Introduction:This report uses August 2021-August 2023 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data to present estimates of the percentage of youth ages 2-19 who consumed caffeine on a given day by age group, sex, and race and Hispanic origin, as well as top sources of caffeine, places of consumption, and where caffeine was obtained. Methods:Data from the August 2021-August 2023 NHANES were used for this analysis. Point estimates and standard errors were calculated using the survey and surveytable packages in R to account for the complex, multistage probability design of NHANES. Day 1 dietary sample weights, which accounted for day of the week and differential probabilities of selection, nonresponse, and noncoverage, were used to produce all estimates. Differences between pairs of estimates were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Key Findings:In August 2021-August 2023, 62.6% of youth consumed caffeine on a given day. Children ages 2-5 were less likely to consume caffeine than other age groups, and no differences were seen between boys and girls. On average, youth consumed 19.4 mg of caffeine on a given day, and mean intake increased with age: 5.0 mg for ages 2-5, 12.0 mg for ages 6-11, and 30.7 mg for ages 12-19. The top five sources of caffeine consumed by youth included both food and beverage items, including sweet bakery products and soda. Most caffeinated products were consumed by youth at home and were purchased from grocery stores.
Introduction:Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of death for youth ages 10-19 years in the United States. This report describes differences in unintentional injury death rates among youth ages 10-19 in 2024 by age group, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and census region. Methods:National Vital Statistics System underlying cause-of-death mortality data were used to describe unintentional injury death rates among youth ages 10-19 by sex, race and Hispanic origin, and census region. Unintentional injury deaths were identified using International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes V01-X59 and Y85-Y86, with leading mechanisms of motor vehicle traffic, poisoning, and drowning identified within this subset. Death rates per 100,000 population were calculated. Pairwise rate comparisons were performed using z tests or by comparing 95% confidence intervals calculated with the gamma method when rates were based on fewer than 100 deaths. Key Findings:The unintentional injury death rate among youth ages 10-19 years in 2024 was 11.6 deaths per 100,000 population. The motor vehicle traffic death rate for youth ages 15-19 years (12.0) was 6 times the rate among youth ages 10-14 years (2.0). The unintentional injury death rate among male youth (16.3) was higher than among female youth (6.7), with similar differences observed in motor vehicle traffic, poisoning, and drowning death rates. American Indian and Alaska Native, non-Hispanic youth had the highest rates of unintentional injury, motor vehicle traffic, and poisoning death compared with other race and Hispanic-origin groups. Death rates among youth were highest in the South for all unintentional injuries (13.8).
Introduction:This report uses data from the 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to examine the use of prescription medication for mental health and the receipt of counseling or therapy from a mental health professional in the past 12 months among U.S. adults, by selected characteristics. Methods:Analyses were conducted using data from the 2024 NHIS. Point estimates and corresponding confidence intervals were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the survey's complex sample design. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Key Findings:A total of 19.3% of adults took medication for their mental health and 14.0% received counseling or therapy from a mental health professional in the past 12 months during 2024. Women were more likely than men to have received either treatment. Adults ages 30-44 were more likely to have taken medication than those ages 65-74 and 75 and older. Adults 75 and older were least likely to have received counseling or therapy. Adults with family incomes less than 100% of the federal poverty level (FPL) were more likely to have taken medication and as likely to have received counseling or therapy than adults with incomes greater than 400% FPL. Adults living in nonmetropolitan areas were most likely to have taken medication and least likely to have received counseling or therapy for their mental health.
