Hybrid work has become a widespread organizational practice, yet employees’ experiences remain highly heterogeneous. Adopting a person-oriented perspective, this study examines whether employees’ perceptions of hybrid work resources are associated with distinct patterns of team-related processes. Drawing on the Quality of Telework (QoT) framework, hybrid work quality is conceptualized as a configurational phenomenon in which multiple resources co-occur within individuals rather than operating independently. Using latent profile analysis on data from 719 hybrid workers across four organizations, we identified four distinct profiles based on key QoT resources (i.e., remote and office-based workstations, flextime, and enabling management). These profiles differed systematically in team identification, knowledge sharing, collective self-efficacy, satisfaction with hybrid teamwork, and perceived team efficiency. The findings suggest that hybrid work experiences form qualitatively distinct patterns, with more balanced configurations of resources associated with more positive perceptions of team functioning. By focusing on configurations rather than isolated predictors, this study contributes to extending the QoT framework and demonstrates the value of person-oriented approaches for capturing heterogeneity in contemporary work contexts. More broadly, the results highlight how combinations of work-related conditions are linked to different experiential patterns, offering a more nuanced understanding of hybrid work and its implications for team-related processes.
This article reports a subject-specific, within-person self-study of personality-related language in one participant-author's predominantly professional email archive (2008-2024; n = 25,780). The aim is not between-person prediction or human-parity benchmarking, but idiographic description of one person's profile and temporal dynamics across Self-Determination Theory, the Big Five, and Psychological Well-Being. Email texts were coded with two LLM-assisted workflows - prompted GPT-3.5 ratings and a GPT-4.1 teacher distilled into compact multilingual transformer students - with cross-model comparisons treated as robustness checks. Email-level labels were aggregated into monthly balance indices on a common [-100, 100] scale. Within-person profile correspondence with contemporaneous self-report reference profiles was examined on POMP-aligned scales, and monthly shifts across pre-specified major personal and occupational periods were estimated using HAC-robust regressions with FDR control. Across frameworks, the archive yielded interpretable subject-specific patterns: email-derived profiles partly approximated the self-report reference shape while also reflecting the professional register, and month-level indices shifted in theory-coherent ways across salient periods. The findings support de-identified digital traces as state-sensitive adjuncts for person-oriented research on one individual's functioning over time. The results do not warrant between-person inference, and self-reports remain the primary reference for trait baselines.
Background:Emerging adulthood is a critical period for the adoption of health behaviours. This study aimed to identify distinct lifestyle profiles among university students using a person-oriented approach and to examine their associations with psychological wellbeing, stress, anxiety, and depression. Methods:In this cross-sectional study, 2,078 students (aged 18-39) from the University of Torino provided data on six lifestyle indicators: sedentary behaviour, diet, sleep, alcohol, sport, and smoking. Cluster analysis (Partitioning Around Medoids) was used to identify profiles. Differences in psychological outcomes (WEMWBS, PSS-10, HADS) were assessed using ANCOVA, adjusting for age and gender. Results:Four profiles were identified: Active-Healthier (29%), Sedentary-Sporty (17.6%), Sedentary-Non-sporty (25.7%), and Active-Riskier (27.7%). Sedentary behaviour showed the strongest differentiation across profiles (Cramér's V = 0.789). After adjustment for age and gender, lifestyle profile membership was significantly associated with wellbeing, perceived stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms (all p < .001), although effect sizes were small (partial η 2 = 0.009-0.016). The Active-Healthier profile showed the most favourable psychological pattern, whereas differences among the remaining three profiles were not statistically significant. Conclusion:Health-related behaviours co-occur in multidimensional patterns among university students. Person-oriented profiling may help universities move beyond generic health promotion towards more targeted interventions that jointly address physical and mental health.
Numerous reviews have indicated that happiness and performance do not necessarily align in the educational field. Building upon the happy-productive worker thesis (HPWT), but extending its scope, we argue that a person-centered approach may help to explain conflicting results and null findings reported in this literature. To test this proposition, we examined multiple operationalisations of well-being and performance, encompassing both positive and negative valences, and analysed how these operational choices affect the configuration and stability of worker profiles. Data were collected from 1,797 education workers (76.9% women) using validated self-report measures of well-being (positive and negative affect), job performance, and presenteeism. Cluster analyses were conducted using a combination of model-based and k-means procedures to identify patterns of synergy and antagonism between well-being and performance. Cluster stability across alternative operationalisations was assessed using the Adjusted Rand Index (ARI). Results support a four-pattern model of relationships between the constructs (happy-productive, unhappy-unproductive, happy-unproductive, and unhappy-productive). However, the distribution of the sample of educational workers across clusters, and the predominance of patterns, differed depending on how performance and well-being were operationalised (positive or negative valences). Cluster stability across operationalisations was low, as indicated by ARI values ranging from .196 to .381. Moreover, some person-related variables (age and sex) accounted for cluster belongingness when well-being was operationalised negatively (negative affect), but not positively (positive affect). These results extend previous research on the relationship between performance and well-being in the HPWT literature. They question the uniqueness of the synergetic hypothesis and highlight the importance of considering the polyhedral nature of both concepts, particularly their positive or negative valence.
