Background: Stenotrophomonas infections are becoming more widespread around the world and can be counted as a "newly emerging pathogen of concern".The present study aimed to detect a variety of Stenotrophomonas species (S. maltophilia) using specific 23S rRNA gene primers and investigate their multi-drug resistance potential.Methods: This study includes 375 clinical samples from different clinical sources 175 from males and 200 from females collected from Mosul City Hospital.Identification of Stenotrophomonas was conducted through multiple steps including culturing methods, molecular methods in addition to some biochemical tests 11(3%) of isolates belonged to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.The isolates understudy were tested for their ability to resist 10 different antibiotics using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Results:The resistance rate to amoxicillin, gentamicin, and amikacin (100%), cefixime (91%), imipenem (64%), meropenem(55%), Azithromycin (36%), nalidixic acid and trimethoprim (18%), ciprofloxacin(0%).The virulence factors of S. maltophilia siderophores were found in all (11) isolates belonging to S. maltophilia at a percentage (100%).The result of PCR assay using specific primers designed for detecting 23S rRNA genes of S. maltophilia gives amplification for 11 isolates from 14 suspected isolates.Nucleic acid sequencing for the 23S rRNA gene shows that all isolates belong to S. maltophilia with a similarity rate (91-99) in NCBI.Because the 23S rRNA gene sequence in Stenotrophomonas species shows more variety in this location this study used specific 23S rRNA gene primers to identify S. maltophilia. Conclusion:The study used phenotypic and molecular diagnostic techniques to isolate the bacteria, including the S rRNA23 gene.The results emphasize the need for increased vigilance in hospitals to prevent the spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the development of new treatment strategies.
The profession of paramedic has become an integral part of the health care delivery system in the Czech Republic.It is a profession belonging to the group of regulated professions, with clearly defined rules for education and practice itself.This study attempted to map how the competences and professional training methods of RNs differ in the Czech Republic, Poland, Germany and Slovakia, which are the closest states to the Czech Republic and also have a similar approach to the pre-hospital care system.There is a real assumption that the principles of training paramedics and their competence will not differ significantly within these EU states.The study was carried out as a research, overview.A content analysis of the current legislation was carried out, regarding the education and work content of paramedics in the environment of the Czech Republic, Germany, Poland and Slovakia.As part of the comparison of these states, it was found that the education and the system of activity of a paramedic differ in details, given by national legislative specifics.Especially in the areas of ZZ competences, it was found that paramedic is the most limited in the conditions of the Czech Republic.However, these limits should not have a major impact on the quality of care provided within the prehospital care, due to the dense network of RZP stations and the low arrival times of crews with doctors.
Background: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the common musckloskeletal diseases and usual treated by epidural steroid injection (ESI).ESIs improve patients' quality of life, reduce lumbar radicular pain, and postpone spinal surgery.The mechanism of improvement is yet unscertain, perhaps involve type α collagen (COL2α) for bone maintenance, hence, we sought to investigate the role of injected steroids in bone healing focusing on the role of COL2α.Methods: All patients in this research were diagnosed by specialists based on their histories and clinical features and associated diseaeses or compiling therapy.Serum samples collected from LBP patients and control group for comparisons.Results: The present study found a significant (<0.0001) increase in the concentration of COL2α in patients with LBP after injection with ESI treatment compared with patients before injection and healthy individuals.Conclusion: ESI helps LBP sufferers by boosting COL2α, which repairs damaged tissues.
The annual or ephemeral plant Parthenium hysterophorus L. is an upright and heavily branched member of the Asteraceae family.The herb is used to treat heart issues, fever, anemia, wounds, and ulcerated sores.It is applied topically to treat skin issues, while the plant's decoction is frequently taken orally to address a wide range of ailments.Psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, diarrhea, urinary tract infections, dysentery, malaria, psoriasis, allergies, asthma, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, and neuralgia are just a few of the health benefits that P. hysterophorus L. can provide.Asthma, bronchitis, dermatitis, and hay fever are some of the major problems caused by this weed, which is harmful to all living things because it also depletes nutrient levels and competes with the cultivation of major crops and vegetation.This review discusses the potential health benefits as well as the origin, distribution, morphology, and harmful effects of the plant on human health.
