Conservatism in nursing is frequently referenced in discussions of clinical practice and professional culture, yet it remains conceptually underexamined. This commentary proposes an analytical distinction between two forms of conservatism in nursing: constructive conservatism, which reflects context-sensitive clinical caution that supports patient safety and professional responsibility, and inhibitory conservatism, which manifests as inertia, silence, or resistance that may constrain evidence-based practice and professional development. Rather than treating conservatism as an inherently positive or negative attribute, the paper situates its different forms across clinical, organizational-cultural, and professional levels. By clarifying these conceptual boundaries, this commentary aims to stimulate more precise scholarly dialogue and guide future empirical research on conservatism in nursing.
Background Caring for people with mental health conditions has traditionally been a family issue. In industrialized countries, responsibility shifted in the early 19th century to large psychiatric institutions, often located in rural, tranquil settings where nature was considered therapeutic. More recently, policy has emphasized recovery-oriented, community-based models in which informal caregivers collaborate closely with healthcare professionals. In many low- and middle-income countries, limited formal services, shortages of trained staff, and long distances to care mean families remain the primary caregivers, often alongside traditional healers and religious leaders. Methods This scoping review, conducted in accordance with Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines, synthesizes informal caregivers' perspectives on mental healthcare in Tanzania. A comprehensive search completed on June 30, 2025, across Embase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Scopus identified 1795 unique records; 153 were reviewed in full. Of 95 Tanzania-focused articles, 12 examined informal caregiving. Results The studies reported discontinuity of care and follow-up, limited access to psychotropic medications, transportation problems, and challenges managing patients' symptoms and behaviors. Informal caregivers described healthcare system constraints, including family violence, shortages of healthcare personnel, centralized services, medication scarcity, and weak infrastructure, which limit delivery of best practices, particularly in rural regions. Conclusion Overall, mental health in Tanzania remains profoundly family-centred: informal caregivers are consistently present yet experience work overload, emotional distress, and unmet support needs. These findings underscore the importance of strengthening community-based services and integrating informal caregiver support.
Background Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is considered the gold standard treatment for gallstones and acute cholecystitis; however, postoperative pain remains a common issue that affects recovery and patient satisfaction. This study aimed to investigate the effect of suction irrigation with 2% lidocaine on postoperative pain reduction. Methods In this triple-blind randomized clinical trial, 70 patients with gallstones who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Arak University of Medical Sciences were enrolled. Participants were randomly assigned, using block randomization, to either the control group (suction irrigation with 0.9% normal saline) or the intervention group (100 mL of 0.9% saline containing 2 mg/eq of 2% lidocaine) administered for 5–10 min during the final stage of surgery. Pain intensity in the shoulder, abdomen, and right upper quadrant was assessed at 2, 6, 12, and 24 h postoperatively using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Analgesic consumption was also recorded at predefined intervals. Data were analyzed using IBM SPSS Statistics version 23. Baseline characteristics were compared using appropriate statistical tests, and an ordinal logistic regression model was used to evaluate the association between the intervention and postoperative pain after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Results Seventy patients were equally allocated to the intervention and control groups. Pain severity was significantly lower in the lidocaine group at 2, 6, and 12 h after surgery (P < 0.05), with no significant difference observed at 24 h (P = 0.055). Ordinal logistic regression showed that treatment group, age, and postoperative assessment time were significant predictors of postoperative pain. After adjustment for potential confounders, patients in the lidocaine group had significantly higher odds of experiencing lower pain levels than those in the normal saline group (OR = 4.21, 95% CI: 2.34–7.24, P < 0.001). Conclusion Peritoneal irrigation with 0.9% saline plus 2% lidocaine is more effective than saline alone in reducing postoperative pain, hospital stay, and overall treatment costs after laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
Background Self-management is essential for cancer patients, especially those with Totally Implantable Venous Access Ports (TIVAP), as they must independently manage symptoms and maintain device hygiene. However, various barriers can impede effective self-care. Aim To assess self-management behaviours and explore perceived barriers associated with TIVAP self-management among colorectal cancer patients. Additionally, to examine the relationship between these barriers and self-management behaviours and identify significant predictors of poor self-management. Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 colorectal cancer patients using TIVAP at Ayadi-Almostakbal Oncology Centre in Alexandria, Egypt. Data were collected through validated self-report tools assessing self-management behaviours and perceived barriers. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and binary logistic regression were employed for data analysis. Results Findings indicated that 68.8% of participants exhibited unsatisfactory self-management, particularly in the planning, emotional adjustment, and knowledge domains. Physical limitations due to chemotherapy (88%) and lack of knowledge (80%) were the most frequently reported barriers. Statistically significant negative correlations were observed between perceived barriers and self-management behaviours, with physical limitations showing the strongest correlation (r = −0.61). Multiple regression analysis identified factors independently associated with poorer self-management behaviours, explaining 58% of the variance in self-management. Conclusion Colorectal cancer patients with TIVAP displayed generally poor self-management behaviours, significantly associated with physical, psychological, and informational barriers. The findings support the need for targeted nursing interventions to address these barriers.
