Dans le secteur de la fonderie, l’ébarbage consiste à enlever les défauts résiduels des pièces notamment à travers le meulage. Ce métier est concerné par la survenue de troubles musculosquelettiques (TMS). Dans le but de prévenir ces pathologies, des solutions de robotique collaborative se développent. Aujourd’hui, peu de travaux considèrent l’articulation des dimensions du geste professionnel comme une clé de compréhension de l’usage d’un cobot dans une visée de prévention des TMS. Nous considérons qu’un des enjeux de prévention des TMS lors de l’usage d’un cobot réside dans la compréhension du geste professionnel et la conception de milieu favorable à son développement. En ergonomie de l’activité, l’analyse du geste professionnel permet de considérer l’articulation des différentes dimensions – biomécanique, cognitive et psycho-sociale – du geste et sa réalisation dans la situation de travail. Dans une visée de prévention des TMS, l’objectif de cet article est de montrer comment les dimensions biomécanique, cognitive et psycho-sociale du geste professionnel s’articulent lors de l’usage du cobot. Le cobot étudié est un robot d’assistance physique sans contention manipulé par l’opérateur lors de l’activité de meulage. La méthodologie déployée dans ce travail concerne 5 ébarbeurs et mobilise des entretiens semi-directifs, des observations, des entretiens au poste de travail et des auto-confrontations individuelles. Cet article montre l’intérêt de l’analyse du geste professionnel pour comprendre les effets de l’usage d’un cobot et identifier les évolutions de la situation de travail à envisager dans une perspective de prévention des TMS.
Dans un environnement professionnel de plus en plus exigeant, la capacité de récupération après le travail est essentielle pour le bien-être des individus et la prévention des risques psychosociaux. Cet article propose une revue systématique et critique de la littérature afin de clarifier ce concept, présenter les outils de mesure disponibles et dégager des pistes de recherche futures. Cette « umbrella review », revue systématique de revues systématiques, a été menée selon la méthode PRISMA. La recherche documentaire, effectuée le 26 mai 2025 dans APA PsycINFO, PubMed/MEDLINE et Cairn, a permis d’identifier 10 articles répondant aux critères de sélection. La récupération est définie comme un processus visant à atténuer les tensions accumulées au travail, permettant un retour à un état de pré-contrainte. Deux cadres théoriques dominent : le modèle Effort-Récupération et la théorie de la Conservation des Ressources, soulignant le « paradoxe de la récupération » où les individus les plus stressés peinent à récupérer. Deux grandes approches sont distinguées : (1) activités de récupération versus expériences psychologiques (détachement, relaxation, maîtrise, contrôle) ; (2) récupération interne (pauses) versus externe (week-ends, vacances). Une récupération efficace améliore le bien-être, l’engagement, la santé mentale et la performance. Deux échelles principales sont identifiées : le Besoin de Récupération (diagnostic) et les Expériences de Récupération (autoévaluation). L’article propose de distinguer récupération (réduction du stress) et ressourcement (renouvellement proactif des ressources), dans une perspective enrichie par le modèle JD-R (Job Demands–Resources). Les recherches futures devraient approfondir la récupération interne, les déterminants organisationnels, les outils de mesure, et l’étude de populations spécifiques (entrepreneurs, métiers à fort stress). Il est essentiel d’encourager des pratiques organisationnelles favorables à la récupération, avec un rôle central des managers. Une approche intégrée et multiniveau de la récupération est essentielle pour promouvoir le bien-être et prévenir les risques psychosociaux au travail.
Considéré depuis l’Antiquité comme une vertu, le courage oppose sa force à l’adversité. De nombreuses disciplines scientifiques le reconnaissent comme une ressource pertinente pour le monde du travail actuel, lieu de multiples tensions. En psychologie, un nombre important d’écrits existent sur le courage au travail mais leur synthèse n’a pas encore été réalisée. Nous proposons une revue de littérature non exhaustive synthétisant les travaux sur le sujet dans le champ des sciences psychologiques qui questionne le construit de courage au travail. Nous nous référons à 27 écrits, réputés de qualité, de la langue française ou anglaise. La sélection des textes s’inspire de la méthode PRISMA (Page et al., 2021). Après la présentation des voies éthiques et ontologiques du courage au travail en psychologie, les questions suivantes, soulevées par ce panorama, sont discutées : (a) le développement du concept de courage au travail ; (b) l’hétérogénéité des fondements théoriques des études sélectionnées ; (c) l’hétérogénéité des perspectives d’analyse ; (d) la responsabilité d’agir au sein des organisations de travail en lien avec le courage au travail. Nous proposons également des pistes de réflexion sur la possibilité de développer le courage dans les milieux professionnels.
