Transscleral suture fixation plays a vital role during eye surgery, however postoperative complications still exist such as endophthalmitis, decentration or tilt of IOL (Intraocular Lens).Nowadays various sutureless intrascleral fixations of a Posterior Chamber IOL (PC-IOL) become popular in patients suffering insufficient capsular support.We enumerated and described 4 typical sutureless techniques of IOL fixation for aphakia.Further we also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the 4 techniques.
Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, with an estimated 64 million affected worldwide in 2013 and a projected 111 million by 2040 [1]. Retinal Ganglion Cells (RGCs), which serve as the communicators between the photosensitive retina and the brain, are lost irreversibly in optic neuropathies such as glaucoma. Early in glaucoma, while most RGCs remain viable, neuroprotective agents might slow disease progression modestly [2]. Since axon damage doesn’t necessitate an RGC’s death immediately, early detection might enable a neuroprotective treatment, and maybe a regenerative one, that encourages axon growth of existing RGC somas. Mitigating vision loss and finding better biomarkers are essential to clinical efforts, but restoring even minimal losses remains a challenge.
The Need for Controlling Myopia ProgressionMyopia is a common ocular disorder which usually involves an increased axial length of the eye.High myopia of more than -6.00 diopters is associated with a higher risk of ocular diseases [1].The prevalence rates of myopia are rising rapidly worldwide.Currently, every 1 out of 3 adults in the United States is myopic [2].In some Asian countries, 60% -80% of young adults are myopic [3].Some reports suggest that close to half of the world's population may be myopic by 2050.Of those, about 10% may have high myopia, which is linked to pathological myopia [4].
In many neurological diseases, retina is affected leading to partial or complete vision loss, which further depends upon the severity of the disease. For example, majority of the stroke victims suffer vision loss due to stroke-induced retinal damage [1,2]. Similarly, there is an aggregation of toxic huntingtin protein [3], intra retinal amyloid deposition [4], and loss of retinal dopaminergic neurons [5] in mouse model of Huntington, Alzheimer and Parkinson’s disease respectively. These studies strongly suggest the association between brain and the eye. However, questions remain how important is the pathophysiological responses of the retina of the eye in understanding these neurological diseases? This has not been well investigated. Moreover, why eye is the mirror/ window to the brain pathology? Part of the reason is the retina being a structure of the brain, which projects out of the diencephalon, similar embryonic origin as brain, shares similar brain vasculature, blood barriers as well as pathophysiology. Moreover, earlier changes necessary to understand the pathophysiology of specific neurological diseases is easily demonstrated in the retina of the eye as described above.
