Nanotechnology has a worldwide socioeconomic connotation. On the progress side, Nanoparticles (NPs) tender astonishing technical competencies which consent them to carry out extremely novel developments in science and industries. Whereas, on the draw back side, just the same novel qualities of nanoparticles can concomitantly bring to mind undesired features, which every now and then lead to unfavorable and detrimental interactions with exposed organisms. Workers concerned in industrialized and managing of NPs in all countries face new hazards from these nanomaterials. The workrelated safety and health links have taken schemes to spot the gaps between consciousness and practices.
As we approach an age of deeper discoveries in hostile environments, we need to either improve on existing industry or design new ones in order to meet the technological demands for success. Wide ranges of naturally occurring polymers derived from renewable resources are available for material applications (cellulose, starch, CMC, etc.). Natural resources like Baggas, Musket and wheat from different areas in Sudan are the research investigation interest. Five basic properties are usually defined by the industrial program and monitored during fabricating: Rheology, density, and fluid density, and fluid loss, solid content and chemical properties. If the fluids properties are uncontrolled, there will be very serious risks and hazards in terms of economic and safety. This study is focuses on the Isolation and Utilization of Polymers and suggests Cellulose Biomasses Polymers Fabricating Unit Design from Local materials for industry and especially for petroleum industry applications in order to increase the national income by adding a natural resource and to decrease the costand dependency on the imported polymers from abroad.
Zayandehrood River located in central Iran have been suffering from pollution by municipal, industrial and agricultural wastewater. The research investigates the occurrence of five pharmaceuticals including amoxicillin, paracetamol, metronidazole, ranitidine and diphenhydramine and two estrogenic compounds consisting estradiol and ethynilestradiol contamination in Zayandehrood River. Water samples were collected in five stations including upstream and downstream receiving sewage water treatment effluents. The concentration of compounds in the upstream was below the detection limit up to 2 ng/l and reached its highest level about 6-46 ng/l in downstream. Also, the cytotoxicity of water samples was evaluated using two human cell lines (HepG2, HEK293T) and one fish cell line (RTG2). No cytotoxic effects were observed but cell viability decreased in cells exposed to river water receiving waste waters. Residues of pharmaceutical and steroid compounds were detected in water samples of Zayandehrood river and these compounds can enter the drinking water sources and affect its quality if not properly treated.
The present study investigated the price dynamics of carbon dioxide, electricity, natural gas, and capital interest rates to generate a series of cost curves for designing power to gas energy storage systems in different locations. The profitability of power to gas energy storage systems is driven by commodity and regulatory markets that control energy, greenhouse gas, and labour prices. The ability to rapidly determine the feasibility of this technology in different locations requires a rigorous sensitivity analysis of these four parameters in order to determine the net cost or profit of any installation. An iterative calculation approach was utilized to generate profitability curves for a variety of different applications and locations. The analysis was based on CO2Storage Ltd’s power-to-gas technology that converts combustion exhaust emissions into renewable methane. This approach yields a profitable path for converting all existing combustion systems into renewable based energy storage systems.
Access to energy is a strategic priority in all regions of the world. Today, nearly 1.6 billion people, either 20% of the world’s population, lack access to modern energy and 3 billion people, either 40% of the world’s population depends on traditional biomass and coal as the main source of fuel. In Africa, issue of energy accessibility has always been at the heart of the debates because of the relentless shedding of power that is undermining the lives of many Africans. Outside of some countries in North Africa (Algeria, Libya, Tunisia, Egypt) which are doing well with an electrification rate above 90%, followed from South Africa to the south of the Sahara with an electrification rate of around 70%, the situation remains quite worrying in the middle of the continent with sub-Saharan Africa where this rate is below 50%. Africa’s renewable energy production potential is far greater than the continent’s current and estimated electricity consumption. Particularly for renewable energy, Africa has an outstanding solar energy potential of 10,000 GW. The objective of this work consist of exposing solar energy technology, the situation of energy shortfall in Africa and outlook of development of this sector
The study was carried out, to ascertain the effect of metal scraps on surrounding soils at Gbogi vicinities of Akure South Local Government, Ondo State, Nigeria. A total of thirty-nine soil samples were taken for laboratory analysis. The soil samples were collected at various depths at the dumpsite, and at various horizontal distances away from the dumpsite including human settlements close to the dumpsite, in order to find the concentration and mobility of toxic metal on human living habitat around the dumpsite. The heavy metals in the waste soils samples was sequentially extracted and quantified, using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). The findings revealed that Iron, Lead, Cadmium, Copper and Zinc with concentration of 209mg/kg, 9.2mg/kg, 3.6mg/kg, 0.1mg/kg and 39.7mg/kg respectively. All concentrations did not exceed National Environmental Standards and Regulation Enforcement Agency (NESREA) acceptable limit and index of 2007. The order was Fe>Cu>Pb>Zn>Cd for the study area. A consistent trend showing a decrease in the concentration of toxic metals was observed at increasing depths and distances from dumpsite, however, the paper suggests a discontinuation or mitigation of anthropogenic input on the environment.
