ABSTRACT The inherent contradiction between the spatial diffusion of water pollution and administratively‐demarcated jurisdictions necessitates transboundary collaboration. A consensus has been reached that effective collaboration crucially depends on the delicate alignment of institutional arrangements with underlying social and ecological interdependencies, a concept referred to as “social–ecological fit (SEF)”. However, less is known about whether and how SEF could help collaborating local policy actors effectively solve their own water problems. Taking the Yellow River Basin of China as a case study, an auto‐logistic actor attribute model was developed to empirically examine the statistical correlations between social–ecological fit and water quality outcomes among prefecture‐level cities. Results reveal substantial heterogeneity in the effects of social network structures and SEF on water quality outcomes. Social activity is positively correlated with improvements in prefectural water quality, while social contagion and network transitivity are negatively associated with such improvement. In terms of SEF, collaborative management within the same sub–watershed improves the water quality of engaged jurisdictions, whereas collaborative management of two or more ecologically interconnected sub–watersheds shows no significant relationship with local water quality. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of collaborative governance depends on the specific forms of collaboration and SEF involved, rather than collaboration per se. This study contributes to the SEF literature by providing empirical evidence that different social and social–ecological configurations relate to governance outcomes and helps inform institutional design for collaborative responses to cross‐jurisdictional watershed governance challenges characterized by complexity and interdependency.
ABSTRACT The rise of artificial intelligence (AI) has often been accompanied by its characterization as a “wicked issue.” This paper subjects that claim to critical analysis, arguing that it is a misdiagnosis. The analysis shows that the problems associated with AI do not exhibit the defining attributes of wicked issues, such as irresolvable value conflicts, non‐linear interdependencies, or the absence of workable solutions. They are better understood as complicated yet tractable policy challenges. The misdiagnosis is sustained by conceptual overstretching, technological mystification, and possibly framing by actors with interests in permissive regulatory outcomes. By challenging the conventional wisdom on the wickedness of AI, the paper sharpens the analytical use of the wicked‐issue concept and contributes to a more grounded debate on the governance of emerging technologies. It further distinguishes the governance of AI systems from economy‐wide adaptation to technological change, showing that while such adaptation is difficult, it is tractable and does not, in itself, warrant a “wicked” label. The findings contribute to three main strands of scholarship: first, the wicked‐issue literature, by identifying technological mystification as a specific mechanism of over‐diagnosis; second, the regulatory governance literature, by pointing to the implications of (non) wicked labelling for emerging regulatory models; and third, the policy‐framing literature, by showing how the wickedness frame constrains the perceived scope for governance action.
ABSTRACT We synthesize the Narrative Policy Framework and Grid‐Group Cultural Theory to develop two sets of hypotheses about how culturally varying expert narratives and social group cues on COVID‐19 influence Chinese support for policy change. We construct culturally appealing expert narratives variously presenting the goal of policy change as being to achieve economic efficiency, social equity, and national order. We also culturally cue expert organizational affiliations. We find that egalitarian support for policy changes increases when experts frame policies as ways to increase social equity and are affiliated with non‐governmental organizations working to improve health care for vulnerable populations. That is, egalitarian support for policy increases when policy frames and social group cues are congruent with egalitarian values. Meanwhile, individualist and hierarchist support for policy change decreases when policies are culturally framed and expert social group affiliations culturally cued in ways incongruent with the values of these cultures. Some of these effects persist a month after exposure.
Information processing is a fundamental part of policy making and is all the more critical in modern policy making environments characterized by information abundance. Using Punctuated Equilibrium Theory (PET) as a lens, this study investigates how city governments process and apply externally generated knowledge to address environmental hazards in the era of climate change. Descriptive and regression analyses are run on nationwide survey data to compare factors that influence the frequency with which US local governments use externally- and internally-sourced information as a basis for changing policy practices. An overarching finding is that cities more frequently adjust practices based on internal knowledge and direct experience. While this reliance is often appropriate, experiential knowledge alone is inadequate to confront uncertain, volatile, and complex challenges. Our findings suggest that wealthier cities are not necessarily more likely to rely on external sources, though the presence of climate-cognizant local officials, adaptation plans, or dedicated resources predicts greater external information use. Finally, policy entrepreneurs appear to expand the scope of external information that governments process, a finding that sheds light on the understudied question of PET's behavioral foundations.
