The destructive earthquakes of February 6, 2023 in southern Turkey renewed scientific interest in neighboringfault systems whose late-stage tectonic histories remain poorly constrained. One such structure is the SavrunFault, located northeast of Adana and southwest of the Sürgü-Çardak Fault. This study investigates the tectoniccharacter and Neogene to Quaternary evolution of the Savrun Fault through an integrated approach that combinesfield observations, lithostratigraphic relationships, morphotectonic indices and GIS-based remote-sensinganalyses. The fault extends from Kozan toward Göksun and exhibits well-developed structural elements, includingfault planes, fracture systems and associated deformation within Lower to Middle Miocene sedimentaryunits. In contrast, overlying Quaternary colluvial and alluvial deposits show no evidence of displacementor disruption. Morphotectonic indices (Smf, SL, HI, Af, Vf) reveal localized landscape modification, yet theundisturbed nature of young fluvial and alluvial units indicates that the fault has not experienced documentedreactivation during the Quaternary. Despite its close spatial relationship to the seismically active Sürgü-ÇardakFault, the Savrun Fault lacks geomorphic or stratigraphic indicators of late-stage slip. Its southern segment,particularly near the Bağdaş Plateau, is interpreted as a transpressional zone that likely ceased motion duringthe Middle to Late Miocene. These combined observations suggest that, although structurally prominent, theSavrun Fault plays no measurable role in present-day deformation. The refined tectonic interpretation presentedhere contributes to a clearer understanding of fault architecture and Neogene landscape evolution in the centralAmanos-Göksun region.
During the mid Danian, deep-water chalk accumulated in the central parts of the Danish Basin, which harboureda markedly impoverished macrobenthos fauna. Among the seven echinoid taxa recorded so far, fiveare atelostomates belonging to the deposit feeder guild. Here, a new species of the micrasterid echinoid genusPseudogibbaster Moskvin, 1983, P. herkstroeteri, is erected to accommodate a single, moderately large-sized,fairly well-preserved test from Dalbyover, in northern Jutland, the only locality where mid-Danian deep-waterchalk from the central part of the Danish Basin can be accessed. This is the first record of the genus from thePaleocene of NW Europe. Features that distinguish the new taxon from its congeners are the relatively largesize, rectangular test profile and conspicuously large and countersunk phyllodal pores. The latter correspondedwith large penicillate podia and are interpreted as an adaptation to the nutrient-deficient bottom conditionsby optimizing the ability of bulk sediment feeding.
The Aptian–Albian succession, consisting of the Lower Qamchuqa, Jawan, Upper Sarmord, and UpperQamchuqa formations, from five boreholes in the Bai Hassan oil field, Zagros Foreland Basin, northern Iraq, hasbeen studied in terms of facies, microfacies, diagenetic processes and sequence stratigraphy. Eight microfacieswere identified: lime mudstone, orbitolina wackestone/packstone, orbitolina-miliolid wackestone, peloidal-miliolid-echinoderm packstone/grainstone, bioclast-mollusc-echinoderm wackestone/packstone, laminatedevaporite-carbonate mudstone, planktonic foraminifera wackestone/packstone, and argillaceous pelagic limemudstone. The succession was deposited in five stages characterised by changing facies patterns in a varietyof environments, including: restricted shallow marine/lagoonal, shallow open marine, fore-reef, deep open marineand basinal. The studied deposits were subjected to several diagenetic processes, including: micritization,dissolution, recrystallization, cementation, anhydritization, compaction, and dolomitization, taking place invarious diagenetic environments: meteoric phreatic, marine phreatic, vadose, mixing, and burial. Developmentof diagenetic processes was strongly affected by sea-level fluctuations, causing landward or seaward shifts ofvarious diagenetic environments. In general, the succession is characterised by less cementation, constructivedolomitization and moderate porosity, resulting in moderate to good hydrocarbon reservoir properties in its partsrepresented by highstand stages, and by moderate porosity, resulting in moderate to good reservoir characteristicsin its transgressive stages. The shallow environments represented by restricted and shallow open marinefacies are typified by high values of porosity due to dissolution and early dolomitization. Therefore, tectonicswas not the only factor that controlled the petrophysical properties and the reservoir distribution within thestudied succession in the Bai Hassan oil field.