Observation Oriented Modeling (OOM) is a person-oriented approach to data conceptualization and analysis that departs significantly from traditional methodological and statistical frameworks. Rather than relying on means, variances, and covariances, OOM focuses on the patterns formed by individual observations. Instead of estimating population parameters, OOM prioritizes the development of explanatory theories based on those observed patterns, reflecting a broader philosophical shift from logical positivism toward philosophical realism. In this paper, we illustrate the principles and methods of OOM through a series of re-analyses of published studies. These examples demonstrate how OOM can reveal meaningful behavioral patterns at the individual level that are often obscured by conventional aggregate analyses. In addition to being simple and intuitive to use, OOM encourages researchers to engage more deeply with causal models and less with statistical procedures. We conclude by discussing the broader implications of OOM for person-oriented psychological science and the field as a whole.
This study examines a forensic case of homicide within a hierarchical work relationship to determine whether the perpetrator acted in a state of physiological affect. The analysis is based on forensic medical examination materials and employs a qualitative approach grounded in thematic analysis. The findings revealed four themes: (1) a hierarchical environment characterized by humiliation and coercion; (2) gradually intensifying motivational pressure closely linked to dependency, presumed blackmail, and fear of punishment; (3) cumulative emotional exhaustion resulting from prolonged internal stress; and (4) cognitive narrowing. A forensic psychological examination identified manifestations of cumulative physiological affect, suggesting that a significant emotional disturbance influenced the offender’s actions. This case serves as a practical illustration of such psycho-emotional states, which is pertinent for criminologists, forensic scientists, and representatives of related fields
This paper explores the psychological and existential implications of engaging with artificial intelligence (AI) in contemporary life, drawing on a reflexive account of lived experience of the author as a lecturer, researcher, and practicing psychologist. The increasing integration of AI into everyday practices presents a fundamental tension: while AI may enhance human cognitive capacities and open up new possibilities for development, it may also contribute to the erosion of authentic human relationships and the experience of the self. To examine this tension, the paper engages with two contrasting perspectives: the optimistic vision of human-AI integration and transcendence proposed by Ray Kurzweil, and the critical concerns raised by Sherry Turkle regarding relational loss and the illusion of connection in technologically mediated environments. These perspectives are further situated within broader philosophical discussions of transcendence. The analysis suggests that transcendence in the age of AI emerges as a contested and lived psychological process, shaped by the interplay between technological augmentation and the preservation of relational and existential depth. Donna Haraway's notion of hybridity provides a critical lens through which this condition may be understood, emphasizing the reconfiguration of human identity as increasingly fluid, hybrid, and difficult to categorize. Meanwhile, Luciano Floridi reminds us of the importance of maintaining an ethical humanistic perspective within an era of highly advanced technology. This paper argues that the key task is not to resolve the tension between enhancement and loss, but rather to hold them in productive tension. Such a stance opens important implications for both research and practice: enabling a more nuanced understanding of the changing human condition, while also supporting counseling and clinical efforts to sustain meaning, responsibility, and authentic human connection in an increasingly technologized world.
Adolescence is a period marked by increased stress, in which it is especially important how they manage stress. Previous research suggests that both relational contexts and individual characteristics influence coping strategies, highlighting the need to examine stress management in adolescence within a broader developmental framework. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between parental attachment and stress management strategies in adolescence in a person-oriented approach. The sample consisted of 1,485 Hungarian secondary school students (793 males, 687 females; five with unidentified gender), aged 16-23 years, drawn from a nationwide school-based survey. Data were analyzed using self-report measures of parental attachment (ECR-RS) and coping styles (CISS-21). Attachment profiles with four parental attachment scales were identified through k-means cluster analyses, and their associations with coping strategies and gender were examined. k-means cluster analysis based on POMS-transformed variables identified a 6-cluster solution with acceptable homogeneity and separation (EESS% > 70; HCmeanS < 1; Silhouette coefficient > 0.50). Cluster membership was significantly associated with gender (χ 2 = 34.86, df = 5, p < .001, Cramér's V = 0.153). Parental attachment patterns are associated with distinct coping configurations in adolescence, with attachment security supporting more adaptive integration of coping strategies under stress. These findings highlight the importance of attachment-informed perspectives for understanding individual and gender-related differences in adolescent stress management.
Anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental health problems in athletes, yet the inclusion of athletes with clinical mental health problems in intervention studies remains limited. Furthermore, no studies to date have investigated the mechanisms of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on anxiety and positive affect in athletes. Hence, the aim of the current study was to examine the effect of CBT on moderate to severe symptoms of anxiety and positive affect in athletes, as well as to investigate the mediated effects of CBT on anxiety symptoms and positive affect through rumination and acceptance. A randomized single-case multiple-baseline design was conducted with six athletes who experienced moderate to severe anxiety. Data was collected four times daily through ecological momentary assessment, and all participants received six weekly sessions of CBT. Intervention effects were analyzed using Tau and baseline-corrected Tau, and mediated effects were analyzed using a two-step approach with Tau and cross-lagged correlations. An intervention effect on anxiety was observed for two participants, while two participants showed an increase in anxiety. An intervention effect on positive affect was observed for three participants. In terms of mediation, only one participant showed evidence consistent with a mediated process in the expected direction through rumination on anxiety. These findings highlight individual variability in treatment effects and the underlying mechanisms that may help explain how interventions exert their effects. The current study underscores the complementary role of idiographic approaches alongside group-based designs in advancing evidence on individual treatment effects and underlying mechanisms.
Contrary to several other statistical analyses (ANOVA, linear regression, etc.) normality is not a requirement of cluster analysis (CA). However, certain types of departure from normality, such as high skewness, can cause problems in CAs. In such cases the proportion of extreme cases will increase, increasing the chance to obtain heterogeneous clusters. The aim of the paper is to propose a new method for interpreting CA results in the presence of heterogeneous clusters. After performing CA, all cases are classified as either typical or atypical, depending on how close they are to their own cluster center (cluster centroid). A key concept is a new variable that measures the distance of each case to its own cluster centroid. A case is considered typical if this distance does not exceed a predetermined threshold, and atypical if it does. Typical cases can be used to provide a robust estimation of the cluster centroids. Additionally, analyzing subgroups of atypical cases within clusters where they reach an interpretable proportion can refine the explanation of cluster profile. The usefulness of the new method is demonstrated using four parental attachment variables of avoidance and anxiety, where high skewness and therefore heterogeneous clusters are anticipated. The study sample consisted of 918 young adults aged between 20 and 35. Standard hierarchical and k-means clustering analysis identified a 6-cluster structure as the best solution, yielding easily interpretable parental attachment types. The proportion of atypical cases exceeded 5% in three clusters. The psychological meaning of these clusters could be explored in more detail by computing cluster centroids based on typical cases and then comparing groups of typical and atypical cases using Welch’s t-tests. The new method can easily be applied in the Validation module of the latest version of the ROPstat software. The parental attachment styles explored were comparable to those found in literature.
This book is an introduction to the Free Energy Principle (FEP) and Active Inference. The FEP has been described as new paradigm with potential to unify the biological and cognitive sciences. According to the FEP, living organisms persist by minimizing their free energy (which can be variously translated as uncertainty, surprise, prediction error, or discrepancies between model and world). Active Inference means that we can resolve uncertainty (or discrepancies between model and world) in basically two ways: by perception (i.e., changing our mind to fit the world) and by action (i.e., changing the world to make it fit our preferences and beliefs). The FEP and Active Inference represent a conceptual framework that may have potential to contribute to a unification of psychological science.
In this book, Anil Seth advocates a predictive processing approach to the understanding of conscious experience, which he claims would amount to something like a Copernican revolution. In three separate parts of the book, Seth discusses conscious level, conscious content, and conscious self. Among the strengths of the book is an ambition to stay close to the rich phenomenology of conscious experiences. The phenomenological openness, however, is counteracted by an ambition to reduce all aspects of consciousness to predictive processing.
In The Four Realms of Existence: A New Theory of Being Human, Joseph LeDoux (2023) argues for a conceptualization of being human in terms of four hierarchically integrated realms of existence: biological, neurobiological, cognitive, and conscious. Although LeDoux’s perspective is thought-provoking, it also raises several questions. One question is how to differentiate the conscious realm from the cogni-tive realm. Another question is where feelings and non-verbal expressions fit into LeDoux’s picture. An overarching question is also: why four realms of existence?