The accelerated digitalisation of society has amplified cybersecurity threats and revealed their cross-sectoral nature. Yet, the policy instruments used to address these challenges remain insufficiently examined. This study conducts a scoping review of 980 academic articles (2007-2024) and applies Hood's NATO framework (Nodality, Authority, Treasure, Organisation) to map how cybersecurity policy instruments are deployed and combined. The analysis identifies emerging thematic domains and shows that governance approaches are multi-instrumental, sector-specific, and evolving. It highlights differences in reliance on informational, regulatory, financial, and operational tools, as well as patterns in their combination. These findings underscore the need for coordinated policy mixes that respond to both digital risks and institutional contexts. Advancing a Whole-of-Government (WoG) perspective, the study shows that a holistic, cross-sectoral integration of tools can tackle the cybersecurity's technical complexity while accounting for human and organisational factors. By offering a novel framework for analysing instrument configurations, the article contributes to more adaptive and integrated cybersecurity governance strategies. La acelerada digitalizaci & oacute;n de la sociedad ha intensificado las amenazas a la ciberseguridad y revelado su car & aacute;cter intersectorial. Sin embargo, los instrumentos pol & iacute;ticos utilizados para abordar estos desaf & iacute;os siguen sin estar suficientemente analizados. Este estudio realiza una revisi & oacute;n exploratoria de 980 art & iacute;culos acad & eacute;micos (2007-2024) y aplica el marco NATO de Hood (Nodalidad, Autoridad, Recursos, Organizaci & oacute;n) para analizar c & oacute;mo se implementan y combinan los instrumentos pol & iacute;ticos de ciberseguridad. El an & aacute;lisis identifica dominios tem & aacute;ticos emergentes y muestra que los enfoques de gobernanza son multiinstrumentales, sectoriales y en constante evoluci & oacute;n. Destaca las diferencias en la dependencia de herramientas informativas, regulatorias, financieras y operativas, as & iacute; como los patrones en su combinaci & oacute;n. Estos hallazgos subrayan la necesidad de combinaciones de pol & iacute;ticas coordinadas que respondan tanto a los riesgos digitales como a los contextos institucionales. Al promover una perspectiva integral del gobierno, el estudio demuestra que una integraci & oacute;n hol & iacute;stica e intersectorial de herramientas puede abordar la complejidad t & eacute;cnica de la ciberseguridad, teniendo en cuenta los factores humanos y organizativos. Al ofrecer un marco novedoso para el an & aacute;lisis de configuraciones de instrumentos, este art & iacute;culo contribuye a estrategias de gobernanza de la ciberseguridad m & aacute;s adaptativas e integradas. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)980(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(2007-2024(sic))(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic))(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(WoG)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).
The Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) provides a systematic means of using narrative elements to describe how policymakers define issues, including characters, plot, and setting. In this article I introduce the concept of narrative coherence: the extent to which different narrative elements "fit" together in a logical way. Narrative coherence operates at three levels: facial validity across narrative elements, agreement across policy narrators, and consistency across issue domains. I then use narratives in U.S. congressional oversight reports on cybersecurity to generate hypotheses about the presence (or absence) and effects of narrative coherence and incoherence. Cybersecurity is a challenging policy problem for policymakers to define. The term generally refers to protection against vulnerabilities in computer systems and Internet activity, but cybersecurity has acquired multiple dimensions and causes with multiple component issues as more systems became connected to the Internet and computing changes in ways that create new vulnerabilities. I find that congressional oversight reports tell relatively coherent stories for individual component issues associated with cybersecurity, but across these component issues the overall narrative is less coherent. These findings indicate that policymakers define cybersecurity problems in different ways depending on what kind of vulnerability or problem they talk about, and calls into question the usefulness of cybersecurity as an umbrella term for some vulnerabilities. The article offers several hypotheses for further research into narrative coherence as both a dependent and independent variable. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(NPF)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic):(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic):(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic)(sic))(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). El Marco de Pol & iacute;tica Narrativa (NPF, por sus siglas en ingl & eacute;s) proporciona un m & eacute;todo sistem & aacute;tico para utilizar elementos narrativos que describan c & oacute;mo los responsables pol & iacute;ticos definen los problemas, incluyendo personajes, trama y contexto. En este art & iacute;culo, presento el concepto de coherencia narrativa: el grado en que los diferentes elementos narrativos se "encajan" de forma l & oacute;gica. La coherencia narrativa opera en tres niveles: validez aparente entre los elementos narrativos, acuerdo entre los narradores de pol & iacute;ticas y consistencia entre los dominios de los problemas. A continuaci & oacute;n, utilizo narrativas de informes de supervisi & oacute;n del Congreso de EE. UU. sobre ciberseguridad para generar hip & oacute;tesis sobre la presencia (o ausencia) y los efectos de la coherencia e incoherencia narrativas. La ciberseguridad es un problema pol & iacute;tico complejo de definir para los responsables pol & iacute;ticos. El t & eacute;rmino generalmente se refiere a la protecci & oacute;n contra vulnerabilidades en sistemas inform & aacute;ticos y la actividad en Internet, pero la ciberseguridad ha adquirido m & uacute;ltiples dimensiones y causas con m & uacute;ltiples problemas componentes a medida que m & aacute;s sistemas se conectan a Internet y la inform & aacute;tica cambia de maneras que crean nuevas vulnerabilidades. Observo que los informes de supervisi & oacute;n del Congreso presentan historias relativamente coherentes para los problemas componentes individuales asociados con la ciberseguridad, pero en el conjunto de estos problemas componentes, la narrativa general es menos coherente. Estos hallazgos indican que los responsables pol & iacute;ticos definen los problemas de ciberseguridad de distintas maneras, seg & uacute;n el tipo de vulnerabilidad o problema al que se refieran, y ponen en tela de juicio la utilidad de la ciberseguridad como t & eacute;rmino gen & eacute;rico para ciertas vulnerabilidades. El art & iacute;culo propone varias hip & oacute;tesis para futuras investigaciones sobre la coherencia narrativa como variable dependiente e independiente.
