recipients (SOTRs) carries significantly elevated risks of metastasis and mortality compared to immunocompetent individuals, necessitating a multidisciplinary approach to management. Surgical excision with complete margin assessment remains the cornerstone of treatment for high-risk tumors, while radiation therapy and immune checkpoint inhibitors offer additional options in select cases. Risk-stratified screening using tools such as SUNTRAC, combined with regular dermatologic follow-up, is essential for early detection and prevention of cutaneous malignancy in this population. HPV vaccination prior to transplantation is strongly recommended, and dermatologists are uniquely positioned to advocate for vaccination and patient education given their longitudinal relationships with SOTRs. Future research should focus on beta-HPV vaccine development and the potential therapeutic role of vaccination in reducing cSCC burden in transplant recipients.