The Upper Jurassic bedded limestones developed within the microbial-sponge megafacies along the northernmargin of the Tethys Ocean host, among other things, chert concretions and bedded cherts. This megafacies hasbeen identified in a number of exposures located in the Kraków-Częstochowa Upland (Poland) as well as in thesoutheastern Franconian Alb and the Bayerwald (Germany), where it revealed mineralogical, petrographic andgeochemical similarities. Hence, siliceous rocks formed by the replacement of primary calcium carbonate withsilica also showed significant resemblance. The major chemical component of the analyzed siliceous rocks isSiO2, accompanied by minor amounts of Al2O3, TiO2, Fe2O3, and trace elements. The field observations combinedwith the results of geochemical analyses have indicated that the silica forming the chert concretions andthe bedded cherts was primarily supplied by hydrothermal solutions rather than being supplied by the skeletonsof siliceous sponges and radiolarians. The results of geochemical analyses document the formation of siliceousrocks during multistage diagenetic processes strongly influenced by hydrothermal solutions. The negativeCe anomalies observed in samples from all studied locations suggest oxic conditions during the silicificationprocesses whereas the positive Eu anomalies indicate the local contribution of hydrothermal solutions underpartially anoxic conditions. The differences in Eu anomalies found between particular locations are the result ofthe varying temperatures and intensity of hydrothermal solutions influx during the replacement processes, thusrevealing the spatial variability of hydrothermal activity in the studied regions of the northern Tethys margin.
A new trace fossil, Cochlearichnus tumidus igen. nov. et isp. nov., is described from Paleocene deep-seadeposits of the Ropianka Formation (Magura Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians) and the Pagliaro Formation(Northern Apennines, Italy). The trace occurs in fine-grained turbiditic sandstones and is preserved as a hypichnialconvex semi-relief with a consistent spoon-shaped outline. Comparison with the body outlines of extantechiuran worms indicates that C. tumidus igen. nov. et isp. nov. represents a resting trace, most likely producedby a deep-sea echiuran inhabiting soft, muddy substrates. The structure was formed in mud and subsequentlyscoured and cast by turbiditic sand. The deposits bearing this trace fossil are characterized by the Paleodictyonichnosubfacies within the Nereites ichnofacies, typical of distal parts of the turbiditic depositional systems.
This paper shows that Georg Gottlieb Pusch (1790–1846), the most outstanding Polish geologist of the 19thcentury, was the author of the first catalogue of Middle Miocene fossils from the territories of the then Kingdomof Poland (1815–1832) and Eastern Galicia (now south-eastern Poland and western Ukraine). This catalogue,containing 400 species-level names, was published in the second volume of the monumental treatise, i.e.,Geognostische Beschreibung von Polen, about the geology of Poland (Pusch 1836). Out of the 137 species-levelnames of bivalves, five were introduced as new: Venericardia annulata, Astarte crassatellaeformis, Cardiumgracile, Venericardia lima, and Pecten nodosiformis. All newly described species were subsequently re-describedand illustrated in the comprehensive volume Polens Paläontologie devoted to the palaeontology ofPoland, in which Pusch (1837a) included descriptions of three new taxa: Mactra biangulata, Pecten lilli, andPecten Burdigalensis var. polonica, as well as a revised list of the Middle Miocene fauna of Poland, Volhyniaand Podolia, previously published in the Geognostische Beschreibung von Polen. In the present work the taxadescribed by Pusch (1836, 1837a) have been critically revised. The species Cardium gracile Pusch, 1836, Pectennodosiformis Pusch and de Serres in Pusch, 1836, and Pecten lilli Pusch, 1837 are considered taxonomicallyvalid. Astarte crassatellaeformis Pusch, 1836 is newly synonymized with the present-day Venus foliaceolamellosaDillwyn, 1817. Venericardia annulata Pusch, 1836 and Venericardia lima Pusch, 1836 are regardedas nomina dubia. The names Pecten Burdigalensis var. polonica Pusch, 1837 and Mactra biangulata Pusch,1837 are recognised as nomina oblita. In addition, it has been shown that an approach to knowledge about therhodolith-bearing sediments of southern Poland began in the 1820s with the works of Georg Gottlieb Pusch,who is also the author of modern geological maps and the first profiles of the Middle Miocene sediments fromthe Kingdom of Poland and Eastern Galicia. Finally, Pusch’s position regarding the age of the gypsum depositsof the Nida River region is presented.