Exclosures are areas that are closed-off from any disturbances to allow regenerating vegetation to reduce pressures on natural resources, conservation and enhance rehabilitation. Exclosures have different ecosystem and economic benefits. The objectives of this systematic review were to appraise research findings and to summarize the most important literatures on the role of area exclosures for ecosystem services in Ethiopia. After several screening steps using inclusion and exclusion criteria, only 33 studies qualified for qualitative analysis. Different studies indicated that exclosures have ecological and economic importance for the area and local communities. The practice of area closure is becoming popular and about seven million hectares of degraded area has been rehabilitated using area closure between the years 2011 and 2014. Moreover, a total of 15,404.6 ha of land have been established as area exclosure in different regions of the country from the year 2015-2019. A total of 1.4 Mha degraded lands were rehabilitated using area exclosures so far. Exclosures play vital role to restore native vegetation composition, richness, diversity, rehabilitation of degraded lands, reducing soil erosion, recharging ground water, increase soil and above ground biomass. In addition it provides considerable fodder access for livestocks and efficient to increase financial income for households.
This study screened Xanthomonas strains isolated from tomato, pepper, mango and banana with black rot spots for potential to produce xanthan gum. The leaves were washed in normal saline and tenfold dilution was prepared. Aliquots (1ml) were plated on Nutreint agar and incubated at 37˚C for 48h. Colonies with yellow pigmentation were gram stained. Gram negative rod bacteria were subjected to emulsification test. Isolates with yellow colonies, gram negative rods and which exhibited stable emulsion in carbon enriched medium were reagarded as potential xanthan gum producers. Eight (61.5%) of the isolates screened fulfil these conditions. Biochemical tests on the isolates revealed that the organism were Xanthomonas species and were coded accordingly (BX2, BX3, PX4, MX6, PX7, MX8, TM9, TX11). The best two strains (TM9 and BX3)were subjected to molecular analysis and were found to be Xanthomonas campestris CPBF 211 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia IAE127. Xanthomonas campestris CPBF 211 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia IAE127 were more efficient xanthan gum producers, yielding 21.01 g/l and 1.63 g/l of xanthan gum after 96 h. The xanthan gums produced were characterized by apparent viscosity, emulsification index, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry and the results revealed little or no variations between the xanthan gum produced and the commercial xanthan gum. However, there was more apparent viscosity from xanthan gum by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia IAE127 (660.6 mPas) than those of Xanthomonas campestris CPBF 211 (526.1mPas) and commercial xanthan gum (411.3mPas) respectively. The results revealed that as the fermentation time increased the biomass also increased. The xanthan gum yield by the two organisms was found to increase from 0.92 to 7.6 g/l and 0.99 to 4.55 g/l under optimized conditions of pH: (9.0, 7.0), temperature (25C) carbon source (0.2% pineapple peels, 0.2% sugarcane bagasse) and nitrogen source (yeast extract) respectively. The gums exhibited good thermal stability and were structurally similar. The results suggest that Xathomonas species are good candidates for xanthan gum production.
This paper gives a brief overview of the potential application of remote sensing in water resources. Here we discuss about developing and existing technology of GIS and RS which is widely used in almost every field like urban planning, construction, forest management, hospital, defense centers, hydrological mapping etc. groundwater is considered the major portion of the world’s freshwater resources. Whereas this resources need to be sustainably developing and one of the prominent challenge towards this is better management of freshwater resources. Integrated use of remote sensing and GIS have been generally used to describe the surface water bodies and hydro-metrological variables such as precipitation, temperature, soil moisture, land surface characteristics and evapotranspiration fluxes. Today almost near real time spatial-temporal data’s can be recorded frequently which is beneficial for monitoring drought, flood estimation and irrigation management. From last few decades groundwater used for domestic, industrial, commercial and various other purposes. Therefore exploitation of resource leads to contaminate it, meanwhile fluoride is one of the prominent pollution that deteriorate the groundwater second most important pollutant is nitrate. This article illuminates major pollutants and their sources in groundwater also discuss about reliable methods and tool that help in development and management of groundwater resources.
