Sinonasal malignant melanoma (SNMM) accounts for less than 1% of melanomas and less than 4% of sinonasal tumors. They are uncommon, aggressive tumors originating from mucosal melanocytes.[1] Elderly individuals often experience nonspecific symptoms, such as obstruction or epistaxis, which can lead to a delayed diagnosis. . In order to stop the tumor from spreading locally and regionally, an early and precise diagnosis is crucial because the tumor is extremely aggressive. The number of sinonasal malignant melanomas that have been reported and published has increased recently.
PURPOSE To report a case of late calcification of a hydrophilic acrylic IOL (Intraocular Lens) eight years after uncomplicated cataract surgery, highlighting its clinical presentation, management, and histopathological features. CASE REPORT A 54-year-old female presented with a three-year history of progressive, painless diminution of vision in the right eye. She had undergone bilateral cataract surgery eight years earlier, with no systemic comorbidities or additional ocular procedures. Best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2/60 in the right eye and 6/9 in the left eye. Slit-lamp examination revealed complete opacification of the right eye IOL with absent red reflex, while the left IOL was clear. Routine systemic investigations were normal. RESULTS The patient underwent right eye IOL exchange. A 6-mm scleral tunnel was created, and the opacified hydrophilic IOL was explanted intact. A rigid PMMA IOL was implanted in the capsular bag. Postoperatively, the patient was treated with topical corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and intraocular pressure–lowering agents. On day one, BCVA improved to 6/9 in the operated eye. Histopathological analysis of the explanted IOL revealed calcium deposits on both anterior and posterior surfaces, consistent with late calcification. CONCLUSION Late IOL calcification is a rare but significant cause of postoperative visual decline, particularly with hydrophilic acrylic lenses. Diagnosis requires clinical suspicion and histopathological confirmation. Since no medical treatment is effective, the definitive management involves surgical explantation and exchange. Case documentation is essential to enhance understanding of risk factors and inform IOL material selection in cataract surgery.
LEC (Lymphoepithelial Carcinoma) arising in the salivary glands is extremely rare; it was originally described by Hilderman in 1962 and comprises only 0.4% of salivary carcinomas.[1,2] It is identified by histopathological features of undifferentiated malignant epithelial cells within lymphoid stroma cells.[3] It has a female preponderance. It is associated with Epstein-Barr virus infection; the Arctic Inuit, Japanese, and Southern Chinese populations have a strong association with EBV infection.[4] The histology is closely related to nasopharyngeal carcinoma; hence, it has to be ruled out. Commonly found in foregut derivatives, salivary glands, thymus, stomach and liver. However, other anatomical locations, such as the bladder, lacrimal glands, ovaries, cervix, and skin, were also reported.[5] The mainstay of treatment of parotid LEC is surgical resection with adequate safety margins for patients with resectable tumours.[2] LEC is highly radiosensitive; hence, surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy improves the patients' long-term survival compared to those treated with surgery alone. We present this rare case of primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the left parotid gland, which was treated with superficial parotidectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy. Our case report describes an 85-year-old female diagnosed with primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the left parotid, treated with left superficial parotidectomy with adjuvant radiotherapy. There were no recurrences noted during one year of follow-up; currently, the patient is under regular follow-up. We present this rare case of primary lymphoepithelial carcinoma of the left parotid gland, which was treated with superficial parotidectomy followed by adjuvant radiotherapy.
BACKGROUND Children with autism spectrum disorder exhibit significantly higher levels of both internalising and externalising behaviours compared to typically developing peers. The severity of autism is associated with increasing internalising and externalising problems, i.e., more severe autism correlates with higher behavioural difficulties. Gender also plays a role in behavioural problems, females with ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) tend to exhibit more of internalising behaviours and males with ASD exhibit more externalising behaviours. There are limited Indian studies focussing on these areas. This study explores internalising and externalising behaviours in children with ASD and examines their relationship with the severity of autism and gender. METHODS A cross sectional analytical study of 60 children and adolescents between 7 and 18 years of age who are diagnosed with ASD is included in the study. The Indian Scale for Assessment of Autism scale was used to assess the severity of the autism and the CBCL (Child Behaviour Checklist) scale was used to assess the internalising and externalising behaviours. The association between the clinically significant behavioural problems and the severity of autism was analysed. The gender differences in the behavioural patterns are also analysed. RESULTS This study examined 60 children with ASD, revealing a predominance of males and with most of the cases classified as mild to moderate severity. Higher rates of behavioural and emotional problems were identified. About 40% had clinical-range internalising behaviours, 36.7% externalising problems and 66.7% showed elevated total CBCL scores. Externalising behaviours were significantly associated with autism severity (p = 0.02) and male gender (p = 0.04), whereas internalising behaviours showed no significant association. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the need to address behavioural issues in children with ASD through a multidisciplinary approach.
