Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a non-melanoma skin cancer that shares features of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) and exhibits higher rates of recurrence and metastasis than conventional BCC. Clinically, it cannot be reliably distinguished from BCC; however, dermoscopy and reflectance confocal microscopy may assist in diagnosis, revealing both basaloid and squamous characteristics. Histopathology, complemented by immunohistochemical techniques, remains the gold standard. To date, no consensus exists regarding optimal management, and prospective studies are needed to better characterize the biology, treatment, and prognosis of this tumor. Wide local excision and Mohs micrographic surgery are the most widely used therapeutic approaches. Sentinel lymph node biopsy, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are supported only by limited evidence; however, radiotherapy may play a palliative role when surgery is not feasible. Novel therapies under investigation include Sonic Hedgehog pathway inhibitors and anti–PD-1 immune checkpoint inhibitors; case reports have demonstrated encouraging results, supporting their potential as alternatives for unresectable, locally advanced, or metastatic BSC. Overall, current evidence positions BSC as molecularly closer to BCC, while its clinical behavior warrants management as high-risk BCC with cSCC-like vigilance.
The association between psychiatric disorders and dermatological conditions is well recognized; however, it remains underexplored in individuals with severe mental illness. This study aims to determine the prevalence and types of dermatological manifestations, help-seeking behavior, and their relationship with clinical characteristics among psychiatric inpatients. This cross-sectional study included 128 patients hospitalized in general psychiatry wards at a tertiary psychiatric center. Comprehensive dermatological examination and psychiatric assessment were conducted. Psychiatric and dermatological diagnoses were made according to DSM-5-TR and ICD-10 criteria, respectively. Among 128 participants, 66 (51.6
Recent evidence in psoriasis suggests that alterations in cutaneous nerve fibers may play a crucial role in its pathogenesis, yet specific changes in intraepidermal nerve fiber (IENF) require further understanding. The purpose was to quantify IENF density (IENFD) in psoriatic lesions and non-lesional skin to investigate its relationship with disease severity and pruritus. Histopathologically confirmed psoriasis patients were retrospectively analyzed. IENFD was measured using immunofluorescence staining of paraffin-embedded skin samples. The results presented a significant reduction in IENFD in psoriatic lesions compared to non-lesional skin (p < 0.01). However, no significant correlation was observed between IENFD and disease or itch severity. These findings align with a few studies reporting reduced IENFD in psoriatic skin and suggest potential neural involvement in psoriasis. The study also highlights the utility of paraffin-embedded tissue for IENF analysis often processed by cryosectioning, expanding its applicability for future research.
Educational materials in dermatology underrepresent skin of colour (SOC), despite well-recognized differences in disease presentation and surgical outcomes. We evaluated SOC representation in widely adopted dermatologic surgery textbooks, focusing on images across Fitzpatrick skin types (FST). Two independent reviewers analyzed 3,334 figures from seven textbooks, classifying FST and recording diagnoses, procedures, and pigmentation findings. Only 8.7
The comparative efficacy and safety of small molecule drugs versus adalimumab and its biosimilars in plaque psoriasis remain insufficiently characterized. This systematic review and network meta-analysis, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, synthesized evidence from PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase, including 32 studies with a total of 14,622 patients across 30 treatment regimens. A Bayesian random-effects network meta-analysis was conducted using the GeMTC package in R to evaluate primary outcomes (PASI-75 and PGA 0/1) and secondary outcomes (PASI-90, PASI-100, and DLQI 0/1). Safety was assessed by adverse event incidence and treatment discontinuation rates. Results showed that HLX03 had the highest probability of achieving PASI-75 (86.6
Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory facial dermatosis that disproportionately affects women and may fluctuate during periods of hormonal transition. Fluctuations in estrogen levels across the female lifespan have been hypothesized to contribute to the development of inflammatory, pigmentary, and androgen-mediated dermatologic conditions. However, population-level data evaluating the association between estrogen exposure and incident rosacea across hormonally defined life stages remain limited. This study aimed to evaluate whether exogenous estrogen exposure is associated with differences in incident rosacea risk across premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the TriNetX Research Network. Female patients were stratified into premenopausal (18–43 years), perimenopausal (45–55 years), and postmenopausal (≥ 56 years) cohorts. Within each age stratum, estrogen-exposed patients, defined by documented estrogen-containing hormonal contraceptive use or hormone replacement therapy use, were propensity score-matched 1:1 to estrogen-unexposed controls. The primary outcome was incident rosacea (ICD-10 L71.x) within three years following the index event. Secondary outcomes included other/unspecified rosacea [L71.8, L71.9], perioral dermatitis [L71.0], and rhinophyma [L71.1]. Perioral dermatitis was included because of its recognized clinical and diagnostic overlap with rosacea. Time-to-event analyses were performed using Kaplan–Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards models. After matching, cohorts included 742,051 premenopausal, 54,248 perimenopausal, and 378,572 postmenopausal women per exposure group. Across all age groups, estrogen exposure was associated with a significantly lower recorded incidence of rosacea. Hazard ratios (HR) were 0.75 (95