L’environnement de travail est aujourd’hui caractérisé par une augmentation des changements. Dans ce contexte, les organisations doivent investir dans le développement de la résilience de leurs employés pour assurer leur bien-être et leur rétention. Aussi, identifier les antécédents organisationnels de la résilience des travailleurs sur lesquels les employeurs peuvent agir est crucial pour garantir l’adaptation et, par conséquent, la pérennité des organisations. Les pratiques organisationnelles vertueuses pourraient constituer un axe stratégique pour soutenir le développement des ressources psychologiques des employés via une spirale de gains, et notamment leur résilience au travail. L’objectif de la présente étude était d’explorer le rôle médiateur de l’habilitation psychologique dans la relation entre les pratiques organisationnelles vertueuses et la résilience du personnel, et tester la modération de ce modèle médiationnel par le R.I.G.H.T leadership, basé sur le modèle des environnements de travail psychologiquement sains de l’Association Américaine de Psychologie, à l’instar des pratiques organisationnelles vertueuses. Pour tester ces hypothèses, un questionnaire a été distribué à 1 010 salariés français. Une modélisation par équations structurelles de variables latentes modérée et une approche par bootstrap percentile ont révélé que les pratiques organisationnelles vertueuses avaient un effet indirect significatif sur la résilience des travailleurs via l’habilitation psychologique. Les résultats ont également indiqué que le R.I.G.H.T leadership modérait significativement la relation directe entre ces pratiques et l’habilitation psychologique, ainsi que la relation indirecte entre ces pratiques et la résilience des employés au travail, via l’habilitation psychologique. Ces résultats offrent des perspectives pour des applications concrètes dans les organisations, car ils encouragent le développement d’un système organisationnel psychologiquement sain par l’élaboration et la mise en œuvre combinées de pratiques organisationnelles et managériales vertueuses. Les limites, perspectives de recherche et applications pratiques de cette étude sont également discutées.
Considered a virtue since antiquity, courage stands up to adversity. Many scientific disciplines recognize it as a powerful resource in today's tense world of work. In psychology, much has been written about courage at work, but to our knowledge, no such synthesis has yet been proposed. The syntheses carried out to date either present an interdisciplinary vision or focus on a field other than psychology. We propose a non-systematic review of the literature on the subject in the psychological sciences, which questions the construct of courage at work. We refer to 27 publications, both in French and English which are reputed to be of high quality. Text selection is based on the PRISMA method (Page et al., 2021). In the first part of our paper, we present an overview of the research in psychology on courage at work, divided according to their approach to the subject; ethical or ontological. This overview gives rise to four main questions, which we address in the second part of our paper. They are as follows: (a) developing the concept of courage at work, (b) heterogeneity of the theoretical underpinnings of the selected studies, (c) heterogeneous observation perspectives, (d) the question of responsibility to act within work organizations in relation to courage at work. Towards the end of the article, we also suggest how to study manifestations of courage that are specific to workplaces. In our view, we need to adopt an anthropological perspective on work and the ontological path of courage. Acts of courage at work are to be sought out by workers, in their daily work lives and from the point of view of their subjective experience. Finally, we propose some ideas for developing courage in the workplace. It should be stressed that the question of developing courage at work must never be dissociated from the question of improving working conditions, to avoid any attempt to make workers responsible for organizational constraints or malfunctions.