The development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with acute pyelonephritis (APN) is relatively uncommon in the absence of structural urinary tract abnormalities or other known risk factors. With timely diagnosis and appropriate treatment, the condition is usually reversible and associated with a favorable renal outcome. This case report describes a 51-year-old male presenting with acute pyelonephritis (APN) associated with acute kidney injury (AKI) in the setting of underlying tuberculosis and the subsequent identification of Pott’s spine, highlighting the diagnostic complexity encountered in tuberculosis-endemic settings. Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is a well-documented disease with a long clinical history. Although its earliest description dates back to ancient Egypt, where the destruction of kidney parenchyma was recognized, the nomenclature of APN remains controversial, leading to semantic ambiguities that may cause confusion.[1] APN is a bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the kidney. Certain populations, including paediatric patients, renal transplant recipients, and pregnant women, require special attention due to their increased susceptibility to and risk of complications. Common symptoms of APN include fever, flank pain, nausea, vomiting, a burning sensation during urination, increased urinary frequency, and urinary urgency. Despite its prevalence, the incidence of APN varies across different countries. A Danish study reported an incidence of 6.8% in women and 2.7% in men affected by APN.[2] Urinary tract infections (UTIs) occur more frequently in young, sexually active women, making them more susceptible to conditions such as acute pyelonephritis. In contrast, men often experience poorer outcomes and a higher risk of mortality, largely due to the presence of comorbidities including diabetes mellitus, renal calculi, chronic kidney disease, and older age.[3,4] Pott disease, or spinal tuberculosis, is a form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that primarily affects the vertebral column. If not diagnosed and treated promptly, it can lead to serious complications such as spinal cord compression, paraplegia, chronic back pain, joint involvement, and abscess formation.[5] Among skeletal manifestations of tuberculosis, spinal involvement is the most common, accounting for nearly half of all cases. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), an estimated 10.4 million new tuberculosis cases were reported worldwide in 2016, with almost half occurring in the Southeast Asian region. India contributes a substantial proportion of the global tuberculosis burden, representing approximately 23% of all reported cases. Spinal tuberculosis typically arises from hematogenous dissemination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a primary focus, most often the lungs. Due to the vascular supply of the subchondral bone adjacent to the intervertebral disc, the paradiscal region is the site most frequently affected by vertebral tuberculosis.[6] Acute pyelonephritis and Pott’s disease are two separate medical conditions; however, when they occur together, the clinical presentation may become complex and pose significant diagnostic difficulties, especially in regions where tuberculosis is highly prevalent. Determining whether these conditions are manifestations of disseminated tuberculosis or represent independent coexisting diseases requires thorough clinical, laboratory, and radiological evaluation. Prompt and accurate diagnosis is crucial to ensure timely management and to reduce the risk of adverse outcomes. Here, we report the case of a 51-year-old man who presented with acute pyelonephritis complicated by acute kidney injury (AKI), in whom concurrent Pott’s spine was also identified.
Dermoid cysts are benign congenital tumors of ectodermal origin that typically arise along the midline where embryonic structures fuse but can also occur as acquired lesions. Dermoid cysts rarely occur in the oral and maxillofacial region. They are mostly asymptomatic swellings that are slow and progressive. They are often misdiagnosed as a plunging ranula and thus require differention from one another as they have different treatment strategies. Here, we present a rare presentation of a sublingual dermoid cyst that poses a significant diagnostic challenge. Dermoid cysts are benign congenital tumors of ectoderm origin. A ranula is a type of mucocele, a disease of the sublingual salivary gland. Here we report a case of submental dermoid mimicking ranula that was treated by complete surgical excision via transcervical approach.