Seven species of balanomorph cirripedes are recorded from the Miocene to Pleistocene succession exposed in a phosphate mine in North Carolina; although collected loose, most probably originated from the Pliocene Yorktown Formation. Four of the species belong to the balanid subfamily Concavinae, i.e., Chesaconcavus proteus (Conrad, 1834), Arossia aurae Zullo, 1992, Paraconcavus talquinensis (Wiesbord, 1966), P. cf. prebrevicalcar (Ross, 1964), and one to the subfamily Amphibalaninae, i.e., Fistulobalanus multiseptatus (Ross, 1964). A chelonibiid (turtle barnacle), Protochelonibia collaretai sp. nov. is new, and the living balanine Balanuscalidus (Pilsbry, 1916) is recorded from the Pleistocene (Calabrian) James River Formation.
Landslide investigations have increasingly focused on integrating geotechnical monitoring with geophysical methods to improve the characterisation of internal slope processes and deformation mechanisms. This study presents a combined analysis of long-term deep-seated inclinometer displacements and seismic measurements conducted at selected landslides located in the Polish Outer Carpathian flysch. Two instrumented landslides were investigated using multi-year inclinometer monitoring covering periods of approximately 4–9 years, together with seismic refraction surveys. The initial shear modulus at very small strains (G₀) was derived from shear-wave velocity (Vₛ) and bulk density values calibrated using laboratory measurements, providing a quantitative indicator of subsurface stiffness variability. Vertical distributions of G₀ were compared with cumulative deep-seated displacements recorded by inclinometers, which allowed the identification of kinematic-mechanical deformation zones within the landslide bodies and their relationship to lithological and structural conditions. The results indicate that the integration of geophysical stiffness parameters with long-term inclinometer monitoring enables a more detailed delineation of zones characterised by different deformation behaviour. This approach supports the interpretation of deep-seated landslide structure in flysch terrains and provides a basis for further development of site-specific slope stability assessment and monitoring strategies.
This study presents the results of research conducted on material coming from the Raptawicka Gate section of the High-Tatric autochthonous succession (Kościeliska Valley, West Tatra Mts, Central West Carpathians, Poland). It utilizes biostratigraphic (calpionellids, calcareous dinocysts, foraminifers), quantitative microfacies, and geochemical (stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, main and trace elements concentrations) techniques. The section documents the transition between the Raptawicka Turnia Limestone (RTL) Fm and the Wysoka Turnia Limestone (WTL) Fm, with an erosional gap in between them. The RTL Fm part contains the Malmica–Remanei microfossil zones, and therefore belongs to the middle lower–upper Tithonian; the WTL Fm part contains a foraminiferal assemblage which characterizes the Barremian/Aptian transition and the lower Aptian, whereas the δ13C record largely conforms with the characteristics of Oceanic Anoxic Event 1a (OAE 1a). Correlation with the Giewont composite section (High-Tatric allochthonous unit) enables the presentation of a coherent record of Tithonian sedimentation in both areas. It also allows the inference that the topmost beds of the RTL Fm in the Raptawicka Gate section are younger than those in the Giewont composite section. Furthermore, the stratigraphic gap between the topmost Jurassic and the Lower Cretaceous sediments in the High-Tatric autochthonous cover (Raptawicka Gate) is significantly larger (topmost Tithonian–basal Aptian) than that within the Giewont Nappe (cf. topmost Tithonian–Berriasian). Ultimately, microfacies analysis allows the recognition of biotic events/processes documented in other western Tethys sections; these are thought to reflect major-scale environmental perturbations.
The first mid-Polish lignite seam (MPLS-1), mined in the vicinity of Konin and Turek in central Poland, has been subjected to multi-directional studies. These allowed for the deciphering of the environmental conditions in which relatively thick peat deposits were formed in the Middle Miocene. Research into organic matter alone does not allow for a complete determination of the mire type and its evolution. Much valuable additional information on this subject can be provided by a sedimentological study of siliciclastic interbeddings contained within the lignite seam. Therefore, this paper presents the results of low-rank coal lithotypes and clastic facies analysis. MPLS-1 from the Adamów–Konin Basin shows that the use of these two research methods can give satisfactory results. The lithotype analysis showed that sedimentary sub-environments (mire types: fen/open water, bush moor and forest mires, both relatively wet and dry) changed both vertically and laterally. On the other hand, sedimentological analysis of the siliciclastic sediments provides indirect evidence that the Mid-Miocene mires in central Poland existed in the vicinity of river channels. Their waters repeatedly flooded the mires, interrupted their evolution, and significantly increased the ash yield of MPLS-1. Finally, the presented results are in agreement with those obtained from palynological research.