Accurate estimation of the global solar radiation on a horizontal surface at a place is essential to design and check the performance of solar energy devices. This study focused on evaluating monthly average daily global solar radiation (DGSR) and monthly average global solar radiation (GSR), as well as comparing the six models used in the estimations, over Lalibela and Sirinka in Northern Ethiopia. The best models were selected according to the values of statistical performance evaluation. For Lalibela the best model to estimate DGSR was LO-model with values of MBE=-0.092 KWh/m2day, RMSE= 0.402 KWh/m2day, MPE=-1,969 % and for Sirinka- GM model with values of MBE=-0.575 KWh/m2day, RMSE= 0.643 KWh/m2day, MPE=-9.764 %. The best estimator of monthly average GSR over Lalibela was AP model with values of MBE=0.159 KWh/m2day, RMSE= 0.245 KWh/m2day, MPE=2.802 % and for Sirinka- LO model with values of MBE=- 0.007 KWh/m2day, RMSE= 0.522 KWh/m2day, MPE=0.033 %. At Lallibela site, the estimated monthly average DGSR range from 4.38 KWh/m2 (in August) to 7.16 KWh/m2 (in March) and the monthly average GSR estimated is 4.96 KWh/m2 (in July) and 6.69 KWh/m2 (in March). The estimated monthly mean DGSR range from a 3.80 KW/m2 (in January) to a 5.97 KW/m2 (in May) while the predicted monthly mean GSR varies from a 4.48 KW/m2 (in January) to a 6.75 KW/ m2 (in May) for Sirinka site. Most importantly, results show that estimation of DGSR and GSR not only takes into account meteorological data but also includes the latitudinal difference between the sites (GM model) and values of Nnh (LO model). The overall results suggest that the sunshine based empirical models had better performance compared with the temperature based empirical models for both study sites. Finally, Lalibela site has a higher global solar radiation potential than Sirinka.
The neritic mysid Anchialina agile was recorded off the coast and at the Lusitanian and Azores Atlantic seamounts. This mysid indicates sunlight hour’s migration; it become close to the seabackside all through the day and migrated in the direction of the floor waters all through the night. Current advection from the coast to offshore might be the beginning of the huge dispersal of the species from the Iberian and north-African coast to the seamounts.
Aims: This study was designed to determine the extent of contamination of water storage tanks by non-lactose fermenter Enterobacter spp, and to characterize the chlorine and antibiotic resistance status. Finally, to find the correlation between biofilm formation and resistance to chlorine. Methods: A total of 60 water samples were collected from residential and restaurant water storage tanks. Bacterial analysis and antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the samples were assessed by the most probable number (MPN) and Vitek 2 compact tests, respectively. The biofilm formation was quantified by crystal violet staining method and chlorine resistance test by microdilution technique. Results: More coliform group contamination was recorded in residential- 40% than the restaurant water tanks 30%. Further evaluation of the samples assessed to be negative by the MPN test showed that 44% of home- and 43% of restaurant water samples were positive for Enterobacter cloacae. Further analysis of these isolates revealed that they displayed variation in resistance to different concentrations of chlorine, and similar antibiotic susceptibility profiles. Biofilm analysis showed no difference in biofilm formation, except the isolates that were resistant to concentration of chlorine, 400 mg L-1, formed significantly more biofilm than those that were resistant to other concentrations. A moderate positive non-linear correlation (r = 0.72) was found between the degree of biofilm formation and the ability of isolates to resist different chlorine concentrations (p<0.05), and no correlation has been detected between antibiotic and chlorine resistance. Conclusions: The presence of E. cloacae in drinking water suggests a public health concern. The routine microbial water analysis should be modified to include detection of non-lactose fermenter Enterobacter. Impact of Study: The presence of chlorine resistant, non-lactose fermenter Enterobacter spp in drinking water can pose a real public health threat. Therefore, the water samples should be routinely tested for the presence of Enterobacter spp.
In agriculture significantly reduce food production particularly in the developing world due to different plant diseases, caused by naturally infected-pathogens. So the Government of India wants to reorient the COVID-19 crisis by developing policyinitiative. In biomedicines, highly-trace-tolerance-amaranthvegetables or the plant-virus; Amaranth-Mosaic-Virus,OkraYellow-Vein-Mosaic-Virus, Amaranth-Leaf-Curl-Virus, and Okra-Enation-Leaf-Curl-Virus, treatments, as one of the most powerful cost-effective emergency-healthcare easily-available safe-edible prepare-able easy-applicable future-potentialpersonalized-biomedicine as vaccines and safe alternative to live replicating COVID-19 ‘Vaccines’, enriching food-security green-economy medical-science-and-technologycommunication applications issues. Now it is planned to publish as suggestions; the use of amaranth as biomedicines, and okra as future-biomedicines, based healthy diet and greater prevention against Sars-Cov-2, by boosting our immune system which may significantly solve, “Amaranth Plant Protects Climate-Health-Development Socio-Economy SciencesTechnology-Communication: Act as Potential BiomedicineVaccine against Plant-Disease and 21st Century-EpidemicCOVID-19-Diseases” to access the pharmacological developments globally.