A 62-year-old male presented to our ENT outpatient department after having noticed a growth in the oral cavity for the past 2 months. No bleeding or difficulty in swallowing was seen. There was no history of tobacco or alcohol intake. He was known to be hypertensive on medication. A solitary, well-circumscribed exophytic, pedunculated lesion of size approximately 1.5 cm x 1.5 cm over right side of the hard palate was seen (Fig.). The surface was irregular with a pinkish white appearance. It was firm in consistency and did not bleed on touch. After workup, he underwent excision of the lesion with bipolar cautery of the base under local anaesthesia. After excision, the base was cauterised. Post-operative period was uneventful. Histopathological examination revealed papillary projections of stratified squamous epithelium supported by fibrovascular cores, consistent with squamous papilloma. No epithelial dysplasia or malignancy was noted. No recurrence was observed on follow-up.
BACKGROUND Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is an endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age, characterised by hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and PCOM (Polycystic Ovarian Morphology). It has a global prevalence of 4–10%. PCOD often presents during adolescence and is diagnosed using the Rotterdam criteria, which require at least two of the following: oligo/anovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, or PCOM on ultrasound. METHODS This cross-sectional study involved 135 female patients clinically suspected of having PCOD, referred from the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for pelvic ultrasonography. Inclusion criteria included clinical features such as oligomenorrhoea, infertility, hirsutism, and obesity. Pelvic ultrasound was performed to assess ovarian volume, follicle count and size, and stromal echogenicity. Hormonal profiles (LH, FSH, LH/FSH ratio) were also evaluated. RESULTS The majority of participants (70.4%) were aged 18–25 years. Menstrual irregularities were reported in 88.8% of cases, subfertility in 42%, hirsutism in 35.5%, and obesity in 3.7%. Ovarian volume >10 cc was seen in 85.9% of participants. Follicle count >20 per ovary was observed in 88.8%, and 90.3% had follicles measuring 2–9 mm. Elevated LH levels were seen in 89.47% of patients with an ovarian volume >10 cc. A borderline significant association was found between ovarian volume and FSH levels. CONCLUSIONS While many patients were overweight or pre-obese, lean PCOD cases were also noted. Key ultrasound features, such as increased ovarian volume and peripheral follicle arrangement, showed strong correlations with hormonal imbalances, supporting the need for integrated and personalised approaches to diagnosis and management.
Acute pancreatitis causes include alcoholism, gall stones and drugs, but rarely it can be caused by severe hypertriglyceridemia. Hypertriglyceridemia is usually multifactorial. The mechanism of hypertriglyceridemia may be due to genetic factors, increased production and/or impaired clearance of TRLP (Triglyceride-Rich Protein). Familial hypertriglyceridemia is an autosomal dominant disorder associated with moderate elevations in the serum triglyceride (200-500mg/dl). Pregnancy can cause an exponential rise in triglyceride levels (>1000mg/dl) in patients having mutations with the lipoprotein lipase gene. HIAP (Hypertriglyceridemia-Induced Acute Pancreatitis) accounts for 4% of all cases of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy. Though rare, hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis may lead to maternal and fetal complications. A multi-disciplinary team approach is very crucial as maternal and fetal needs must be addressed. HTG (Hypertriglyceridemia) is one of the rare causes of acute pancreatitis in pregnancy. Hypertriglyceridemia in pregnancy is multifactorial; among them familial chylomicronemia syndrome is the most severe form.[1] Delay in recognition and proper management, is associated with high maternal and fetal mortality rates. As the duration of pregnancy increases the risk of pancreatitis associated with HTG also rises to 19% in first trimester, 26% in the 2nd trimester, 53% in the 3rd trimester, and 2% in the post-partum period.[2]
Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental dental anomaly that predisposes teeth to early pulp necrosis and periapical pathology, often thereby complicating conventional endodontic therapy. This report presents the successful surgical management of a maxillary lateral incisor with Type I DI and chronic apical periodontitis in a 20-year-old patient. Following root canal treatment, periapical surgery was performed incorporating adjunctive techniques, ultrasonic retrograde irrigation using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) gels, and postoperative low-level diode laser therapy to enhance disinfection and healing. At the two-year follow-up, the tooth demonstrated complete clinical and radiographic healing with reformation of the lamina dura and periodontal ligament space. This case underscores the diagnostic value of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and highlights the role of surgical endodontics augmented with adjunctive disinfection and Photobiomodulation in optimizing outcomes for complex cases of dens invaginatus. Dens invaginatus (DI) is a rare morphogenic aberration caused by an inward folding of the enamel organ into the dental papilla during odontogenesis, occurring prior to hard tissue formation.[1] The prevalence of DI has been reported to range from 0.3% to 10% and it exhibits a predilection for permanent maxillary lateral incisors.[2] Oehler’s classification remains the most widely accepted system, categorizing Dens invaginatus into three types: Type I confined to the crown, Type II extending into the root but not communicating with the periapical tissues, and Type III extending through the root with a separate apical foramen.[3] The abnormal internal anatomy associated with DI not only predisposes the tooth to early pulp necrosis and periapical pathology but also poses significant therapeutic difficulties. The complexity of these malformations often compromises conventional root canal treatment, as canal negotiation, biomechanical preparation, and obturation are technically challenging or in some cases impossible.[4] Various treatment strategies have been proposed, tailored to the type of invagination and the stage of pulp involvement. Preventive measures include prophylactic sealing of the invagination in clinically accessible cases.[5] Once pulp or periradicular pathology develops, endodontic therapy is indicated, with approaches ranging from conventional nonsurgical treatment and guided endodontics to intentional replantation or endodontic microsurgery.[6] When nonsurgical approaches are limited by complex anatomy or fail to achieve healing, surgical endodontic management enables direct visualization and management of the apical area, effective debridement of periapical pathology, and precise retrograde filling.[7] This report aims to describe a combined surgical and adjunctive approach for managing Type I dens invaginatus with chronic apical periodontitis, while highlighting diagnostic and therapeutic considerations.
G4P1L1A2 with polyhydramnios underwent Elective LSCS. Intraoperatively dense adhesions noted. On pod-8, the patient presented with increased bleeding p/v. On examination, a uterus of 24 weeks’ size, intermittently relaxing. Her coagulation profile was deranged [PT-45.3, APTT-93, INR-4.04]. Portable ultrasound suggested a probability of retained products of conception. The patient was stabilized with blood and blood products. USG-guided suction and evacuation were attempted, but the procedure was abandoned as the uterine cavity enlarged and no products obtained. Emergency Subtotal Hysterectomy with B/L internal iliac artery ligation performed. The patient withstood the procedure well. Post-operatively she was managed with blood and blood products. Histopathology report-grossly postpartum uterus measuring 15x15x5 cm without cervix and adnexa. The endometrial cavity appears shaggy brown and the right posterior aspect shows adherent dark brown hemorrhagic tissue measuring 1.5 cm in thickness adherent to the myometrium. Microscopically, the endometrium has large ectatic blood vessels which display scattered trophoblasts within the wall. Many of these vessels show a lack of endothelial lining. Some of the vessels show fibrin thrombi; chorionic villi are not seen. Consistent with placental site vessel sub involution. There is no evidence of retained products of conception. Risk factors in this patient are previous LSCS with dense adhesions, and inflammation affecting blood vessels. Conservative management like uterine artery embolization can be done where facilities are available. Placental site subinvolution is a rare form of secondary PPH that has always been underdiagnosed. Incidence of postpartum haemorrhage from subinvolution is most common in the second week postpartum. Diagnosis confirmed by histopathology.