To investigate the correlation between clinical sub-types of melasma and fecal gut microbiota, providing a theoretical basis for personalized treatment and novel microbial-based therapies for melasma. A total of 120 melasma patients were enrolled. Reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) was used to classify lesions into epidermal- type (ET) and mixed-type (MT) based on melanin distribution. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 11 epidermal-type and 9 mixed-type patients were finally included. Fecal samples were collected, and 16 S rRNA sequencing was performed to analyze the composition and differences in gut microbiota between the two groups. Gut microbiota analysis revealed 535 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) clustered at 97
Skin diseases have become an increasing public health concern in China due to environmental changes and population aging. However, systematic data on clinical practices and challenges encountered by dermatologists remain limited. This study conducted a survey among Chinese dermatologists to investigate common skin diseases encountered in outpatient settings, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches, resource distribution, and clinical challenges. A cross-sectional survey was conducted utilizing a convenience sampling approach among dermatologists attending a national conference in 2024. From 1,104 valid responses, atopic dermatitis (AD) was predominant in infants (93.7
Sebaceous carcinoma (SC) is a rare, aggressive skin cancer with poorly defined long-term risk of subsequent melanoma and non-epithelial skin cancers (NESC). We aimed to quantify extended risk of melanoma and NESC following primary SC using national data, building upon similar studies for Merkel Cell Carcinoma patients. Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data from 17 registries (2000–2021) were analyzed for melanoma and NESC diagnosed ≥ 2 months after SC. NESC included adnexal tumors, Kaposi sarcoma, and dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans. Observed-to-expected (O: E) ratios with 95
Isotretinoin is used for acne treatment and is strictly contraindicated during pregnancy due to its established teratogenic risks. However, the specific details of its reproductive toxicity in both sexes and the spectrum of congenital malformations in neonates remain poorly defined. This study aimed to analyze real-world signals of pregnancy and neonatal adverse events (AEs) associated with isotretinoin exposure in males and females using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. Raw adverse event reports spanning from Q1 2004 to Q4 2025 were extracted from the FAERS database. Reports listing isotretinoin as the primary suspected drug were identified. Adverse drug reactions within these reports were classified using corresponding Preferred Terms (PTs) and System Organ Classes (SOCs) from the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA). Signals for isotretinoin-associated AEs were calculated using three signal detection methods: the Reporting Odds Ratio (ROR), Proportional Reporting Ratio (PRR), and Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network (BCPNN). Thalidomide was utilized as a negative control to provide contextual assessment of pharmacovigilance signal detection, and Bonferroni correction was applied to minimize Type I errors. Positive signals for pregnancy and neonatal AEs associated wir paternal eth isotretinoin exposure were identified in both sexes. Female patients exhibited a broader spectrum and higher signal strength for neonatal AEs compared to males. High-confidence signals retained after Bonferroni correction included spontaneous abortion, ectopic pregnancy, cleft palate, and anal atresia, etc. Analysis of the male cohort confirmed 11 high-confidence signals. Notably, unique signals were identified for hypothermia neonatal and premature labor, alongside congenital anomalies such as spina bifida and congenital central nervous system malformations, etc. Both sexes shared significant positive signals for Dandy-Walker syndrome, anotia, ear malformation, and cerebellar hypoplasia. Sex-stratified pharmacovigilance analysis of FAERS data identified distinct reporting patterns of pregnancy and neonatal adverse events associated with isotretinoin exposure. Female-associated reports demonstrated stronger and broader signals, consistent with established maternal teratogenic effects. Signals observed among male-associated reports warrant further investigation in studies with validated exposure-outcome linkage, but should not be interpreted as definitive evidence of paternal teratogenic risk. Continued pharmacovigilance and epidemiological studies are needed tofurther characterize isotretinoin-associated reproductive safety profiles.
To determine whether xanthelasma palpebrarum or arcus senilis are independent risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Design: The TriNetX database was queried to assess the relationship between XP, AS, and various markers of cardiovascular disease. Participants: ICD-10 codes were used to select patients who had XP or AS, as well as matched controls. Methods: Primary outcomes were diagnosis of MI, ischemic stroke, CHF, AFib, PAD, CVD, and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) at 1, 5, and 10 years. Subgroup analysis was performed on males and females, as well as on black, indigenous, and people of color (BIPOC) and white patients. Results: Both males (RR 1.178, 95