Policy termination remains one of the least developed areas in policy process research, particularly outside Western contexts. This study investigates the widespread termination of science and technology awards across China's prefectural-level cities beginning in 2017. Building on policy termination theory, we develop a framework that highlights the roles of program effectiveness, fiscal constraints, leadership incentives, and intergovernmental diffusion. We hypothesize that higher static effectiveness increases the likelihood of termination, while higher relative and dynamic effectiveness decreases it. We further propose that fiscal constraints, leadership turnover, leaders' second term, and regional diffusion are positively associated with policy termination. Using Cox proportional hazards models on an original panel dataset of 281 prefectural cities from 2017 to 2023, we find that higher static effectiveness and mayors' second-term status are associated with a greater likelihood of termination, whereas higher relative effectiveness is associated with a lower risk. Termination also diffuses primarily within provincial boundaries. Contrary to expectations, dynamic effectiveness, fiscal constraints, and leadership turnover show no significant effects. By providing the first large-N city-level quantitative analysis of policy termination outside the Western system, this study extends termination theory by highlighting the role of performance evaluation, leadership incentives, and hierarchical dynamics. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)2017(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)Cox(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)2017(sic)(sic)2023(sic)281(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). La terminaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas sigue siendo una de las & aacute;reas menos desarrolladas en la investigaci & oacute;n de procesos pol & iacute;ticos, particularmente fuera de los contextos occidentales. Este estudio investiga la terminaci & oacute;n generalizada de premios de ciencia y tecnolog & iacute;a en ciudades de nivel prefectural de China a partir de 2017. Partiendo de la teor & iacute;a de la terminaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas, desarrollamos un marco que destaca los roles de la efectividad del programa, las restricciones fiscales, los incentivos de liderazgo y la difusi & oacute;n intergubernamental. Planteamos la hip & oacute;tesis de que una mayor efectividad est & aacute;tica aumenta la probabilidad de terminaci & oacute;n, mientras que una mayor efectividad relativa y din & aacute;mica la disminuye. Adem & aacute;s, proponemos que las restricciones fiscales, la rotaci & oacute;n de liderazgo, el segundo mandato de los l & iacute;deres y la difusi & oacute;n regional est & aacute;n asociados positivamente con la terminaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas. Utilizando modelos de riesgos proporcionales de Cox en un conjunto de datos de panel original de 281 ciudades prefecturales de 2017 a 2023, encontramos que una mayor efectividad est & aacute;tica y el segundo mandato de los alcaldes est & aacute;n asociados con una mayor probabilidad de terminaci & oacute;n, mientras que una mayor efectividad relativa est & aacute; asociada con un menor riesgo. La terminaci & oacute;n tambi & eacute;n se difunde principalmente dentro de los l & iacute;mites provinciales. Contrariamente a lo esperado, la efectividad din & aacute;mica, las restricciones fiscales y la rotaci & oacute;n de liderazgo no muestran efectos significativos. Al proporcionar el primer an & aacute;lisis cuantitativo a nivel de ciudad con un gran n & uacute;mero de casos sobre la terminaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas fuera del sistema occidental, este estudio ampl & iacute;a la teor & iacute;a de la terminaci & oacute;n al destacar el papel de la evaluaci & oacute;n del desempe & ntilde;o, los incentivos de liderazgo y la din & aacute;mica jer & aacute;rquica.
Policy narratives, as a mobilization-oriented communication strategy, are widely applied in public governance to enhance public understanding of and policy support. However, existing research lacks systematic empirical tests of whether policy narratives can effectively stimulate citizen coproduction behavior. To address this gap, this study employs disaster governance as the research context and develops an experimental design spanning three disaster phases: pre-disaster, during-disaster, and post-disaster. The findings indicate that policy narratives significantly enhance citizens' willingness to engage in coproduction, primarily through the mediating effect of trust in government. Guided narrative plots and incentive-based narrative strategies are more effective in strengthening trust in government and indirectly promoting coproduction. Public service motivation (PSM) is associated with heterogeneous effects of policy narratives on citizen coproduction, with individuals at different PSM levels exhibiting different responses to narrative types and disaster phases. The findings offer important implications for the design of disaster governance narratives and strategies aimed at enhancing citizen participation.