Introduction:This report presents Parkinson disease mortality for adults age 65 and older by sex, age group, race and Hispanic origin, and state of residence. Trends in Parkinson disease death rates from 2014 through 2024 are also presented. Methods:Estimates in this report are based on the National Vital Statistics System mortality files, accessed via CDC WONDER. Parkinson disease deaths are identified using the International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death codes G20 (Parkinson disease) and G21 (Secondary parkinsonism). Age-adjusted death rates were calculated using the direct method and the 2000 U.S. standard population. Pairwise comparisons of rates were conducted using a z test and trends in death rates were evaluated using the Joinpoint Regression Program (Version 5.0.2). Tests for statistical significance were set with an alpha level of 0.05. Key Findings:In 2024, the age-adjusted Parkinson disease death rate for adults age 65 and older was 72.0 deaths per 100,000 standard population. Parkinson disease death rates increased from 2014 (57.2) through 2021 (76.3), but the rate in 2024 was lower than in 2021. Death rates from Parkinson disease were higher for men and highest among non-Hispanic White adults age 65 and older compared with other race and Hispanic-origin groups.
Introduction:This report presents estimates of any dietary supplement use in the past 30 days and number of dietary supplements taken among youth ages 0-19 years and among adults age 20 and older in the United States during August 2021-August 2023 as well as trends in use from 2013-2014 through August 2021-August 2023. Methods:National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 30-day dietary supplement use questionnaire data were assessed. Analyses accounted for the complex survey design including nonresponse, noncoverage, and differential probability of selection. Variance estimates were computed using Taylor series linearization. Statistical comparisons were performed using linear regression for increasing or decreasing trends or using t tests for comparisons between groups. Trend tests over time were performed using orthogonal polynomial regression with linear and quadratic terms and accounting for the unequal duration and spacing of time between each survey cycle. Key Findings:During August 2021-August 2023, 35.7% of youth ages 0-19 years and 60.2% of adults age 20 and older used a dietary supplement in the past 30 days. Two or more dietary supplements were used by 11.3% of youth and 38.7% of adults. Use of two or more dietary supplements increased among youth and adults from 2013-2014 through August 2021-August 2023. Use of any dietary supplement also increased among adults.
Introduction:This Data Brief describes estimates of urgent care center and retail health clinic use in the United States by age group and urbanization level. Methods:Data from the 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) sample adult and sample child interview, a nationally representative household survey of the U.S. civilian noninstitutionalized population, was used to provide estimates for having at least one visit to an urgent care center in the past 12 months or at least one visit to a retail health clinic in the past 12 months. In 2024, NHIS updated the questionnaire content on retail health clinic and urgent care center visits by separating the two entities into two questions. Results: In 2024, among people of all ages, 27.6% had at least one visit to an urgent care center and 19.0% had at least one visit to a retail health clinic in the past 12 months. The percentage of adults ages 18-64 who had at least one visit to an urgent care center was lower among those living in large central metropolitan (26.6%) and nonmetropolitan (26.1%) areas compared with those living in large fringe metropolitan areas (31.5%) and medium and small metropolitan (30.6%) areas. Among all age groups, the percentage who had at least one visit to a retail health clinic was higher in those living in large central metropolitan and large fringe metropolitan areas compared with those living in medium and small metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas.
Introduction:This report uses data from the 2022-2023 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) to present estimates of birth expectations by age, among women ages 20-49 in the United States. Methods:This report is based on data from 4,856 women ages 20-49 included in the 2022-2023 NSFG. Key Findings:More than one-half of women ages 20-29 in 2022-2023 who had no live births or only had one live birth expected to have a child in the future compared to one-third of those with two or more live births. About 2 out of every 5 women ages 20-29 with no live births did not expect to have any children in the future.
Introduction:This analysis uses 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to describe the percentage of adults age 45 and older who have ever had heart disease, cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or stroke by age group and urbanization level. Methods:Point estimates and their corresponding variances were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significant tests at the 0.05 level. Tests for trends over urbanization levels were evaluated using logistic regression. Key Findings:In 2024, the prevalence of heart disease increased with decreasing urbanization level, ranging from 9.8% among adults in large central metropolitan areas to 15.2% among adults in nonmetropolitan areas. The prevalence of cancer was over two times higher among adults age 65 and older compared with adults 45-64 overall and for each urbanization level. Just over 10% of adults age 45 and older living in nonmetropolitan areas have COPD. There was variation in the percentage of adults who had a stroke by urbanization level, and the percentage was consistently higher among adults age 65 and older.