Conservatism in health care is frequently invoked in clinical discourse, yet its meaning remains conceptually unstable. It is often used to describe a wide range of practices, from prudent restraint and watchful waiting to clinical inertia or resistance to innovation. This ambiguity matters because, in contemporary health systems shaped by overdiagnosis, overtreatment, intervention bias, and rising costs, the ability to distinguish evidence-based restraint from harmful underuse has become increasingly important. This commentary clarifies conservatism in health care as a mode of cautious, evidence-sensitive clinical judgment rather than an ideological reluctance to act. It defines evidence-based conservatism as the deliberate selection of the least invasive or least intensive effective intervention, coupled with continuous reassessment and readiness to escalate care when clinically indicated. The discussion distinguishes this orientation from related but ethically and operationally distinct constructs, including defensive medicine, clinical inertia, and unreflective resistance to change. The commentary further examines the clinical, nursing, and policy implications of conservative decision-making. It argues that, when applied proportionately and in context, conservatism can reduce low-value care, minimize iatrogenic harm, support patient-centered practice, and improve resource stewardship. At the same time, if poorly defined or misapplied, it may reinforce outdated routines or conceal unjustified care delays. By proposing core strategic principles and illustrating their relevance to nursing practice, this paper offers a conceptual foundation for understanding conservatism as a legitimate and accountable component of high-value, safety-oriented care.
Background Marburg virus disease (MVD) poses a significant threat to African health systems, with case fatality rates reaching 88% and no licensed vaccines available. Population knowledge and practices are essential for outbreak containment, yet no systematic review has synthesized evidence across the continent. This review estimated pooled MVD knowledge prevalence and examined the awareness-to-action gap in preventive practices. Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus, CINAHL, and African Journals Online from inception to March 2025. Studies reporting quantitative knowledge or practice prevalence among African populations were eligible. Random-effects meta-analysis pooled knowledge estimates with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Practices were synthesized narratively due to heterogeneous outcome definitions. Results Twelve studies (6131 participants) were included in the meta-analysis, yielding a pooled knowledge prevalence of 36.8% (95% CI: 27.2, 46.4) with substantial heterogeneity (I2 = 98.7%). Seven studies were synthesized narratively for practices, revealing patterns suggestive of an awareness-to-action gap: practice adherence ranged from 8.3% for disaster preparedness to 78% for routine exposure avoidance. Publication bias tests were non-significant (Egger's p = 0.314; Begg's p = 0.837), and meta-regression showed no association with sample size (p = 0.873) or publication year (p = 0.854). Conclusion Across the limited number of studies from selected African settings, approximately one-third of participants demonstrated good MVD knowledge; however, patterns suggestive of an awareness-to-action gap were observed. Practice was highly behavior-specific, with routine behaviors achieving moderate adherence while high-effort measures showed lower adherence. Context-specific interventions appear warranted. Given the limited and heterogeneous evidence base, findings should not be generalized to all African populations without caution.