This article introduces apophonic policies as a type of government failure that is rooted in the innate/cognitive human tendency to see meaningful but imaginary patterns among random data. By reviewing theories from cognitive psychology, sociology of knowledge, philosophy of science, and complexity theory, the article presents five levels of analysis (individual, group, institutional, discursive, and technological) to explain the emergence and institutionalization of apophenia in the policymaking process. Diagnostic indicators (such as the weakening of conflicting evidence, simplistic narratives, concentration of power, lack of data transparency, and the illusion of algorithmic objectivity) are introduced and operationalized in a diagnostic matrix. Four case studies, including the "War on Drugs," the "War on Terror," "Crime Prediction Algorithms," and "Energiewende" illustrate the role of apophenia in producing unintended consequences and reinforcing inequality. Finally, a set of practical propositions, including polyvocality, epistemic transparency, cognitive resilience, and the human-centricity of technology, are proposed as strategies for reducing the risks of apophenia. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(aophenia policies)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic),(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)","(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)","(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)", (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). Este art & iacute;culo presenta las pol & iacute;ticas apof & oacute;nicas como un tipo de falla gubernamental que se basa en la tendencia humana innata/cognitiva a ver patrones significativos pero imaginarios entre datos aleatorios. Mediante la revisi & oacute;n de teor & iacute;as de la psicolog & iacute;a cognitiva, la sociolog & iacute;a del conocimiento, la filosof & iacute;a de la ciencia y la teor & iacute;a de la complejidad, el art & iacute;culo presenta cinco niveles de an & aacute;lisis (individual, grupal, institucional, discursivo y tecnol & oacute;gico) para explicar el surgimiento e institucionalizaci & oacute;n de la apofenia en el proceso de formulaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas. Se introducen indicadores de diagn & oacute;stico (como el debilitamiento de la evidencia contradictoria, las narrativas simplistas, la concentraci & oacute;n de poder, la falta de transparencia de los datos y la ilusi & oacute;n de objetividad algor & iacute;tmica) y se operacionalizan en una matriz de diagn & oacute;stico. Cuatro estudios de caso, que incluyen la "Guerra contra las Drogas", la "Guerra contra el Terrorismo", los "Algoritmos de Predicci & oacute;n del Crimen" y la "Energiewende", ilustran el papel de la apofenia en la producci & oacute;n de consecuencias imprevistas y el refuerzo de la desigualdad. Finalmente, se propone un conjunto de propuestas pr & aacute;cticas, entre ellas la polivocalidad, la transparencia epist & eacute;mica, la resiliencia cognitiva y la centralidad humana de la tecnolog & iacute;a, como estrategias para reducir los riesgos de apofenia.
Public private partnership literature promotes hybrid implementation structures as a potential solution to deal with limited resources and high levels of implementation burden and complexity. Despite the growing relevance and promises of hybrid implementation structures, we lack systematic knowledge on what makes governments opt for the establishment of this type of implementation structure. We modify Sabatier and Mazmanian's (1980) seminal model of effective implementation to examine the determinants of policy compliance in the case of a distributive Swiss federal policy that aims at incentivizing hybrid service delivery in its subnational units, that is, the cantons. The Swiss New Regional Policy (NRP) disburses funds to foster peripheral regions and sets the output goal for the cantons to involve private actors as project managers. Analyzing a dataset of 977 implemented NRP projects at the cantonal level using Bayesian logistic multi-level models, we find that opting for hybrid structures in implementation is not only (1) influenced by the willingness of the cantons to comply with the overall goals of the policy but (2) also by project costs and the amount of financial and personnel resources the cantons possess. This latter insight implies that hybrid implementation structures can be a valid alternative for traditional forms of implementation when governments do not have enough capacities to set up and run regional projects without the help of private actors. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(PPP)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)Sabatier(sic)Mazmanian (1980)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic))(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(NRP)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)977(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)NRP(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic):(1)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);(2)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). La literatura sobre asociaciones p & uacute;blico-privadas promueve las estructuras de implementaci & oacute;n h & iacute;bridas como una posible soluci & oacute;n para abordar la escasez de recursos y la alta complejidad y carga de la implementaci & oacute;n. A pesar de la creciente relevancia y las promesas de las estructuras de implementaci & oacute;n h & iacute;bridas, carecemos de conocimiento sistem & aacute;tico sobre qu & eacute; lleva a los gobiernos a optar por este tipo de estructura. Modificamos el modelo seminal de implementaci & oacute;n efectiva de Sabatier y Mazmanian (1980) para examinar los determinantes del cumplimiento de las pol & iacute;ticas en el caso de una pol & iacute;tica federal suiza distributiva que busca incentivar la prestaci & oacute;n de servicios h & iacute;bridos en sus unidades subnacionales, es decir, los cantones. La Nueva Pol & iacute;tica Regional Suiza (NRP) desembolsa fondos para fomentar las regiones perif & eacute;ricas y establece como objetivo que los cantones involucren a actores privados como gestores de proyectos. Analizando un conjunto de datos de 977 proyectos NRP implementados a nivel cantonal mediante modelos log & iacute;sticos bayesianos multinivel, encontramos que la elecci & oacute;n de estructuras h & iacute;bridas para la implementaci & oacute;n no solo est & aacute; influenciada por (1) la voluntad de los cantones de cumplir con los objetivos generales de la pol & iacute;tica, sino tambi & eacute;n por (2) los costos del proyecto y la cantidad de recursos financieros y humanos de los que disponen los cantones. Esta & uacute;ltima conclusi & oacute;n implica que las estructuras de implementaci & oacute;n h & iacute;bridas pueden ser una alternativa v & aacute;lida a la forma tradicional de implementaci & oacute;n cuando los gobiernos no cuentan con la capacidad suficiente para establecer y gestionar proyectos regionales sin la ayuda de actores privados.