Introduction:This report uses 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to examine sources of usual health care among adults age 18 and older by sex and age group. Methods:Data from the 2024 NHIS were used for this analysis. Point estimates and corresponding variances were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear trends by age group were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials in logistic regression. Key Findings:In 2024, 9 in 10 adults reported having a source of usual health care, with women more likely to report having a source of usual care (93.3%) than men (87.1%). Women were more likely to report a doctor's office or health center as their source of usual care (82.2%) compared with men (72.6%). The percentage of adults reporting an urgent care center or clinic in a drug store or grocery store as their source of usual care declined with age. The percentage of adults with a Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Center or VA outpatient clinic as their source of usual care increased with age. Men were more likely (2.0%) than women (1.5%) to report a hospital emergency room as their usual source of health care.
Introduction:This report uses 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to describe the percentage of adults who met federal aerobic physical activity guidelines for Americans during leisure time, by selected sociodemographic characteristics. Methods:Data from the 2024 NHIS were used for this analysis. Point estimates and corresponding variances for this analysis were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear and quadratic trends by age group, family income, education, and urbanization level were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials in logistic regression. Key Findings:In 2024, 47.2% of adults age 18 and older met the federal guidelines for aerobic physical activity, with men more likely to meet the federal guidelines for aerobic physical activity (52.3%) than women (42.4%). Among adults, the prevalence of meeting the federal guidelines for aerobic physical activity increased with increasing level of education. Adults living in the West were more likely to meet the federal guidelines for aerobic physical activity compared with those living in other regions. Aerobic physical activity was higher among adults without disabilities (49.8%), those with healthy weight (54.8%), and those with excellent or very good health (57.8%).
Introduction:This report provides the most recent prevalence estimates of abnormal blood cholesterol in children and adolescents ages 6-19 and describes changes in prevalences over time. Methods:Cholesterol, anthropometry, and demographics data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for 2013-2014 through August 2021-August 2023 were used for these analyses. Phlebotomy sample weights were used to estimate prevalence, and confidence intervals were estimated using Taylor series linearization. Statistically significant differences in prevalence estimates by age, sex, and weight status were tested using a t statistic at the p < 0.05 level, and trends were evaluated using linear regression models. Key Findings:During August 2021-August 2023, 16.5% of children and adolescents had at least one measure of abnormal cholesterol (high total cholesterol, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol [HDL-C], or high non-HDL-C). The prevalence of at least one abnormal cholesterol measure was lower in girls (13.6%) than in boys (19.2%) and lower in those with underweight or normal weight (10.3%) or overweight (11.5%) than in those with obesity (35.8%). The prevalence of at least one abnormal cholesterol measure decreased between 2013-2014 (21.3%) and August 2021-August 2023 (16.5%).
Introduction:-This report examines trends in labor inductions in the United States from 2016 to 2024 overall and by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, gestational age of the newborn and state of residence of the mother. Methods:-Data are from the National Vital Statistics System birth files which include information on all births registered in the United States. Trends in labor induction rates (the number of births with labor induced per 100 total births) overall and by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, gestational age and state are presented. Key Findings:-The labor induction rate for the United States increased 39% from 2016 to 2024, to 34.5% of all births. Induction rates increased across all maternal age and race and Hispanic origin groups, gestational age categories, and in 49 states and the District of Columbia from 2016 to 2024.