An investigation of expanded sections spanning the upper Aptian to lower Cenomanian interval in the Kalaat Senan-Jérissa area of eastern central Tunisia demonstrates that the base of the Albian, defined by the first occurrence of the planktonic foraminiferan Microhedbergella renilaevis Huber and Leckie, 2011, lies above the successive ammonite zones of Mellegueiceras chiaouiae, ‘Hypacanthoplites’ paucicostatus, Mellegueiceras ouenzaensis, and part or all of the ‘Hypacanthoplites’ buloti Zone of previous authors, which are thus Aptian in age. A major hiatus, of approximately 1 myr duration, is present between the uppermost Aptian and lowermost Albian, which encompasses the lower Albian Microhedbergella renilaevis, Ticinella rischi and Ticinella madecassiana planktonic foraminiferan zones. Absence of an ammonite record extending from the lower (but not lowest) middle Albian to the lower (but not lowest) upper Albian indicates the presence of a further hiatus, including most of the middle Albian and the lower part of the upper Albian (Dipoloceras cristatum Zone). Recorded by previous authors, the extent of this hiatus is now precisely dated. The upper Albian Pervinquieria (Pervinquieria) inflata, Pervinquieria (Pervinquieria) fallax and Pervinquieria (Subschloenbachia) rostrata ammonite zones are also absent, as a result of either non-preservation, hiatus or condensation. This is the first precise dating of the major intra-Cretaceous hiatuses which extend across North Africa.
Mollusc shells are among the most common fossil remains in Quaternary sediments. Classical palaeoenvironmental reconstructions are based on mollusc assemblages and the ecological preferences of the species. These approaches can be complemented by stable isotope analysis, which adds information on the environmental conditions under which the organisms lived. Oxygen isotope values in land snail shells are mainly used to estimate the isotopic composition of precipitation and can also provide temperature estimates. The carbon isotope values reflect the diet and the dominant vegetation type (e.g., C3 vs. C4 plants) in their surroundings. Despite decades of study, the processes controlling the incorporation of stable oxygen and carbon isotopes into land snail shells are still not fully understood, especially the relative influence of environmental versus biological factors. This understanding is essential for an accurate interpretation of the isotopic data. This paper reviews research on stable isotope analysis of land snail shells. It summarises methodologies, sampling strategies, and sample preparation techniques for oxygen and carbon isotope measurements. It also discusses applications of isotopic data in palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions using modern and fossil shells, highlights interpretative limitations, and examines biological and environmental factors that influence isotopic signatures.
The deposits of the Emsian to the Eifelian period in the Holy Cross Mountains are of interest due to the occurrence of the "ore-bearing horizon" composed of clays with nested iron ores at their outcrops. In boreholes drilled in the vicinity of sites of ore occurrence no ore is found at depth but only pyrite-bearing clay-mudstones. Exposures of these deposits in the dolomite quarry in Jurkowice have allowed the authors to study their sedimentological features and geochemical properties. There are present here deposits of the upper part of the Winna Formation: red sandy mudstones and hematite-bearing clays, followed by grey-black tuffitic mudstone with disseminated iron sulphide, overlaid by laminated heterolithic clayey and sandy sediments with intercalations of quarzitic sandstone. They are strongly convolute-folded, in their uppermost part and covered by quartz-dolomitic sandstone, followed by the carbonate rock series. Chemical analyses reveal a considerably elevated rare-earth elements content in the grey heteroliths. The convex-upwards MREE distribution pattern suggests their supply by hydrothermal mineralizing fluids. The hematite and iron sulphide-bearing rocks with signs of hydrothermal activity allow us to assume that the "ore-bearing horizon" at the Emsian-Eifelian boundary encompasses the upper part of the Winna Formation. The siderite appearing in the neighbouring limestones was a product of their alteration by iron sulphites produced during the weathering of iron sulphides.