Gastrointestinal duplications are rare congenital malformations which can occur anywhere in the GIT (Gastrointestinal Tract).[1] They are bounded by a common wall with or without a connection with the bowel. The cyst contains one outer muscular layer which is lined with different types of GI mucosa. GIT duplications may present as either solid or cystic tumours, intussusception, perforation, obstruction, or Gl bleeding. Cysts are managed surgically depending on their size, shape and site of adherence.[2]
Adolescent-onset multiple sclerosis is uncommon and often poses diagnostic challenges due to overlap with other pediatric demyelinating disorders.[1,2] We report a well-documented case of RRMS (Relapsing–Remitting Multiple Sclerosis) in a 15-year-old girl who initially presented with unilateral optic neuritis followed six months later by brainstem–cerebellar symptoms. MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging) demonstrated multifocal supratentorial and infratentorialT2/FLAIR hyperintense lesions involving the brain and spinal cord, and CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) analysis showed positive oligoclonal bands. The diagnosis of RRMS was established using the 2017 McDonald criteria,[3] allowing early initiation of DMT (Disease Modifying Therapy) with interferon beta 1a after treatment of the acute relapse with intravenous methylprednisolone. This case highlights the educational value of timely recognition of adolescent-onset MS, application of the revised diagnostic criteria, and the importance of early DMT initiation in a resource conscious setting. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune mediated demyelinating disease of the central nervous system, predominantly affecting young adults.[1,4] Pediatric-onset MS accounts for approximately 3–5% of all MS cases, with a substantial proportion presenting during adolescence rather than early childhood.[2,4,5] Compared with adult-onset disease, pediatric and adolescent MS is characterized by higher relapse rates, more inflammatory MRI lesions, and potential long-term cognitive and psychosocial consequences.[2,6] Early diagnosis is therefore critical. The 2017 revision of the McDonald criteria, including the use of CSF specific oligoclonal bands to demonstrate dissemination in time, has facilitated earlier and more confident diagnosis even after limited clinical events.[3] We present an educational case of adolescent-onset RRMS illustrating these principles.
Gynaecology is a vast speciality, with increasing sub specialisation in recent years, including maternal and fetal medicine, reproductive medicine and infertility, gynecological oncology, uro- gynaecology, and minimally invasive benign gynaecology among others.[1] Endometriosis surgery is another rapidly evolving field, and along with gynaecological oncology, is demanding of extensive knowledge of pelvic anatomy as well as upper abdomen anatomy. Even for benign gynaecology with large broad ligament fibroids, or intractable PPH in Obstetrics, bilateral internal iliac artery ligation bilaterally by pelvic sidewall dissection skills, is mandatory and lifesaving.[2,3] This surgical technique article depicts step by step dissection (10 steps) of the pelvic sidewall and anatomy demonstration for safe completion of surgery, whether in uterine/ cervical cancer staging surgery with lymphadenectomy, or parametrial endometriosis or bilateral internal iliac artery ligation during PPH not controlled medically.
Pulmonary lymphangitis carcinomatosa (PLC) is a distinctive pattern of metastatic spread through the pulmonary lymphatic channels and is commonly associated with breast carcinoma. We present a case highlighting characteristic breast and lung imaging findings emphasizing the radiologist’s role in early diagnosis. Lymphangitis carcinomatosa accounts for a minority of pulmonary metastases but carries significant prognostic implications.[1] Breast carcinoma is among the most frequent primary malignancies associated with this condition. Tumour infiltration of pulmonary lymphatic channels leads to characteristic interstitial lung changes, often mimicking pulmonary edema or interstitial lung disease.[2] The 40-49 years age group is most commonly affected.[3] In 46% of patients respiratory symptoms are the initial presentation of the underlying carcinoma. The most common underlying primary tumours are breast (33%), stomach (29%) and lung cancers (17%). Approximately 50% die within 3 months of their first respiratory symptoms, but those with a primary prostatic carcinoma may have good remission with adjuvant hormonal therapy. Clinical, radiographic, and physiological features of drug-induced and radiation-induced pulmonary injury are often difficult to distinguish from other causes of pulmonary infiltrates (e.g., infections, pulmonary edema, alveolar hemorrhage, etc.).[4] Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) is essential to exclude infectious etiologies. In some cases, surgical lung biopsies are required to establish a specific etiological diagnosis.
Mrs. X, 66 years of age, Para1, presented to us on 1st March 2021, with complaints of severe postmenopausal bleeding over the last 1 month. She had multiple co-morbidities like poorly controlled type 2 diabetes, chronic kidney disease, hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. She had been having milder bleeding episodes previously from November 2020, but evaluation was postponed due to an acute episode of stroke in December 2020. She was on two anti-platelet medications at the time of her presentation in March 2021. She was found to have pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q grade 3 with large cystocele and posterior compartment defects) along with increased postmenopausal bleeding at the time of presentation. Her Hb was 7gm% and her HbA1c of 7.6% also needed correction. She underwent hysteroscopy and endometrial biopsy, which revealed a 3x3 cm submucosal endometrial growth (Figure 1).