In today's interconnected world, policymaking increasingly involves cross-border engagement, as governments draw on external policy models, organizations, and comparative experience. Earlier research has identified important mechanisms of cross-border policy circulation, but it has been less well suited to capturing more networked, iterative, and discursive forms of engagement. This study argues that such processes are better understood as interaction rather than transaction, through which "epistemic engagement" occurs as policymakers acknowledge and assess external ideas. We therefore treat references to external policy actors as discursive indicators of such engagement. We examine this question in the context of the Open Government Partnership (OGP), a useful setting as it combines peer-learning and co-creation with uneven geopolitical influence. Using a mixed-method design that integrates large language models, network analysis, and qualitative thematic analysis, we analyze four types of open government policy documents from 75 OGP member countries. The findings reveal a complex landscape of contemporary policy interactions, marked by multidirectional flows, expanded actor participation, and context-sensitive engagement that extends beyond conventional transactional models. Methodologically, the study shows how computation text analysis can trace cross-national policy engagement at scale while remaining attentive to the interpretive limits of document-based evidence.
Zoning is one of the most widely used land use regulations in the U.S. An increasing number of local governments have adopted zoning ordinances to regulate renewable energy projects. However, there has been very limited research on the impact of this local regulatory tool. To address this research gap, this study examines the policy design features of local wind energy ordinances, and how they influence the siting of wind projects. We compile and analyze a novel dataset combining coded policy design features of over 700 local wind energy ordinances, block-group level socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, and wind deployment data across Michigan for the years 2013, 2017, 2020 and 2023. Fixed effects model results reveal that stringent ordinances have a stronger constraining effect on wind development in higher-income communities. The findings highlight the role of local land use policy design in shaping the distribution of wind energy infrastructure.
While the Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) increasingly attends to narratives articulated by individuals, the mechanisms explaining why certain individual narratives garner attention remain under-explored. By integrating social media interaction metrics, this study advances NPF scholarship regarding individual narratives. We empirically analyzed the relationship between narrative characteristics within public comments on China's National Centralized Drug Procurement (NCDP) policy and digital engagement metrics, specifically the volume of likes and replies. The results indicate that audience likes are employed both to express support for and concern about individual characters in individual narratives, and to convey evaluations of organizational characters. Combining the two metrics, we find that highly engaging individual narratives are characterized by distinct individuation or vivid imagery. Notably, even within a controversial policy context, villain and victim narratives constructed by individuals did not generate significantly higher engagement. This finding highlights the complex internal fragmentation of public opinion and underscores the necessity of accounting for users engaging primarily through lightweight interactions in the analysis of individual narratives. Furthermore, narratives framed around policy benefits generated greater engagement than those centered on costs, suggesting a divergence between classical psychological assumptions and attentional allocation on social media platforms.
This study examines how citizens comply with government mandates when public disagreement with policy measures is high. Drawing on survey data from South Korea and the United States during the COVID-19 pandemic, we test how two distinct belief systems-duty-based and deterrence-based-relate to compliance under disagreement, and how these relationships are conditioned by symbolic ideology and national policy environments. Results show that duty-based beliefs reduce, while deterrence-based beliefs increase, the degree of unwilling compliance. Symbolic ideology amplifies the effects of both beliefs, strengthening the negative association for duty and the positive association for deterrence. This amplification is more pronounced in the decentralized, low-trust, individualistic U.S. context than in the centralized, high-trust, collectivistic Korean context. These findings advance compliance research by theorizing "compliance under disagreement" as distinct from ordinary compliance, and by integrating motivational, identity, and contextual perspectives. They also underscore that identical coercive rules can evoke divergent compliance pathways across governance regimes, depending on how motivational beliefs and ideological cueing are embedded in policy environments. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)--(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)--(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). Este estudio examina c & oacute;mo los ciudadanos cumplen con los mandatos gubernamentales cuando el desacuerdo con las medidas pol & iacute;ticas es alto. Bas & aacute;ndonos en datos de encuestas de Corea del Sur y Estados Unidos durante la pandemia de COVID-19, probamos c & oacute;mo dos sistemas de creencias distintos, basados en el deber y basados en la disuasi & oacute;n, se relacionan con el cumplimiento en desacuerdo y c & oacute;mo estas relaciones est & aacute;n condicionadas por la ideolog & iacute;a simb & oacute;lica y los entornos de pol & iacute;tica nacional. Los resultados muestran que las creencias basadas en el deber reducen, mientras que las creencias basadas en la disuasi & oacute;n aumentan el grado de cumplimiento involuntario. La ideolog & iacute;a simb & oacute;lica amplifica los efectos de ambas creencias, fortaleciendo la asociaci & oacute;n negativa para el deber y la asociaci & oacute;n positiva con la disuasi & oacute;n. Esta amplificaci & oacute;n es m & aacute;s pronunciada en el contexto estadounidense descentralizado, de baja confianza e individualista que en el contexto coreano centralizado, de alta confianza y colectivista. Estos hallazgos hacen avanzar la investigaci & oacute;n del cumplimiento al teorizar el "cumplimiento en desacuerdo" como distinto del cumplimiento ordinario y al integrar perspectivas motivacionales, de identidad y contextuales. Tambi & eacute;n subrayan que normas coercitivas id & eacute;nticas pueden generar v & iacute;as de cumplimiento divergentes en los distintos reg & iacute;menes de gobernanza, dependiendo de c & oacute;mo se integren las creencias motivacionales y las pautas ideol & oacute;gicas en los entornos pol & iacute;ticos.