Humnicki, W., Mieszkowski, R. and Szostakiewicz-Ho & lstrok;ownia, M. 2026. Use of the electrical conductivity of water and the electrical resistivity tomography of rocks in the recognition of groundwater circulation and discharge in strongly tectonized carbonate massifs. Acta Geologica Polonica, 76 (1), e73. In protected mountainous areas, groundwater surveys are usually restricted to studies of their recharge by springs and streams. In the case of fissured rocks, which represent a highly heterogeneous medium, classical hydrogeological methods may be supplemented by electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) techniques. The studies presented here were focused on explaining issues related to groundwater circulation and recharge in such a complex structure, based on the study of Gorczy & nacute;ski Ravine situated within the Pieniny Klippen Belt. The groundwater of that area is recharged by the Macelowy Stream and its spring. Electrical conductivity of water (EC) measurements have indicated the existence of a privileged groundwater recharge zone of the stream and a different groundwater recharge zone of the spring. ERT surveys were used to explain the observed EC measurements. The analysed rock massif is clearly heterogenic, as documented by the wide range of electrical resistivity values, from c. 50 S2m to above 19 000 S2m. Interpretation of the results was limited by the lack of documentation from wells, which would have allowed precise correlation between geoelectrical layers and geological units. Despite these restrictions, ERT surveys facilitated the explanation of the observed hydrogeological phenomena and supplied new data on the complex structure of this part of the Pieniny Klippen Belt.
A tiny, sessile brachylepadid barnacle, Microcorona girodi gen. et sp. nov., is described from lower and upper Campanian chalks of the Hannover area (northern Germany) and upper Maastrichtian biocalcarenites of southern Limburg (the Netherlands). The new taxon possesses a fused wall, comprising a rostrum, a carina, paired marginal plates and surrounding imbricating plates; an upper latus is absent. Cladistic analysis supports the interpretation that the new taxon is a sister group to all post-Mesozoic balanomorph barnacles (Neobalanomorpha). In the Hannover area, the new brachylepadid encrusted brachiopod shells, echinoid tests and serpulid tubes in a deep water (> 200 m) habitat. The single specimen from the upper Maastrichtian of the southern Netherlands was bioimmured by an exogyrine oyster in a shallow-water (< 50 m) setting, thus demonstrating that early balanomorphs were able to occupy a wide range of habitats.
The cirripede faunas from the Cretaceous (Campanian) of Sk & aring;ne, southern Sweden, are reviewed and atotal number of 31 species are recorded, the majority of which come from the upper lower Campanian (Belemnellocamax mammillatus Zone) of Iv & ouml; Klack, in the Kristianstad Basin. A number of new taxa are described, including the family Angulalepadidae and genus Angulalepas (type species Pollicipes nilssoni Steenstrup, 1839), as are Zeugmatolepas alifera sp. nov., Arcuatoscalpellum carlssoni sp. nov., Regioscalpellum ahlbergi sp. nov., and Epibrachylepas lineatum sp. nov. Pollicipes angelini Darwin, 1851, is placed in the genus Solidoscalpellum Gale, 2025, and Pollicipes undulatus Steenstrup, 1839 in the genus Arcuatoscalpellum Gale, 2015. The palaeoecology of the rocky shoreline cirripede fauna from Iv & ouml; Klack is discussed, and taxa are assigned to 6 microniche habitats, determined largely by the degree of turbulence and the nature of the substrates.
Despite their rarity, ammonites of the Pachydiscus neubergicus group rank amongst the stratigraphically most important macrofossils in the Maastrichtian of Europe. Here, their taxonomy is studied on the basis of material from mid-Maastrichtian chalk exposed at Hillerslev in Denmark. The studied sample consists often specimens in mouldic preservation, collected from a c. 10 m thick chalk interval. Their taxonomic identification is based on comparison with 'type populations' of known members of the P. neubergicus group, primarily with the roughly coeval material of P. neubergicus (v. Hauer, 1858) from Neuberg in Austria. To date, only P. neubergicus has been identified from this group in the Danish chalk. Based largely on differences in ribbing density, the Hillerslev material has conventionally been subdivided into several taxa, namely P. neubergicus, P. sp. cf. neubergicus, P. jacquoti (Seunes, 1890), P. sp. cf. jacquoti, P. sp. aff. armenicus Atabekian and Akopian, 1969, and Pachydiscus sp. Results of the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and one-sample t test for the studied material are compatible with such identifications of the Hillerslev specimens. However, an alternative taxonomic interpretation is possible that the identified morphospecies, with the potential exception of P. sp. aff. armenicus, are members of a single, highly-variable biospecies, dominated by a sparsicostate morphotype closer to P. jacquoti thanP. neubergicus. Additional material from the mid-Maastrichtian levels of Danish chalk is needed to test the latter hypothesis.