Mrs Y, 39 years of age, was referred on 20/5/23 to our emergency as G5P2L2A2(2 previous LSCS for both live births) with severe pelvic pain and a positive urinary pregnancy test, bleeding per vagina for 5days and an outside ultrasound (USG) suggestive of a complex 4cm right adnexal mass, likely a cornual ectopic pregnancy. Her last menstrual period was on 27/4/23 and the complete lack of amenorrhea at all for a large tubal ectopic was suspicious. Later she informed us that during her 2nd miscarriage in August 2020, she had a dilatation and evacuation, and she had a molar pregnancy. There were no notes/slides/histopathology report. Verbally she was told that she did not need chemotherapy, as on serial assessment serial beta hCG had normalised by Dec-Jan 2021. Her serum b HCG on admission on 20/5/2023 was 41,270 U/l with normal CA125, LDH and AFP. Her pelvic USG done in our hospital, revealed an enlarged 12x6 cm uterus with an empty cavity, with a 1x1 cm hypervascular cystic lesion in anterior myometrium subserosally, and a 5.5x4.2x6.6cm right adnexal highly vascular multicystic likely neoplastic tumour between right ovary and uterus (Figures 1 & 2).
Plasma cell granuloma, also known as inflammatory pseudotumor, is one of the rare nonneoplastic lesions seen predominantly in the oral cavity or head and neck region. Its etiology, incidence, and biological behavior remain unclear. We are reporting a case of plasma cell granuloma in a 42-year-old male presenting with a complaint of reddish-white swelling near the left lower teeth region since the last 3 years, treated by excisional biopsy. A provisional diagnosis of plasma cell granuloma was given. The plasma cell granuloma is a rare non-neoplastic lesion that was originally documented by Bahadori and Liebow in 1973.[1] It can occur anywhere in the body, in any organ or soft tissue, and is commonly seen in the lungs. Other sites of involvement are the brain, kidney, stomach, and heart. Within the head and neck region, this condition has been observed in various locations, including the oral mucosa, temporal bone, tonsil, submandibular region, paranasal sinuses, tongue, and gingiva.[2-6] Plasma cell granuloma is known by several names, like inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor, inflammatory pseudotumor, and inflammatory myofibrohistiocytic proliferation. It is formed by aggregates of mature plasma cells along with fibroblasts and histiocyte-type mesenchymal cells arranged in a granulomatous pattern.
An appendicolith is defined as a calcified mass within the lumen of the appendix formed by the aggregation of fecal particles and inorganic salts.[1] Appendicolith can present with varied clinical features. With the advent of MDCT, the incidental identification of appendicolith in asymptomatic patients has increased in its prevalence. However, in a case series by Ranieri D et al., an appendicolith obstructing the lumen of the appendix, causing appendicitis was found in the CT scans of 38.7% of patients presenting with acute abdomen as suspected appendicitis.[2] Appendicitis, which is caused by appendicolith, is more commonly associated with perforation and abscess formation.[3] Appendicolith with appendicitis usually presents with intermittent right lower quadrant pain, rebound tenderness and fever.[4] But an appendicolith presenting as right upper quadrant pain mimicking a gallstone disease is a rare presentation.
Neurofibromas are benign nerve sheath tumors arising from Schwann cells and fibroblasts. They are commonly associated with NF1 (Neurofibromatosis Type 1) a genetic disorder with a birth incidence of about 1 in 3000 individuals. Chest wall neurofibroma is a relatively rare benign tumor, with a low incidence compared to other chest tumors. The specific incidence rate for anterior chest wall neurofibromas is not explicitly detailed in the search results; however, only a few cases have been reported.[1] This report discusses a case of a large benign neurofibroma of the anterior chest wall in a 39-year-old male, highlighting its clinical presentation, radiological features, surgical approach, and histopathological findings.