In this article, standard configural frequency analysis (CFA) is compared with combinatorial Victor CFA with respect to Type I errors and power. Victor CFA is most important and suitable when phantom types or phantom antitypes are suspected to exist. These can emerge when types and antitypes contain cases from populations other than the sample under study, and, thus, distort marginal probabilities. Simulation results are presented that suggest that, when samples are comparatively small, standard CFA has more power. In contrast, Victor CFA has more power when sample sizes increase. The concept of type strength is introduced. It can be used as a supplement to statistical CFA testing. Data examples illustrate that the two variants of CFA can result in dramatically different data evaluations. In the article, it is discussed that Victor CFA can also be used when base models are more complex than the main effect model that was used in Lienert’s standard CFA and Victor’s original alternative CFA.
Erich Fromm (1900-1980) was a sociologist, psychoanalyst and a social and human philosopher of German-Jewish origin who fled from Germany via Geneva to the United States of America in 1934. He became globally known as the author of the book The Art of Loving (Fromm, 1956) and stated that the only way to lead a sane and satisfying human existence is through love. This psychobiographical study aims to capture the theme of love throughout the life of Erich Fromm and within selected creative works. The research methodology used is qualitative in nature and applies a psychobiographical study approach. Psychobiographies explore the lives of extraordinary individuals through psychological theories. This study focuses on the life of Fromm as a single purposefully selected individual. Data was collected from literature search in the public domains and analysed through content analysis. The study used a five-step-content analysis process of familiarisation with the data, coding and categorisation, analysis, data reconstruction and presentation. Findings trace the development of the concept of love in the life and work of Fromm. Fromm viewed love as an "art" which needs to be learned, and requires discipline, focus, concentration and patience. It is an active skill that needs effort and understanding. Different forms of love exist, such as the love of God, the love within family (motherly love, brotherly love), love in love relationships (erotic love) and the love for the self (self-love). The four core aspects of love are care, responsibility, respect and knowledge. In this article, we draw selected conclusions on how Fromm's concept of love may have grown from his lived experience. These findings and conclusions might deserve more detailed analyses in future research.
The Right to Privacy has ancient and historical roots. Previous and ongoing research make it quite evident that privacy is an essential human need central to the development and integrity of the individual and society. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights identifies privacy as a basic human right that serves as a foundation for several other rights. With the all-pervasive acceptance of digital technology in the daily lives of people, the need to understand the impact of digital privacy is even more pertinent. This is especially true considering global ethical violations of data and no cohesive rules on privacy. Nine participants from varied professional backgrounds were interviewed in order to examine how they perceive the impact of Data and Information Privacy on their Mental Health. Thematic Analysis generated three superordinate themes: (1) Convenience; (2) Psychological and emotional impact; and (3) Distrust of state machinery and corporations. Each theme comprised subthemes. Results highlight that it is almost impossible to operate in the digital age without sharing one’s information online. Being aware of the risks involved, participants choose to balance both the negative impact and benefits of sharing information online. The significant negative effects experienced by the participants are reflective of ongoing incidents and research worldwide. The findings of this study indicate that the impact of Data Privacy is extremely important and requires continuing research as it impacts both the individual and society.
This document presents a commentary on Lundh’'s (2025) review of Psychology's Misuse of Statistics and Persistent Dismissal of its Critics (Lamiell, 2019). While the article acknowledges the validity of several points made by Lundh, it also questions the soundness of his critiques in a variety of respects.
Objectives:This case study explores how narrative therapy facilitates personalized meaning-making and emotional healing for Ann, a 57-year-old Vietnamese widow, following her loved one's sudden death. Methods:Grounded in Ann's Buddhist beliefs and collectivist background, the therapy provided a safe space for her to express complex emotions like guilt, sadness, and anger. Utilizing a three-stage trauma recovery model-externalization, deconstruction, and exceptional questions-helped her explore new meanings, re-author her story, and build resilience and purpose within her unique personal and cultural context. Results:Throughout the therapeutic process, the client gained awareness of her loss and reconstructed new meanings within her personal story. She recognized both the possibilities and limitations of her experiences. By the final session, she was able to confidently articulate her gratitude, commit to self-care, and actively support her community, demonstrating increased resilience and self-efficacy. Conclusions:This case illustrates how a personalized narrative approach facilitates growth by helping the client acknowledge her loss, reframe her story, and discover her voice. It emphasizes the importance of honouring individual stories and cultural contexts, fostering self-awareness, resilience, and a commitment to self-care and community, supporting ongoing healing and empowerment.