Purpose To culturally adapt and validate the KAP-COVID-19 instrument into Brazilian Portuguese for individuals with cardiovascular disease and to characterize their knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods A multi-method study was conducted in two sequential phases. Phase 1 consisted of the cross-cultural translation, adaptation, and content validation of the KAP-COVID-19 instrument by an expert committee, using the Content Validity Index (CVI), with a predefined acceptable threshold of ≥0.80. Phase 2 comprised a cross-sectional correlational study involving adults with cardiovascular disease receiving care at a public tertiary hospital in Brazil. Sociodemographic, clinical, and KAP data were collected using the adapted instrument. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed to examine associations between participant characteristics and KAP scores, adopting a significance level of 5.0% and a 95.0% confidence interval. Results During Phase 1, all instrument items achieved satisfactory content validity (CVI ≥ 0.80), supporting the cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version (KAP-COVID-19-Br). In Phase 2, 103 individuals with cardiovascular disease completed the instrument. Participants achieved a mean knowledge score corresponding to 75.3% correct responses. Older age was significantly associated with lower knowledge scores (r = −0.21; p = .030), whereas the presence of comorbidities showed no significant association with knowledge (p > .050). Positive preventive practices were reported by 80.0% of participants, and 74.2% demonstrated favorable attitudes toward COVID-19 prevention and control. The instrument successfully identified specific strengths and gaps across the three KAP domains. Conclusions The KAP-COVID-19-Br demonstrated satisfactory content validity and proved to be a useful instrument for assessing knowledge, attitudes, and preventive practices related to COVID-19 among individuals with cardiovascular disease. The findings highlight areas requiring targeted educational interventions and support the use of the instrument to inform patient education, health promotion strategies, and preparedness for future infectious disease outbreaks in populations at high cardiovascular risk.
Background During pregnancy, women experience physiological, emotional, and behavioral changes that may negatively impact men. There is no theory based on empirical data that can explain how men adjust to these changes. Objectives The aim of this study was to develop a grounded theory to explain how men adjust to the changes in emotions and behaviors of their partners during pregnancy. Methods A theoretical sample of 29 men having lived with a pregnant wife or intimate partner, female partners, and parents were included. Open coding was initiated with three participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with audio recording and note-taking. Grounded theory analysis was used. Rigor and all methods to ensure trustworthiness were ensured. Results Four core categories emanating from data conceptualized as four sequential stages of men's adjustment pattern to the emotional and behavioral changes of their partners during pregnancy emerged. These included (i) the men's emotional reactions towards pregnancy; (ii) the phase of men's experience and initial reactions to behavioral and emotional changes related to pregnancy; (iii) the men's initial adjustment pattern to reconstruct the relationship; and (iv) the late men's adjustment to “fit in” or “get away” behaviors. The theory was conceptualized as being sequential and linear, although an overlap between stages may occur. Conclusion The emotional and behavioral changes of women during pregnancy impact men's ability to adjust with either positive or negative behaviors. A package of prenatal care could include sessions that teach men how to adjust well and be helpful to their pregnant partners.
Context Mentoring plays a key role in the development of nursing education and professional practice. Despite the growing importance of this topic, a comprehensive overview of global research trends in mentoring in nursing remains limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the structure and evolution of research in this field using a bibliometric approach. Evidence acquisition A bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Scopus database, selected for its broad coverage and citation indexing capabilities. The search included all records indexed from 1970 to January 24, 2024. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel and VOSviewer to identify publication trends, leading countries, authors, journals, and keyword patterns. Results A total of 995 publications on mentoring in nursing were identified. The first study was published in 1970, and a marked increase in publication output was observed after 2020. The United States was the most productive country, and Nurse Education Today was the most active journal. The most frequently used keywords included “mentoring,” “mentorship,” and “nursing,” indicating a strong thematic focus in the field. Conclusion Research on mentoring in nursing has shown substantial growth over time, with increasing concentration in specific countries, authors, and journals. The findings also suggest a stable core of research themes alongside emerging topics, reflecting the ongoing development and expansion of this field.
Background Ethical sensitivity and cultural competence are essential components of high-quality nursing care, particularly in intensive care units (ICUs), where nurses face complex ethical situations and culturally diverse patient populations. However, the relationship between these two constructs has been insufficiently explored in critical care settings. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 among 178 ICU and CCU nurses working in hospitals affiliated with Qom University of Medical Sciences, Iran. Participants were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Data were collected using demographic questionnaires, the Moral sensitivity questionnaire, and the cultural competence scale for clinical nurses. Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression analyses with HC3 robust standard errors were performed. Results Ethical sensitivity was positively and significantly associated with cultural competence (β = 0.406, P < 0.001). Nurses aged 45 years and older demonstrated higher cultural competence, while those with 10–20 years of nursing experience showed lower scores. Marital status was not a significant predictor. Conclusion Ethical sensitivity is a key predictor of cultural competence among ICU nurses. Educational interventions aimed at enhancing ethical sensitivity may improve culturally competent nursing care in critical care settings.