Introduction:-Epidurals and spinal anesthesia are used to treat pain during labor. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that pain relief be administered to laboring women upon request. Studies have found that women who received no pain treatment experienced increased pain and were more likely to have a cesarean delivery compared with those who received an epidural. Objectives-This report shows trends of epidural or spinal anesthesia use for singleton vaginal deliveries from 2016 to 2024 and changes by selected maternal characteristics. Methods:-This report uses data from the natality data file from the National Vital Statistics System to examine epidural or spinal anesthesia use for singleton births in vaginal deliveries. Differences between rates noted in the text are statistically significant at the 0.05 level unless otherwise noted. Key Findings:-From 2016 to 2024, the percentage of mothers having a singleton vaginal birth who used epidural or spinal anesthesia for pain relief during labor increased 8%, from 69.8% to 75.4%. Increases in the use of epidural or spinal anesthesia occurred across all maternal age groups (ranging from 7% to 12%) and all race and Hispanic-origin groups (ranging from 5% to 17%). The percentage of mothers who used epidural or spinal anesthesia increased among those covered by Medicaid, private insurance, and other sources of payment but decreased among mothers who self-paid for their deliveries. Epidural or spinal anesthesia use increased in 44 states and the District of Columbia, decreased in 2 states, and was essentially unchanged in 4 states from 2016 to 2024.
Introduction:This report uses 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to describe the percentage of children ages 2-17 years with regular bedtimes, as well as the percentage of children who complain of being tired during the day. Methods:Point estimates and their corresponding variances were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significant tests at the 0.05 level. Tests for trends by age group and family income were evaluated using logistic regression. Key Findings:Children ages 5-10 years were most likely to have a regular bedtime compared with children in all other age groups. Children living in families with incomes 200% of the federal poverty level or more were most likely to have a regular bedtime. The percentage of children who complained of being tired also varied by disability status-children who had disability were more likely to complain of being tired (22.0%) than children without disability (6.3%).
Introduction:This report describes trends in the timing of prenatal care initiation from 2016 (the first year for which national data are available) to 2024. Changes by maternal age, race and Hispanic origin, and late (beginning in the third trimester) or no care by state of residence also are shown from 2021 to 2024. Methods:This report uses data from the natality data file from the National Vital Statistics System. The vital statistics natality file is based on information from birth certificates and includes information for all births occurring in the United States. The month in which prenatal care began is calculated from the "Date of the first prenatal visit" item on the birth certificate and the gestational age of the newborn based on the obstetric estimate of gestation. Key Findings:After increasing from 2016 (77.1%) to 2021 (78.3%), prenatal care beginning in the first trimester decreased to 75.5% in 2024. From 2021 to 2024, care beginning in the second trimester increased from 15.4% to 17.3% and late or no care increased from 6.3% to 7.3%. From 2021 to 2024, prenatal care beginning in the first trimester decreased, while care beginning in the second trimester and late and no care increased, for all maternal age groups. Over the same period, first trimester prenatal care decreased, while second trimester prenatal care and late and no care increased, for nearly all race and Hispanic-origin groups. From 2021 to 2024, late or no care increased in 36 states and the District of Columbia.
Introduction:This report uses 2023-2024 National Vital Statistic System data to present the demographic group and by the type of drugs involved, specifically opioids and stimulants, with a focus on changes from 2023 to 2024. Methods:Data from the 2023-2024 NVSS were used for this analysis. Estimates are based on the National Vital Statistics System multiple-cause-of-death mortality files (1). Drug poisoning (overdose) deaths were defined as having an International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision underlying cause-of-death code of X40-X44 (unintentional), X60-X64 (suicide), X85 (homicide), or Y10-Y14 (undetermined intent). Population estimates for 2023-2024 were estimated as of July 1, based on the blended base produced by the U.S. Census Bureau instead of the April 1, 2020, decennial population count. All of the race categories are single race, meaning that only one race was reported on the death certificate. Key Findings:The age-adjusted drug overdose death rate decreased between 2022 and 2024, with the largest decrease, 26.2%, occurring from 2023 to 2024, from 31.3 deaths per 100,000 standard population to 23.1. From 2023 to 2024, rates of drug overdose deaths declined for all age groups, with the largest decrease occurring for younger age groups. From 2023 to 2024, rates declined for each race and Hispanic-origin group, with the largest decreases occurring for Black non-Hispanic people. Between 2023 and 2024, the drug overdose death rate involving synthetic opioids other than methadone decreased by 35.6% (from 22.2 to 14.3). Between 2023 and 2024, the rates of drug overdose deaths involving psychostimulants with abuse potential and cocaine both declined.