What role do scientists play in providing policy knowledge in public debates? Drawing on the Advocacy Coalition Framework, this study examines how scientists express elements of policy knowledge-namely, policy problems, causal explanations, and expected impacts-within a contentious offshore wind policy debate in the United States. Utilizing a combined dataset of 1275 policy statements from news articles and public meeting testimonies, the study applies statistical network analysis, offering a methodological contribution to policy research. The findings show that scientists, though often viewed as neutral actors, tend to align with coalitions, distinguish themselves by emphasizing policy problems and causes supported by evidence, and play a more central role when government policy positions oppose those of their coalition. This study advances understanding of scientists' behavior as coalition members in policy conflicts and highlights the distinctive character of their policy discourse. & iquest;Qu & eacute; papel desempe & ntilde;an los cient & iacute;ficos en la aportaci & oacute;n de conocimiento pol & iacute;tico en los debates p & uacute;blicos? Bas & aacute;ndose en el Marco de Coalici & oacute;n de Defensa, este estudio examina c & oacute;mo los cient & iacute;ficos expresan elementos de conocimiento pol & iacute;tico -en concreto, problemas de pol & iacute;tica, explicaciones causales e impactos esperados- en un pol & eacute;mico debate sobre pol & iacute;ticas e & oacute;licas marinas en Estados Unidos. Utilizando un conjunto de datos combinado de 1275 declaraciones pol & iacute;ticas de art & iacute;culos period & iacute;sticos y testimonios de reuniones p & uacute;blicas, el estudio aplica el an & aacute;lisis estad & iacute;stico de redes, ofreciendo una contribuci & oacute;n metodol & oacute;gica a la investigaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas. Los hallazgos muestran que los cient & iacute;ficos, aunque a menudo se consideran actores neutrales, tienden a alinearse con las coaliciones, se distinguen por enfatizar los problemas y causas de las pol & iacute;ticas respaldadas por la evidencia, y desempe & ntilde;an un papel m & aacute;s central cuando las posturas pol & iacute;ticas del gobierno se oponen a las de su coalici & oacute;n. Este estudio profundiza en la comprensi & oacute;n del comportamiento de los cient & iacute;ficos como miembros de la coalici & oacute;n en conflictos pol & iacute;ticos y destaca el car & aacute;cter distintivo de su discurso pol & iacute;tico. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)?(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)--(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)1275(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)'(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)'(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).
Policy feedback theory introduces the concept that "new policies create new politics" through feedback loops where policies reshape the political environment and influence future policy formulation. However, few studies have fully realized this initial promise, with limited attention being paid to the feedback loop. This study conducts a systematic review of 183 SSCI articles to assess the gap between current research and the original promise of policy feedback theory. Our analysis revealed three key findings: More than half of the articles did not address policy feedback loops, limiting the theory's potential; While the original framework provides a foundation for the discussion of mechanisms, misuses persist, and further exploration of the relationships between these mechanisms is required; The absence of feedback loops has left discussions on the self-reinforcing and self-undermining effects at an early stage. This study argues that future policy feedback research should more frequently treat policy as both the starting and ending points of analysis and calls for a deeper exploration of feedback mechanisms and their long-term effects. By addressing these gaps, this study aims to refine the concept of policy feedback and enhance our understanding of the long-term impacts of policies. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)"(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)183(sic)SSCI(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic):(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). La teor & iacute;a de la retroalimentaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas introduce el concepto de que "las nuevas pol & iacute;ticas crean nueva pol & iacute;tica" a trav & eacute;s de bucles de retroalimentaci & oacute;n donde las pol & iacute;ticas remodelan el entorno pol & iacute;tico e influyen en la formulaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas futuras. Sin embargo, pocos estudios han cumplido plenamente esta promesa inicial, prestando escasa atenci & oacute;n al bucle de retroalimentaci & oacute;n. Este estudio realiza una revisi & oacute;n sistem & aacute;tica de 183 art & iacute;culos indexados en SSCI para evaluar la brecha entre la investigaci & oacute;n actual y la promesa original de la teor & iacute;a de la retroalimentaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas. Nuestro an & aacute;lisis revel & oacute; tres hallazgos clave: M & aacute;s de la mitad de los art & iacute;culos no abordaron los bucles de retroalimentaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas, lo que limita el potencial de la teor & iacute;a; Si bien el marco original proporciona una base para la discusi & oacute;n de los mecanismos, persisten los usos incorrectos y se requiere una mayor exploraci & oacute;n de las relaciones entre estos mecanismos; La ausencia de bucles de retroalimentaci & oacute;n ha dejado las discusiones sobre los efectos de autorrefuerzo y autodestrucci & oacute;n en una etapa temprana. Este estudio argumenta que la investigaci & oacute;n futura sobre la retroalimentaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas deber & iacute;a tratar con mayor frecuencia la pol & iacute;tica como punto de partida y de llegada del an & aacute;lisis, y aboga por una exploraci & oacute;n m & aacute;s profunda de los mecanismos de retroalimentaci & oacute;n y sus efectos a largo plazo. Al abordar estas brechas, este estudio busca refinar el concepto de retroalimentaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas y mejorar nuestra comprensi & oacute;n de los impactos a largo plazo de las pol & iacute;ticas.