Nursing is central to safe, continuous and person-centred care, but its public image in Somalia remains shaped by misconceptions, gender stereotypes and professional undervaluation. This critical philosophical inquiry examines how social assumptions about nursing are connected to workforce regulation, gender norms, professional identity and health-system fragility. The paper applies critical consciousness to identify taken-for-granted misconceptions, uses philosophical and policy analysis to interpret how undervaluation affects professional recognition, and proposes practical directions for strengthening nursing visibility in Somalia. It draws on international nursing literature, Somalia-focused health workforce documents, regulatory materials, professional association sources and recent local studies. The analysis argues that nursing should be understood not only through bedside care but also through leadership, policy engagement, patient safety, education, research, coordination and health-system strengthening. Reframing nursing therefore requires clearer licensing and scope-of-practice systems, stronger professional associations, gender-inclusive recruitment, visible nursing leadership, better workforce data, public communication and empirical research on public attitudes toward nursing. Strengthening the social standing of nurses should be treated as part of strengthening Somalia's health workforce, quality of care and public trust in health services.
Background Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) exposes critical care nurses to acute technical and emotional demands. Evidence on coping and job self-efficacy among nurses with repeated real-world CPR experience is limited. Objective To examine the association between coping strategies and job self-efficacy among nurses involved in in-hospital CPR. Methods This cross-sectional study included 214 nurses from cardiac and critical care units of a tertiary cardiovascular center in Tehran, Iran, during 2024–2025. Coping and self-efficacy were measured using the CISS-48 and Job Self-Efficacy and Outcome Expectancy Scale. Analyses included Welch's ANOVA, Games–Howell tests, correlations, and multivariable linear regression with robust standard errors. Results Problem-focused coping was the most frequent dominant strategy (84.6%). Total self-efficacy differed across groups (Welch's F = 5.26, p = 0.014, η2 = 0.057). The emotion-focused group had higher self-efficacy than the problem-focused group (mean difference = 4.30, 95% CI: 0.64–7.96, p = 0.019); comparisons involving the avoidance group were non-significant. After covariate adjustment, emotion-focused coping (B = 0.220, 95% CI: 0.100–0.341, p < 0.001) and avoidance coping (B = 0.121, 95% CI: 0.007–0.236, p = 0.038) were positively associated with self-efficacy, whereas problem-focused coping was not. The model explained 21.5% of the variance. Conclusions Coping and job self-efficacy were associated in a context-dependent manner. These findings do not establish causality or indicate that avoidance coping is adaptive.
Introduction Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are prevalent among nurses globally, varying across regions and body areas. They pose a significant occupational health burden due to physical workload, psychosocial stressors, and poor ergonomic conditions. In Namibia, particularly in intermediate hospitals such as Katutura, Onandjokwe, Oshakati, and Rundu, nurses work under resource constraints, including staffing shortages, high patient loads, and limited ergonomic support, which may worsen WRMSDs. However, evidence on multifactorial ergonomic interventions remains limited. This study explored interventions to prevent WRMSDs among nurses. Methods A qualitative exploratory descriptive study was conducted using non-probability purposive sampling among 56 nurses and 1 Occupational Health and Safety key informant from the Ministry of Health and Social Services. Data were collected using semi-structured interview guides and analyzed through inductive thematic analysis using ATLAS.ti 23. The study followed a systematic qualitative rigor framework to ensure credibility, dependability, confirmability, and transferability of findings. Results Participants identified key interventions including promoting physical activity and healthy lifestyle, training, adequate staffing, pre-employment screening, improved management approaches, and hazard identification. These interventions reflect an interaction between individual, organizational, and system-level determinants of occupational health, highlighting the multifactorial nature of WRMSDs prevention. Conclusion Multifaceted ergonomic interventions tailored to the Namibian healthcare context are necessary to address the complex and interrelated risk factors contributing to WRMSDs among nurses. The Ministry of Health and Social Services should prioritize implementation of these interventions. Further studies, including quantitative, mixed-methods, and comparative designs, are recommended to strengthen evidence across similar resource-constrained healthcare settings.