Introduction:This report uses 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to present the percentage of adults age 65 and older who had an influenza vaccination in the past 12 months and who ever had a pneumonia vaccination, by selected sociodemographic characteristics. Trends in vaccination from 2019 to 2024 are also presented. Methods:Data from the 2024 NHIS were used for this analysis. Point estimates and corresponding variances for this analysis were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear and quadratic trends by family income were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials in logistic regression. Key Findings:The percentage of adults age 65 and older who had an influenza vaccine in the past 12 months and also the percentage who ever had a pneumonia vaccine were lower in 2024 compared with 2019. In 2024, 67.1% of older adults had an influenza vaccine in the past 12 months, with vaccination lowest among adults ages 65-74 (62.6%) compared with ages 75-84 (71.9%) and age 85 and older (75.3%). Women were more likely than men to have ever received a pneumonia vaccine, but there were no significant differences by sex for receipt of influenza vaccine.
Introduction:This report uses data from the 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) to describe the prevalence of diagnosed seasonal allergies, eczema, and food allergies among adults in the United States, by age, sex, race and Hispanic origin, and urbanization level. Methods:Point estimates and the corresponding confidence intervals for this analysis were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear and quadratic trends by age group were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials. Key Findings:In 2024, 31.7% of adults had a diagnosed seasonal allergy, diagnosed eczema, or a diagnosed food allergy. The percentage of adults with a diagnosed seasonal allergy was higher among those living in nonmetropolitan areas (28.1%) than those living in metropolitan areas (24.8%). Women (9.5%) were more likely to have diagnosed eczema compared with men (5.7%). The prevalence of these selected allergic conditions varied by age group and race and Hispanic origin.
Introduction:Data from the 2024 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) were analyzed to provide estimates of diagnosed seasonal allergy, eczema, and food allergy by age, sex, and urbanization level. Methods:Point estimates and the corresponding confidence intervals for this analysis were calculated using SAS-callable SUDAAN software to account for the complex sample design of NHIS. Differences between percentages were evaluated using two-sided significance tests at the 0.05 level. Linear and quadratic trends by age were evaluated using orthogonal polynomials. Key Findings:In 2024, diagnosed seasonal allergies (20.6%) were the most common allergies in children, followed by diagnosed eczema (12.7%), and then diagnosed food allergies (5.3%). Children living in nonmetropolitan areas (25.6%) were more likely to have a diagnosed seasonal allergy compared with children living in metropolitan areas (19.8%). The percentage of children with diagnosed eczema was similar in boys (12.2%) and girls (13.3%). The percentage of children with a diagnosed food allergy increased with age, from 3.9% in children ages 0-5 years to 6.9% in children ages 12-17 years.
Introduction:This report presents final 2024 U.S. mortality data on deaths and death rates by variables such as sex, age, race and Hispanic origin, and cause of death. Key Findings:Life expectancy for the U.S. population in 2024 was 79.0 years, an increase of 0.6 year from 2023. The age-adjusted death rate decreased by 3.8% from 750.5 deaths per 100,000 standard population in 2023 to 722.1 in 2024. Age-specific death rates decreased from 2023 to 2024 for all age groups 1 year and older except ages 5-14. Methods:The data shown in this report reflect information collected by the National Center for Health Statistics for 2023 and 2024 from death certificates filed in all 50 states and the District of Columbia and compiled into national data known as the National Vital Statistics System. The race and Hispanic-origin groups shown in this report follow the 1997 Office of Management and Budget standards and differ from the bridged-race categories shown in reports for data years before 2018.