Climate change has and will continue to have a profound effect on both individuals and the communities in which they reside. A pressing question is how communities forced to confront climate-induced catastrophe-including both rapid and slow-onset hazards-undertake the decision of how and when to relocate, particularly given the multiple scales at which decision-making processes play out and the broadly felt social, economic, and environmental effects that arise from the resulting decisions. In the US, multiple communities have begun to face the challenge of relocation through the creation of formalized plans, plans that can themselves be used as windows into a complex and emergent governance process. But before the effectiveness of these processes in governing relocation can be assessed, we must first understand the structure under which relocation occurs. Through the example of three US communities that have already begun the process of relocation, we document the organizations involved and the policies and programs cited. Leveraging the Institutional Grammar, we next explore the institutional structure of the relocation process against theoretical expectations for polycentric governance. In doing so, we provide further examples of semi-automated analysis of institutional grammar using open-source software, contributing to an even wider realm of policy scholarship. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic))(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). El cambio clim & aacute;tico ha tenido y seguir & aacute; teniendo un profundo efecto tanto en las personas como en las comunidades donde residen. Una pregunta urgente es c & oacute;mo las comunidades obligadas a afrontar cat & aacute;strofes clim & aacute;ticas -incluyendo peligros de evoluci & oacute;n r & aacute;pida y lenta- toman la decisi & oacute;n de c & oacute;mo y cu & aacute;ndo reubicarse, especialmente dadas las m & uacute;ltiples escalas en las que se desarrollan los procesos de toma de decisiones y los amplios efectos sociales, econ & oacute;micos y ambientales que surgen de las decisiones resultantes. En Estados Unidos, numerosas comunidades han comenzado a afrontar el reto de la reubicaci & oacute;n mediante la creaci & oacute;n de planes formalizados, planes que pueden utilizarse como ventana a un proceso de gobernanza complejo y emergente. Sin embargo, antes de evaluar la eficacia de estos procesos en la gesti & oacute;n de la reubicaci & oacute;n, es necesario comprender la estructura bajo la cual se produce. A trav & eacute;s del ejemplo de tres comunidades estadounidenses que ya han iniciado el proceso de reubicaci & oacute;n, documentamos las organizaciones involucradas y las pol & iacute;ticas y programas citados. Aprovechando la Gram & aacute;tica Institucional, a continuaci & oacute;n, exploramos la estructura institucional del proceso de reubicaci & oacute;n frente a las expectativas te & oacute;ricas de una gobernanza polic & eacute;ntrica. De esta manera, proporcionamos m & aacute;s ejemplos de an & aacute;lisis semiautomatizado de la gram & aacute;tica institucional mediante software de c & oacute;digo abierto, contribuyendo as & iacute; a un & aacute;mbito a & uacute;n m & aacute;s amplio de investigaci & oacute;n en pol & iacute;ticas p & uacute;blicas.
The future of work (FoW), that is, how new technologies from automation to artificial intelligence affect the workplace, has become such a salient topic that its framing matters for the evolution of important policy areas from social protection to market and labor regulation. However, we still know relatively little about how problems arising from FoW are framed into policies. Indonesia is an interesting case study in this respect, as an informal coalition of government and tech companies pushes digitalization. We conjecture that this context also matters for the framing of significant policy reforms. Looking at the output of several news agencies, we find that, overall, positive sentiments are most salient, showing a solutionist mindset, that is, technology is a technocratic solution to big social problems. Government-related sources (Antara) follow this mindset, in contrast to some of the private sources. For the government, we only found one exception, which is the need to regulate e-commerce. Thus, the Indonesian case shows how a pro-technology government frames FoW and how this eventually includes and excludes important areas of policymaking, such as investment, regulation, and compensation. This gives us crucial insights also for other instances of policy change, where the field is somewhat complex and usually bundles together several policy areas. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(FoW), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)((sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic))(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic),(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). El futuro del trabajo (FdT), es decir, c & oacute;mo las nuevas tecnolog & iacute;as, desde la automatizaci & oacute;n hasta la inteligencia artificial, afectan el entorno laboral, se ha convertido en un tema tan relevante que su definici & oacute;n es crucial para la evoluci & oacute;n de importantes & aacute;reas pol & iacute;ticas, desde la protecci & oacute;n social hasta la regulaci & oacute;n del mercado y del trabajo. Sin embargo, a & uacute;n sabemos relativamente poco sobre c & oacute;mo los problemas derivados del FdT se integran en las pol & iacute;ticas. Indonesia es un caso de estudio interesante en este sentido, ya que una coalici & oacute;n informal entre el gobierno y las empresas tecnol & oacute;gicas impulsa la digitalizaci & oacute;n. Conjeturamos que este contexto tambi & eacute;n es relevante para la definici & oacute;n de reformas pol & iacute;ticas significativas. Al analizar la informaci & oacute;n de varias agencias de noticias, observamos que, en general, predominan las opiniones positivas, mostrando una mentalidad solucionista, es decir, que la tecnolog & iacute;a es una soluci & oacute;n tecnocr & aacute;tica a los grandes problemas sociales. Las fuentes relacionadas con el gobierno (Antara) siguen esta mentalidad, a diferencia de algunas fuentes privadas. En el caso del gobierno, solo encontramos una excepci & oacute;n: la necesidad de regular el comercio electr & oacute;nico. Por lo tanto, el caso indonesio muestra c & oacute;mo un gobierno pro-tecnolog & iacute;a define el FdT y c & oacute;mo esto eventualmente incluye y excluye & aacute;reas importantes de la formulaci & oacute;n de pol & iacute;ticas, como la inversi & oacute;n, la regulaci & oacute;n y la compensaci & oacute;n. Esto nos proporciona informaci & oacute;n crucial tambi & eacute;n para otros casos de cambio de pol & iacute;ticas, donde el campo es algo complejo y generalmente agrupa varias & aacute;reas de pol & iacute;ticas.