Background Underutilization of antenatal care (ANC) remains a challenge despite the recent World Health Organization (WHO) recommendation for pregnant women to attain a minimum of 8 ANC contacts, yet the associated factors remain underexplored in Malawi. Aim This study assessed postnatal mothers' perceived enablers and barriers to ANC contacts at Salima District Hospital, Malawi. Methods A mixed convergent study design was used among postnatal mothers within one week of delivery. A quantitative study randomly sampled 68 participants from the stratified case files, while purposive sampling was used to select 24 participants for the focus group discussions. Quantitative data were collected using a questionnaire, whereas qualitative data collection used an interview guide. Quantitative data analysis was conducted using descriptive and inferential statistics in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. A p-value of 0.05 was used to determine the significance of the association between variables. Qualitative data were analyzed manually using thematic analysis. Results Quantitative findings revealed frequent ANC schedules and individual decisions as statistically significant enablers and barriers to ANC contacts (p = 0.001 and 0.000), respectively, whereas qualitative analysis showed that healthcare-related factors and traditional beliefs were the main enablers, while poor socioeconomic status, hospital system, and individual negligence emerged as the main barriers to ANC contacts. Conclusions Clients' frequent schedules are perceived as the primary enabler of ANC contacts, while individual negligence, poor socioeconomic status, and the hospital system are the main barriers to ANC contacts.
Background Maternal health is a critically neglected issue in Africa and a major public health concern. However, healthcare providers are vital in delivering maternal healthcare across the continent. A clearer understanding of their challenges and opportunities, and how these factors impact healthcare delivery, is needed. This review aims to conduct a meta-synthesis of existing qualitative literature on the barriers and facilitators in providing maternal healthcare. Method Three databases—CINALH (EBSCOhost), MEDLINE (PUBMED), and AJOL—were searched from 2010 to 2025. The review was reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, and the quality assessment of the included studies was independently conducted by three reviewers. The quotes from each study were synthesised using the thematic synthesis approach. Results Nineteen articles from five countries across four regions in Africa were included. Three main themes emerged guided by the adaptive resilience framework: 1) Structural constraints; 2) Provider burden and moral distress; 3) Adaptive coping and negotiation strategies. Conclusion The synthesis revealed that effective service delivery is hindered by inadequate human resources, limited essential supplies, and infrastructural gaps. Nonetheless, respect and workplace support are recognised as key motivators. To improve service provision and sustainability, capacity building, essential supplies, efficient logistics, and positive workplace cultures are vital.
As healthcare complexity increases, nursing education faces a critical dilemma: how to balance the pressing need for practical competence with the indispensable requirement for theoretical grounding. While recent trends in nursing education have favored competency-based models and early clinical exposure, often at the expense of classroom hours, this commentary argues that the marginalization of nursing theory threatens the professional identity and critical reasoning capabilities of the future workforce. Contrary to the perspective that theoretical concepts are too abstract for novice students or that they should be reserved for post-licensure education, we assert that a foundational understanding of nursing frameworks is essential before clinical habits are solidified. This commentary advocates for a hybrid curricular model where nursing theory is introduced not as an isolated, abstract entity, but as a standalone foundational course in early semesters, subsequently reinforced through longitudinal integration in clinical training. We address concerns regarding curriculum overload and the knowledge-practice disconnect by proposing strategic curriculum mapping and active learning pedagogies. By re-centering theory in undergraduate education, we aim to cultivate nurses who are not merely technically proficient but are reflective, ethical practitioners capable of navigating the complexities of modern patient care.