Urbanization is one of the key elements that make a contribution to city flooding, which has prompted most important destruction to the environment, public and personal homes and disrupts public lifestyles. In particular, the boom in populace and constructing density affect the alternate in hydrological traits in city regions. This have a look at assessed the method to drainage machine sustainability in Bodily metropolis
The current pandemic of COVID-19 triggered a rethinking of the basics of the environmental interrelatedness between development, climate change and invasive diseases. Given the fact that human-nature relationship determines both human health and environmental quality, this analytical study showed that both invasive diseases such as the recent pandemic of COVID-19 and climate change have a common root, which has resulted from an overall environmental deterioration. This deterioration has been caused by a universal human approach of development, which aims to keep economies growing at the cost of environmental sustainability. The major consequences of this approach are both a disruptive ecological cycles and a depleted natural ability of the environment to balance itself. Therefore, there is more than ever an urgent need to mobilize governments to act on climate change, take mitigation measures to alleviate global warming and combat the loss of biodiversity by adopting the sustainable development approach.
In an international context characterized via way of means of endured populace increase and expanded urbanisation in rising economies and the least advanced areas of the sector, pressures on environmental assets are intensifying. Extreme results on ecosystems in each city and rural groups are of putting up with challenge, as evidenced in water and meals insecurity, and bad air quality. The writer compares various procedures to the gathering and use of proof, and the methods wherein researchers may also have an impact on coverage choices and their implementation.
In the old, physical, way of regarding the Product Electricity; as being similar to water flowing in pipes, the statement “All power mixes on the grid!” held true. However, from a market and consumer power point of view, from an economic view of the product that we purchase (i.e. the Product Electricity), that statement is false. [ ] The Product Electricity which is audited; Production vs Consumption, does not mix with any other Product Electricity. Only the Products Electricity which are not audited does mix. The anonymous agents who are the carriers of the purchased Product Electricity, i.e. the kWh:s, are mixed. The product itself (the Product Electricity) is not mixed. [ ] This new perspective is not intuitively easy to understand, especially not for electrical engineers or anyone working in the power sector. Nevertheless, it is the correct way to understand the new situation with deregulated power markets offering different “colours” of power, i.e. Products Electricity with different environmental loads. In this new situation the new perspective on the Product Electricity shows that there exists a possible choice of not consuming any coal power. However, the market based methods for reporting purchased electricity do have shortcomings and this article proposes a concrete solution to the most apparent problem; that it is possible to buy only the Guarantee of Origin (GO), separate from the Product Electricity itself. The fact that transactions like that are both allowed and correct (in theory) they do not increase the acceptance, nor the understanding of how it is actually possible to not purchase and consume any coal power. Furthermore, the ongoing important scientific discussion about consumer power on the power markets is hindered.
Evidence in human beings indicates a correlation among nicotine smoking and extreme respiration signs and symptoms with COVID-19 contamination. In lung tissue, angiotensin-changing enzyme 2 (ACE2) seems to mechanistically underlie viral entry. Here, we investigated whether or not e-cigarette vapour inhalation alters ACE2 and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) expression in male and woman mice. In male lung, nicotine vapour inhalation triggered a sizable growth in ACE2 mRNA and protein, however surprisingly, those variations had been now no longer located in females.
Environmentalism has emerged as an area wherein Chinese civil society has grown to be more and more active, with have an effect on ability nevertheless not possible in different areas. While the political sensitivity of environmental studies and protection worries for environmentalist contributors have absolutely dissipated truly for the reason that 1990s, moral issues stay vital for my studies on Chinese non-governmental enterprises (NGOs) and company environmental obligation. The relative legitimisation of NGOs gives a brand new predicament for cutting edge fieldwork; participatory strategies and booklet of findings might also additionally have an effect on for higher or worse the sports and consequences of enterprises and members
Power-to-Fuel (P2F) generation and the outcomes such generation ought to have at the destiny power mix. P2F is widely described as the use of electric power to supply a gasoline from its factor elements, regularly with inside the presence of a catalyst. The maximum acquainted is the manufacturing of gasoline the use of the hydrogen and carbon through the Fischer-Tropic process. The technical readiness, compares the projected economics, and gift how incorporating it into an offshore renewable power improvement scheme ought to make hereto uneconomic renewable power improvement regions profitable.