This article attempts to reconstruct the climatic and environmental conditions of the development of the palaeosols found in loess profiles in south-eastern Poland. A comprehensive profile was developed by the authors, based on an extensive analysis of literature data, which elucidated the mutual relationships between the occurrence of loess and intra-loess palaeosols in south-eastern Poland in relation to recent Pleistocene stratigraphy. In south-eastern Poland, five interglacial palaeosols have been identified: S5-Zad & eogon;bce (Ferdynandovian, MIS 15-13), S4-Sokal (Mazovian, MIS 11), S3-Za & lstrok;ubi & nacute;cze (Zb & oacute;jnian, MIS 9), S2-Tomasz & oacute;w (Lublinian, MIS 7) and S1-Nietulisko (Eemian-Early Vistulian, MIS 5e-a). Interglacial soils were developed in a warm and humid temperate climate. The two older soils, S5 and S4, are most commonly represented as brown soils, developed in mixed forest environments. Palaeosols S3, S2 and S1 are most frequently represented as grey forest soil types that have developed in coniferous or mixed forest environments. The Tomasz & oacute;w (S2) and Nietulisko (S1) soil types are pedocomplexes, which are defined by the presence of a layer of chernozem superimposed on a lessive soil. These pedocomplexes developed in varying environmental conditions during the early glacial period, dominated by steppes. Initial tundra soils which formed during interstadial periods were also recorded within the loess levels. The palaeosols documented in south-eastern Poland correlate well with the corresponding sections of long loess-soil sequences in Ukraine and other regions of Europe. Thus, they provide important supplementary data for reconstructing the rhythm of climate change in regions outside the range of the Scandinavian ice sheets.
Upper Cretaceous Zongzhuo Formation sandstones in the Tethyan Himalaya record critical provenance shifts linked to the India-Asia collision. Petrographic, geochemical, and detrital zircon U-Pb data classify sandstones into three types: Type I (high maturity, quartz/feldspar-rich, passive margin), derived from the Indian craton, with REE patterns mirroring Jurassic passive margin sediments, indicating long-distance transport during ongoing Neo-Tethys subduction; Type II (mixed felsic-mafic composition), reflecting dual sourcing from the Indian craton and the Lhasa Terrane, marking the end of Neo-Tethys subduction and transition to initial collision; and Type III (low maturity, lithic/OIB-type REE, high TiO2), near-source Lhasa arc volcanics with young zircons (similar to 100-70 Ma), signaling active collision and foreland basin development via India underthrusting. Provenance evolution-from purely Indian (Type I) to mixed (Type II) and dominantly Lhasa-derived (Type III)-constrains the collision onset to similar to 70-66 Ma. This shift coincides with the Tethyan Himalaya's transformation from a passive margin to a foreland basin, driven by India-Asia convergence. The data challenge Paleogene collision models, emphasizing Late Cretaceous tectono-sedimentary responses as the key markers of collision initiation. These findings provide robust sedimentological evidence for reconstructing collision dynamics and refining regional tectonic timelines.
Kennedy, W.J. and Klinger, H.C. 2026. On the ammonite subgenus Styphloceras van Hoepen, 1951, a synonym of Pervinquieria (Pervinquieria) B & ouml;hm, 1910, from the Upper Albian of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Acta Geologica Polonica, 76 (1), e72. In this contribution we revise the ammonite subgenus Pervinquieria (Styphloceras) van Hoepen, 1951, and show it to be a synonym of Pervinquieria sensu stricto. All of the species assigned to the subgenus by van Hoepen are interpreted as a single variable species, of whichPervinquieria (Collignonia) vallifera van Hoepen, 1951, is a further synonym.