Previous research demonstrates that assumptions and perceptions about who benefits from welfare programs and the deservingness of those welfare beneficiaries play a considerable role in shaping individuals' welfare attitudes. However, a holistic understanding of how these assumptions and perceptions are formed remains limited. In this study, I indicate that elements of welfare policy design (e.g., means-testing rules) can shape native citizens' assumptions about immigrants as welfare beneficiaries. Through an original survey experiment on Cint Theorem, I find that including a means-testing rule makes respondents more likely to assume a welfare program benefits immigrants to the exclusion of native-born Americans. Such a rule also appears to increase assumptions that these programs primarily benefit low-skilled immigrants and newcomers from less developed countries, though the magnitude of these effects varies across policy domains. In the Pell Grant experiment, the effects are statistically stronger, whereas the corresponding effects in the Child Tax Credit experiment-though pointing in the same direction-are smaller and only marginally significant. Moreover, while certain assumptions-such as the exclusion assumption-are more strongly associated with welfare opposition among those with stronger anti-immigration views.
Using Policy Feedback Theory and Grid Group Cultural Theory, we show how COVID-19 policy stringency and individuals' cultural worldviews influence trust in different levels of Chinese government. Relying on the Oxford COVID-19 Government Response Tracker (OxCGRT) and independent surveys in 2020 and 2022, we find that, as expected, Chinese respondents trust the central government more than local governments in 2020, but that increasing stringency in containment and health policies negatively correlates with trust in government at all levels in 2022. However, increasing stringency in economic support policy is associated positively with trust in government at all levels in 2022. Furthermore, as expected, hierarchy positively correlates with trust in government, while individualism negatively correlates with it in both years. In addition, egalitarianism is positively associated with trust in government in 2022, while fatalism is negatively associated with it in 2020. Moreover, cultural worldviews moderate the relationship between policy stringency and trust in government. Our results suggest that top-down measures in public health crises are more likely to be rejected by some subcultures and that cultural surprises associated with the pandemic may trigger public demands for policy change. (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(OxCGRT)(sic)(sic)2020(sic)(sic)2022(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), 2020(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic);(sic)2022(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), 2022(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)2022(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)2020(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic).(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic). Utilizando la Teor & iacute;a de la Retroalimentaci & oacute;n de Pol & iacute;ticas y la Teor & iacute;a Cultural de Grupos Grid, mostramos c & oacute;mo el rigor de las pol & iacute;ticas relacionadas con la COVID-19 y las visiones culturales de los individuos influyen en la confianza en los diferentes niveles del gobierno chino. Bas & aacute;ndonos en el Rastreador de Respuesta Gubernamental a la COVID-19 de Oxford (OxCGRT) y en encuestas independientes realizadas en 2020 y 2022, observamos que, como era de esperar, los encuestados chinos conf & iacute;an m & aacute;s en el gobierno central que en los gobiernos locales en 2020, pero que un mayor rigor en las pol & iacute;ticas de contenci & oacute;n y salud se correlaciona negativamente con la confianza en el gobierno a todos los niveles en 2022. Sin embargo, un mayor rigor en las pol & iacute;ticas de apoyo econ & oacute;mico se asocia positivamente con la confianza en el gobierno a todos los niveles en 2022. Adem & aacute;s, como era de esperar, la jerarqu & iacute;a se correlaciona positivamente con la confianza en el gobierno, mientras que el individualismo se correlaciona negativamente con ella en ambos a & ntilde;os. Adem & aacute;s, el igualitarismo se asoci & oacute; positivamente con la confianza en el gobierno en 2022, mientras que el fatalismo se asoci & oacute; negativamente con & eacute;l en 2020. Asimismo, las cosmovisiones culturales moderan la relaci & oacute;n entre el rigor pol & iacute;tico y la confianza en el gobierno. Nuestros resultados sugieren que las medidas de arriba hacia abajo en las crisis de salud p & uacute;blica tienen mayor probabilidad de ser rechazadas por algunas subculturas y que las sorpresas culturales asociadas con la pandemia pueden generar demandas p & uacute;blicas de cambios en las pol & iacute;ticas.