Today's work environment is characterized by an increase in changes at different levels (e.g., economical, technological, health, environmental). In this context, organizations should invest in developing the resilience of their employees to ensure their well-being and retention. Identifying the organizational antecedents of workers' resilience upon which employers may act is also crucial to ensuring adaptation, and therefore sustainability, of organizations. Virtuous organizational practices, that are implemented in professional structures and which aim to promote the well-being and optimal functioning of employees, could constitute a strategic axis to support the development of employees' psychological resources, such as their resilience at work. The aim of the present study was to explore the psychological empowerment mediating role in the relationship between virtuous organizational practices and the staff's resilience. Part of the objective was to test a model of moderated mediation by R.I.G.H.T leadership, which is a leadership style based on the model of psychologically healthy workplaces of the American Psychological Association, such as virtuous organizational practices. To test these hypotheses, we distributed a questionnaire to 1 010 French employees. Latent moderated structural equation modelling and the percentile bootstrap approach revealed that virtuous organi-zational practices had a signi (R) cant indirect effect on worker resilience through psychological empowerment. The results also indicated that R.I.G.H.T leader-ship signi (R) cantly moderated the direct relationship between these practices and psychological empowerment, and the indirect relationship between these practices and employee resilience at work, through psychological empowerment, such that this indirect relationship was stronger when R.I.G.H.T. leadership was high. These results offer prospects for concrete applications for organizations, as they encourage the development of psychologically healthy workplace systems through the elaboration and implementation of virtuous organizational practices combined with the training of managers in R.I.G.H.T leadership. The limita-tions, research perspectives, and practical applications of this study are discussed.
In the foundry sector, deburring consists of removing residual defects from the surface of a part in particular by grinding. This task is associated with the occurrence of musculoskeletal disorders (MSD). In order to prevent MSDs, collaborative robotics solutions are being developed. However, few studies to date have examined the integration of the various dimensions of professional gestures as a key to understanding the use of cobots to prevent MSDs. We propose that one of the challenges of preventing MSDs when using a cobot lies in understanding the professional gesture and designing an environment conducive to its development. In activity-centered ergonomics, the analysis of the professional gesture makes it possible to consider the link between the different dimensions +/- biomechanical, cognitive and psycho-social +/- of the gesture and its performance in the work situation. The purpose of this article is to show how, with a view to preventing Re: soumission manuscritMSDs, the biomechanical, cognitive and psychosocial dimensions of the professional gesture change when a cobot is used. The cobot considered in this study is a restraint-free physical assistance robot operated by the worker during grinding tasks. The methodology is based on semi-directive interviews, observations, interviews at the workstation and individual self-confrontations sessions with 5 operators. This article highlights the value of analyzing professional gestures to understand the effects of cobot use and to identify potential changes in the work environment to support MSD prevention.
Cet article propose un cadre méthodologique pour évaluer la participation des usagers dans les processus de conception architecturale. Il introduit un « outil de mesure de profondeur de participation », pour quantifier et analyser les dynamiques collaboratives et participatives à travers des dimensions telles que la redondance, le parcours des propositions, la diversité des acteurs impliqués, l’implication des usagers et la construction argumentative. Appliquée au projet de rénovation de logements sociaux « Grand’Goule », les résultats indiquent que les propositions marquées par une forte participation tendent à être incluses dans le projet, souvent sans coûts élevés, ce qui souligne la pertinence des contributions des usagers pour des solutions pragmatiques. Cette approche contribue à l’évolution des modèles d’analyse participative et offre des perspectives pour la gouvernance des projets architecturaux et urbains participatifs.