Background Continuous electronic fetal monitoring is widely used to guide intrapartum decision-making, yet variability in how clinicians interpret cardiotocography (CTG) remains a persistent quality-of-care concern. In settings where midwives are the first interpreters of CTG, inconsistent readings may delay recognition of fetal compromise. Aim To appraise the consistency and completeness of CTG interpretation recorded by midwives against a researcher's independent re-assessment and to infer training needs for intrapartum fetal surveillance. Design and Setting A quantitative, retrospective record review was undertaken at a secondary-level public hospital in Gauteng, South Africa, covering March 2023 to February 2024. Methods Using a pre-specified checklist, we abstracted CTG-related documentation and variables, including baseline fetal heart rate, short-term variability, accelerations, decelerations, and overall trace classification, from randomly selected maternity files (n = 366) that met predefined inclusion criteria for high-risk intrapartum care. Midwives' notes were compared with a blinded researcher's reinterpretation. Agreement metrics included percent agreement and intraclass correlation coefficients; an inter-rater substudy (researcher vs operational manager) evaluated rating reliability on a random subset. Results Documentation by midwives was frequently incomplete, particularly for accelerations, and agreement with the researcher's assessments was limited across several parameters. Midwives most often rated traces as reassuring, whereas the researcher identified more non-reassuring and pathological features than were recorded in routine notes. Inter-rater analysis on a subset supported the internal consistency of the independent re-read process. Collectively, findings indicate gaps in both documentation and interpretive alignment. Conclusion Within this high-risk intrapartum cohort, CTG interpretation recorded by midwives showed notable divergence from an independent reassessment and omissions in key variables. The patterns point to a need for targeted CTG education, routine audit/feedback on documentation quality, and agreement-oriented calibration using local protocols. Contribution The study provides file-based evidence of where interpretive alignment breaks down in everyday practice and offers a practical baseline for training, supervision, and quality improvement cycles in intrapartum monitoring at the secondary care level.
Aim/objective The objective of this study was to translate, culturally adapt, and assess the psychometric properties of the Franco-Moroccan version of the Nurse Clinical Reasoning Scale. Background Several studies have shown that effective clinical reasoning promotes the early detection of patient deterioration and improves clinical outcomes, whereas poor reasoning leads to errors in judgment and patient management. To assess this skill, the Nurse Clinical Reasoning Scale is a valid and reliable self-assessment tool. However, no French version adapted to the Moroccan cultural context was available. Design This research adopted a multicenter cross-sectional design. Methods The study followed international guidelines for the cross-cultural adaptation of measurement instruments. The process included forward and backward translation, content validation by an expert panel, pre-testing, and psychometric evaluation in a sample of 205 nurses. Results The Franco-Moroccan version showed excellent content validity (S-CVI = 1). Internal consistency was excellent (α = 0.938), and test-retest reliability was moderate (ICC = 0.638). Factor analysis suggested a one-factor structure, accounting for 51.7% of the total variance, with satisfactory fit indices (CFI = 0.925; TLI = 0.912; RMSEA = 0.0874, 90% CI: 0.0735–0.101). These data support a single-factor structure consistent with the original scale. The mean clinical reasoning score was 52.3 ± 14.8, indicating a moderate level of perceived clinical reasoning competence. Conclusion The Franco-Moroccan version of the studied scale is a reliable and culturally adapted tool for evaluating nurses' clinical reasoning in Morocco. It can be used in education, clinical practice, and nursing research.
Introduction Improving knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) towards risk factors and prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) helps early detection, and reduces mortality. Aim of the study This study aimed to assess the levels of KAP and their determinants towards risk factors and prevention of CKD. Methodology A cross-sectional analytical community-based study was conducted among 217 adults in Dodoma region, Tanzania from June to November 2022. Data collection was done using a questionnaire which consisted of 35 questions for assessing the KAP domains. Modified Bloom's cut-off level of >75% was used to categorize participant's KAP into good or positive and poor. The determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practice were assessed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results The overall levels of good knowledge, attitude, and practices was 54.8% (98/217), 69.1% (150/217), and 35.9% (78/217), respectively. Being a male (aOR = 2.01, 95% CI = 1.059–3.795, p = 0.033), having secondary school education (aOR = 1.45, 95% CI = 1.436–3.048, p = 0.023, and residing in urban areas (aOR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.275–2.968, p = 0.041) were the determinants of good knowledge. Also, having secondary school (aOR = 1.96, 95% CI = 1.956–5.498, p = 0.001), having tertiary education (aOR = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.62–10.948, p = 0.046), and having good knowledge (aOR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.370–7.515, p < 0.001) were the determinants of positive attitude. Being employed (aOR = 1.37, 95% CI = 1.237–5.407, p = 0.046) and having good knowledge (aOR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.580–9.289, p = 0.002) were the determinants of good practice towards risk factors and prevention of CKD. Conclusion This study has shown high level of good attitude, moderate level of good knowledge, and low level of good practice towards risk factors and prevention of CKD. These findings indicate that there is a need of improving good practices of individuals in Tanzanian communities towards prevention of CKD.