Ce numéro spécial met en lumière la diversité des méthodes d’analyse, de modélisation et de soutien de l’activité de conception collective dans les domaines de l’architecture, de l’ingénierie et de la construction (AEC). L’éditorial commence par rappeler les spécificités de la conception architecturale et de la construction : il ne s’agit pas seulement d’un acte créatif intuitif, mais aussi d’un processus rationnel, communicable et sensible au contexte. Les concepteurs doivent composer avec de multiples contraintes formelles, fonctionnelles, environnementales, techniques et économiques, tout en produisant des artefacts originaux qui dépassent la simple reproduction de modèles existants. La conception en AEC est par essence complexe, collective et continue. Elle mobilise des dimensions cognitives, sémiotiques, sociales et technologiques, et se développe à travers des dialogues itératifs avec le contexte matériel et symbolique, associant rôles d’experts et participation des parties prenantes dans des modes coopératifs et collaboratifs. Loin de se limiter aux phases initiales, la conception traverse l’ensemble du cycle de vie du bâtiment, de l’esquisse à la construction et à la maintenance, renforcée par des approches intégrées telles que le Building Information Modeling (BIM) et la conception-construction, qui réduisent les frontières entre conception et réalisation. L’éditorial propose ensuite un panorama critique des méthodes les plus souvent mobilisées pour étudier cette activité plurielle. Les méthodes rétrospectives (entretiens d’explicitation, autoconfrontation, analyse documentaire) permettent d’accéder aux raisonnements, aux savoirs tacites et à l’expérience des praticiens, tout en reconnaissant certaines limites comme les biais de mémoire ou de rationalisation. Les méthodes concomitantes (observation in situ, observation participante, protocoles de verbalisation à voix haute) donnent à voir les interactions, ajustements et processus cognitifs en temps réel et en contexte. Les méthodes prospectives et expérimentales élargissent l’horizon vers les futurs possibles : modélisation et simulation, ergonomie prospective, et ateliers de co-conception offrent la possibilité d’anticiper de nouveaux scénarios, bien qu’elles posent des défis en termes de validation et de mise en œuvre. Les protocoles de laboratoire (tâches de conception, codage Function-Behaviour-Structure (FBS), comparaisons novices–experts) cherchent un équilibre entre rigueur expérimentale et validité écologique. Enfin, l’instrumentation par capteurs et analyses (oculométrie, capture de mouvement, traces d’activité BIM) enrichit l’observation empirique par des données quantitatives et comportementales, mais soulève aussi des questions techniques, interprétatives et éthiques. Les contributions réunies dans ce numéro illustrent ces pluralités méthodologiques. Elles mettent en évidence les interactions verbales et informationnelles (Rahhal, Ben Rajeb et Leclercq ; Baudoux), valorisent la dimension corporelle et sensori-motrice de la conception (Claeys, Cleven et Roobaert), et explorent les dynamiques participatives impliquant les usagers (Loiseau et Safin). Ensemble, elles confirment qu’aucune méthode isolée ne suffit à rendre compte de la richesse de l’activité de conception. C’est bien par la mise en dialogue des cadres théoriques et des démarches empiriques qu’émerge une compréhension approfondie. En perspective, cet éditorial et les contributions rassemblées réaffirment que la conception architecturale et de construction est profondément technique, symbolique et collaborative, et que sa compréhension approfondie ouvre la voie à des pratiques plus efficaces, inclusives et attentives à celles et ceux qui imaginent, construisent et habitent nos environnements.
This article proposes a methodological framework for evaluating user participation in architectural design processes. By introducing a "participation depth measurement tool," for quantifying and analysing collaborative and participatory dynamics through dimensions such as redundancy, the trajectory of proposals, number of involved actors, user involvement, and argumentative construction. Applied to the "Grand'Goule" social housing renovation project, the findings reveal that proposals characterized by high participation levels tend to be incorporated into the project, often without significant cost increases. This underscores the relevance of user contributions in achieving pragmatic solutions. This approach advances participatory analysis models and offers perspectives for governing participatory architectural and urban projects.
Beginning with the observation that architectural design models deny the existence and importance of sensorimotor intelligence in the decision-making processes of designers during project development, this speculative paper discusses the instrumented body in architectural design and is structured into three parts: (1) Drawing on biology and neuroscience, the permeability of the human epidermal interface and the coupling of the human body and the environment are highlighted, and a processual model of a sensorimotor organism is defined; (2) A reinterpretation of various activity theories, including constructivism, socio-constructivism, cultural-historical activity theory and systemic-structural activity theory brings to light the essential polarities inherent in any work-related action situation; (3) A sensorimotor design model, which can be generalized for other types of activities, is proposed by hybridizing internalist and externalist perspectives. Finally, a conclusive opening defines the designer in a new way, as a sensorimotorized designer.
Building Information Modeling and Management (BIM) coordination meetings play a critical role in facilitating collaboration among diverse stakeholders involved in construction projects. These meetings assemble professionals from multiple disciplines, including architects, engineers, project owners, and contractors, with the objective of addressing project issues, sharing information, and aligning efforts. Given the inherent complexity of construction workflows and the increasing reliance on digital models, effective communication and coordination in these meetings are essential to ensure project success. This paper presents an empirical investigation of verbal interactions occurring during BIM coordination meetings conducted within a controlled experimental framework. A three-phase data collection protocol was employed to capture and analyze stakeholder exchanges. Central to this methodology is a specifically designed observation grid, consisting of four analytical levels and thirteen verbalization categories tailored to the BIM coordination context. The principal aim of the study is to characterize the types of communicative exchanges among participants and to identify key informational elements that contribute to decision-making processes, particularly when the digital model serves as the primary mode of information presentation. Results indicate that the majority of exchanges consist of proposals and arguments, while verification and divergence phases are limited. Instances of counter-argumentation are also infrequent. A notable finding highlights the pivotal role of the BIM coordinator as a facilitator who steers discussions toward convergence and collective decision-making. The coordinator's technical proficiency in BIM software, comprehensive knowledge of the project, and capacity to structure dialogue are instrumental in resolving conflicts and ensuring meeting efficiency. Furthermore, the project manager (MOE) assumes a critical function at decisive moments, guiding and validating decisions based on a deep understanding of the project's technical specifications. Useful information emerges gradually over successive verbalizations, often requiring iterative contributions before reaching resolution. Such information primarily concerns digital modeling and the collaborative organization of work, impacting both short-term meeting outcomes and the long-term coordination process. Although the experimental design involving student participants restricts the generalizability of the findings, the study offers valuable insights into the fine-grained mechanisms of solution co-construction during BIM coordination meetings. The paper concludes with recommendations to enhance coordination practices and improve BIM coordinator training, emphasizing mastery of tools, constructive communication, and systematic follow-up of decisions.
This paper summarizes a research project on collaborative architectural design aimed at understanding how the information characterizing the project evolves, and through which mediating objects this evolution takes place. Design activity in architecture has been extensively studied through various prisms. The originality of our approach lies in a paradigm shift that places information at the heart of our questioning. In this paper, we address the issue of information traceability throughout the design process, as well as the visualization of this evolution of information in the activity. We set up an experiment built to analyze an integrated design process of 13 weeks through 110 hours of exchanges and evaluation of information. The originality of this observation protocol lies in its ability to characterize design activities of different natures and temporalities in real time. We then propose new formalisms for visualizing this data. Our main observations reveal very rapid fluctuations and inconsistencies in the level of abstraction of successive information, recurrent or deviated uses of certain media. We also highlighted some typical design activities characterizing the project, recurrent associations of information and finally the importance of graphical traces as a support of this characterization.
This special issue focuses on the rich diversity of methods for analyzing, modeling, and supporting collective design activity in the architecture, engineering, and construction (AEC) domains. The editorial begins by outlining the unique characteristics of architectural and construction design: it is not only an intuitive creative act but also a rational, communicable, and context-sensitive process. Designers navigate multiple formal, functional, environmental, technical, and economic constraints while crafting original artifacts that transcend mere replication of existing models. Design in AEC is inherently complex, collective, and continuous. It engages a multitude of dimensions, including cognitive, semiotic, social, and technological, and develops through iterative dialogues with the material and symbolic context, combining expert roles and stakeholder participation in cooperative and collaborative modes. Far from being confined to preliminary phases, design stretches across the entire building lifecycle, from schematic design to construction and maintenance, reinforced by integrated approaches such as Building Information Modeling (BIM) and design-build strategies that blur the boundaries between conception and realization. The editorial presents a critical overview of methodological approaches deployed to study this multifaceted activity. Retrospective methods such as explicitation interviews, autoconfrontation, and document analysis provide insights into practitioners' decision-making, tacit knowledge, and experiential reasoning, while acknowledging limitations such as memory bias and rationalization. Concomitant methods, including in-situ observation, participant observation, and think-aloud protocols, illuminate real-time interactions, adjustments, and cognitive processes in context. Prospective and experimental methods extend the horizon toward anticipated futures. Modeling and simulation, prospective ergonomics, and co-design workshops enable stakeholders to explore and anticipate novel scenarios, though they face validation and implementation challenges. Laboratory protocols, such as design problem tasks, Function-Behaviour-Structure (FBS) coding, or novice-expert comparisons, strike a balance between controlled analysis and ecological validity. Instrumentation through sensors and analytics, including eye-tracking, motion capture, or BIM activity logs, enriches the empirical landscape with quantitative and behavioural insights, although this raises technical, interpretative, and ethical concerns. This issue's contributions exemplify these methodological pluralities. They highlight verbal and informational interactions (Rahhal, Ben Rajeb, and Leclercq; Baudoux), foreground the corporeality and sensorimotor dimensions of design (Claeys, Cleven, and Roobaert), and explore participatory dynamics involving users (Loiseau and Safin). Collectively, they affirm that no single method suffices to capture the layered nature of design activity. Instead, deeper understanding emerges through the orchestration of theoretical frameworks and empirical strategies. Looking ahead, the present editorial and the contributions assembled here reaffirm that architectural and construction design is deeply technical, symbolic, and collaborative, and that its fuller comprehension fosters practices that are more effective, inclusive, and responsive to those who imagine, build, and inhabit our environments.
Previous research has widely explored the relationship between organizational commitment and career commitment. However, this research has essentially focused on affective organizational commitment. The present study extends this work by examining how organizational commitment as viewed through the lens of the three-component model (Meyer & Allen, 1991) predicts career commitment. Career commitment is defined as the extent to which individuals are motivated to work toward their advancement within a chosen line of activities (Ellemers et al., 1998; Hall, 1971). We theorized that affective commitment as an emotional bond with the organization and one of the two subdimensions of continuance commitment, perceived lack of alternatives, reflecting the perception that employment opportunities would be scarce if I were to leave, would foster career commitment. Moreover, we explored whether organizational commitment components interacted with horizontal and vertical individualism, as values reflecting motivation for independence and power, respectively, in predicting career commitment. Using a sample of employees from multiple organizations (N = 150) and a time-lagged design, we investigated the relationships of organizational commitment (i.e., affective, normative, perceived sacrifice, and lack of alternatives) and horizontal and vertical individualism to career commitment measured six months later. Time 1 affective commitment, continuance commitment's lack of alternatives dimension, and vertical individualism were associated with stronger career commitment at Time 2. In contrast, Time 1 normative commitment, reflecting a sense of perceived obligation toward the organization, and the perceived sacrifice subcomponent of continuance commitment, referring to the perceived loss of advantages in case of departure, were unrelated to career commitment at Time 2. Moreover, Time 1 horizontal individualism interacted with normative commitment to predict career commitment at Time 2 such that normative commitment was more strongly and negatively related to subsequent career commitment at lower levels of horizontal individualism. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of the linkages between multiple components of organizational commitment and career commitment and the role of individualistic values.
Care management systems are implemented in nursing homes to enhance traceability, communication, and coordination for care workers. These systems, available on computers and increasingly on digital tablets, can be utilized according to two temporalities: "in real-time," at the point-of-care just before or after administering treatment, and "delayed,"following a set of treatments. There is a need to understand the real-world usage of care management systems and their effects on care workers, considering these two temporalities. The objectives of this qualitative study are: (1) to explore how caregivers and nurses in nursing homes utilize care management systems over time (2) to analyze how each temporality affects perceived work intensity, autonomy, meaning, and collective work; and (3) to identify the strategies employed by care workers to manage these temporalities. The results indicate that four caregivers and one nurse consistently delayed the use of the care management software throughout their shifts, while six caregivers and three nurses combined both "real-time" and "delayed" use. During "real-time" use, workers reported a feeling of reduced cognitive load and greater autonomy. However, they also faced time pressure, interruptions in nursing activities, and increased complexity from frequent software use on digital tablets. Delayed use was associated with less time pressure and the possibility of collective use, but it required more memorization and reduced autonomy due to limited computer availability. The ability to choose between temporalities enables care workers to navigate the temporal, material, and organizational challenges encountered during care activities. They seek to maximize the benefits of each temporality while minimizing the negative effects on work intensity, autonomy, meaning, and collective work. The discussion addresses opportunities and strategies to enhance the material, temporal, and organizational conditions that support each temporality of care management software use. In particular, "real-time" use may demand additional home stakeholders.
