Rice is the primary staple meal in many parts of the world. Therefore, both consumers and producers must pay close attention to the physical and cooking characteristics of grains. The present study was conducted to evaluate the physical and cooking quality characters in twenty popular Bangladeshi boro rice genotypes along with one japonica rice genotype. A high degree of significant variation was observed for all the characters studied. Genotypes BRRI dhan55, BR16, BRRI dhan57, BINA dhan-6 and BINA dhan-14 has the maximum length of grain before cooking (L1). BRRI dhan36, BRRI dhan57, BRRI dhan55 and BINA dhan-6 were the best performer in terms of grain length after cooking (L2). BRRI dhan57 and BRRI hybrid dhan1 were best for width of grain before cooking (W1). BRRI dhan57, BRRI dhan29 and BRRI dhan36 were exhibited minimum width of grain after cooking (W2). Yukihikari, BRRI hybrid dhan3 and BRRI dhan36 were best for grain elongation ratio. Highest grain length/width ratio before cooking (L1/W1) was observed in genotype BRRI dhan57, BRRI hybrid dhan1 and BINA dhan-14. The highest grain length/width ratio after cooking (L2/W2) was recorded in genotype BRRI dhan57 and BRRI dhan36. Best genotype for percent water uptake (WU %) after cooking was BRRI dhan28 (180%). The best genotypes for solid in cooking water (SCW) were BRRI dhan36 (0.897%), BRRI dhan28 (0.956%), Yukihikari (1.043%) and BRRI dhan29 (1.048%), respectively. The prominent performer genotypes for CT were BRRI dhan58 (18.38 minutes) followed by BR 14 (19.12 minutes), BRRI dhan28 (20.00 minutes) and BRRI dhan57 (19.82 minutes). Best genotypes for amylase content (AC) BRRI dhan28 (24.93%), BRRI dhan55 (24.91%), BRRI dhan59 (24.90%). Most of the rice genotypes had found low cooking time (GT) except BRRI dhan57, BRRI dhan59, Yukihikari which shows intermediate gelatinization temperature (GT). The comparative information about physical and cooking qualities of rice might be used as reference to develop high grain quality rice cultivars in future. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024: 35-45
Vegetables are heavily sprayed and prone to retaining residues. The Department of Agriculture Extension (DAE), Bangladesh has set up some projects to disseminate technologies among the farmers to reduce pesticide residues. Farmers are motivated to produce pesticide-free vegetables using vermin compost and other organic fertilizers. The study investigates consumers’ awareness and perceptions of pesticide residues in vegetables. A survey was conducted at the local market in Mymensingh, Gazipur, and Dhaka city. In total. 200 sample respondents were collected. Data were analyzed using descriptive methods. There was a substantial heterogeneity in preferences across consumers. The consumers were aware of the health risks associated with vegetables produced using pesticides and chemical fertilizers. More than 60 percent of respondents thought that vegetables are usually contaminated at the farm or production level using excessive pesticides. Most of the consumers knew the effects of pesticide-borne health risks and suggested to ban some pesticides and monitoring the use of others. Consumers considered pesticide residue-free vegetables as being safer, healthy, no harmful effects, better taste, more nutritive value, and good for the environment, and would like to pay a premium for those products. Media particularly television and newspapers can play an important role in creating awareness about food safety among the producers and consumers. Government programmes on food safety should be channeled through television and newspapers where the majority of the people get their information. Policy measures should include creating awareness concerning the relevance of production, and consumption through effective marketing strategies and educational awareness. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024: 25-33
Blood is an important tool for accurate diagnosis of disease, forensic investigation, and hematological analysis. However this phenomenon can be thwarted occasionally if appropriate anticoagulant with storage times is not maintained properly. This research aims to compare and explore the effect of anticoagulants (such as ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid and heparin) and storage time on the hematological parameters in indigenous goats. Twenty goats were enrolled and raised for this purpose. Bloods were collected into two different tubes containing EDTA and heparin and analyzed immediately to evaluate the basal value. All tubes were divided into two aliquots and stored at 4°C and 25°C and were analyzed again at the 24th and 48th hours of collection. The statistical analysis of this result showed that there was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the anticoagulant’s effect on the hematological parameters. RBC, Hb, PCV, MCV, MCH, MCHC, total WBC, and Platelets except ESR decreased gradually along with the storage time of up to 48 hours compared to the basal value. The hematological parameters were reduced more significantly (P<0.05) when stored at 250C rather than 4°C indicating that the parameters remain in better condition in refrigeration. The samples should be stored at 4°C rather than room temperature and be used within 24 hours because the storage time modify the analyzed results. These findings demonstrate that both of the anticoagulants (EDTA and Heparin) show reliable results, therefore it can be used to store blood samples for any diagnostic purpose. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024: 1-10
The commercial viability of mushrooms in Bangladesh faces a challenge due to the mushrooms' short shelf life, arising from their high respiration rates, elevated moisture content, and the absence of a protective cuticular structure. To solve this problem, different ways of enhancing the packaging conditions have been explored. Our research focuses on the use of the inert gas, nitrogen, to extend the shelf life of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushrooms). Nitrogen, being an inert gas, is assumed to ensure the preservation of the quality of fresh mushrooms. In our study, freshly harvested mushrooms were carefully packaged in polypropylene (PP) bags both with and without nitrogen gas. Which were then stored both at room temperature and in the refrigerator. Throughout the storage period, the changes in seven quality parameters - total soluble sugar (TSS), browning index (BI), weight loss, pH, moisture content, odor, and texture were assessed at two-day intervals. The results revealed no significant changes in TSS or pH levels compared to the controls. Notably, mushrooms stored in PP bags having nitrogen and stored in the refrigerator exhibited improved quality over eight days, showing better results in BI, moisture content, and texture. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024: 53-60
The excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture poses threats to ecosystems and human health. To mitigate these risks, researchers have turned their attention to pesticide-free production methods. This study aimed to assess the market opportunities for pesticide-free vegetables (PFVs) through determining consumers’ preferences and willingness to pay (WTP), along with identifying factors influencing consumers' WTP decision in three major cities of the country, namely Dhaka, Khulna, and Mymensingh. Employing a multistage cluster sampling method, 150 samples were selected and data collection utilized the android-based app Kobo through direct interviews. The contingent valuation method (CVM) and double-bounded dichotomous choice model (DBDC) were used to estimate WTP and preferences while ordered logit model were employed to identify influencing factors. The findings indicated that over 90% of consumers in Mymensingh and over 92% in Dhaka and Khulna were willing to pay a premium for pesticide-free tomatoes and brinjal. Additionally, more than 18% and 19% of consumers expressed willingness to pay a 20% premium for brinjal and tomato, while over 39% were willing to pay for both a 10% premium. The study revealed that factors such as age, sex, education, household size, and income significantly influenced consumers’ WTP decisions, with age showing a negative correlation, while education and income were positively associated with interest in consuming pesticide-free vegetables. Overall, the study underscores the increasing demand for pesticide-free vegetables in urban areas, emphasizing the need for governments and stakeholders to develop supportive policies for sustainable market development. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024: 69-77
Blood collection from small animals is difficult due to the increased risk of problems involved in getting a blood sample. The purpose of this paper was to analyze skill training using a simulator in the venipuncture method and investigate its impact. Twenty Intern Veterinary students were randomly chosen from Sylhet Agricultural University's 23-batch DVM program. They were separated into two groups. One group (n=10) was exposed to a simulator before practicing on a live animal, while another (n=10) was not exposed to the simulator. They worked with a live animal. Students in the experimental group demonstrated a 50% skill efficacy. The control group demonstrated inferior skill, with 25% efficacy. The difference between groups was statistically significant (p<0.05). The experiment was carried out using a simple methodology and easily accessible resources to benefit other educational institutions and lessen the negative impact on live animals. Understanding the anatomy, physiology, and behavior of the species from whom the sample is being collected is critical for minimizing the risk of injury associated with venipuncture in these species. A physician must be aware of the benefits and drawbacks of venipuncture, the volume of blood that can be safely obtained, and the patient's preferred manner of getting the sample. Simulated skill training is a teaching strategy that aims to provide students with early education, enhance their confidence and skill development, and maximize process success while minimizing obstacles. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024: 19-23
Astragalus membranaceus is a widely used Chinese medicine. To investigate the effect of Astragalus residue as a feed additive on growth performance, immune performance, and antioxidant capacity of growth finishing pigs, the daily gain, daily feed intake, immune performance, and antioxidant capacity of the experimental group and control group were measured. The results showed that the growth performance, immune performance, and antioxidant capacity of fattening pigs were improved by Astragalus residue, which indicated that Astragalus residue, as a feed additive, was safe and harmless, not only played a pharmacological role but also realized the recycling of resources, which was worthy of further study and popularization. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 1, April 2024: 11-17
The experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh from November 2021 to April 2022 to assess the effect of sulphur fertilization and weed management on yield performance of faba bean. The experiment consisted of three levels of sulphur viz. 0, 20 and 40 kg S ha-1 and four levels of weed management practices viz. control (weedy check), weed-free up to 30 days after sowing (DAS), weed-free up to 60 DAS, weed-free throughout the growth period. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest number of branches plant-1 (11.63), pods plant-1 (70.68), seeds pod-1 (5.50), 1000-seed weight (267.9 g), seed yield (2.72 t ha-1), and stover yield (2.93 t ha-1) were recorded with 40 kg ha-1. In the case of weed management, the highest number of branches plant-1 (10.16), pods plant-1 (66.03), seeds pod-1 (6.0), 1000-seed weight (266.7 g), seed yield (2.43 t ha-1), stover yield (2.85 t ha-1) and harvest index (45.80%) was found at weed free throughout the growth period. Whereas the lowest values of all parameters were found minimum in weedy check. In interaction, the highest number of branches plant-1 (13.0), pods plant-1 (78.69), seeds pod-1 (7.0), 1000-seed weight (269.5 g), seed yield (2.87 t ha-1), stover yield (2.98 t ha-1) and harvest index (49.37%) were found in 40 kg ha-1 S with weed-free throughout the growth period. Whereas the lowest parameters were found minimum in control. Therefore, application 40 kg ha-1 S along with weed-free conditions throughout the growth period appears as the suitable combination for faba bean cultivation. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. 10(1): 33-42.
This study aimed at assessing the growth and mortality parameters of the Prionace gluaca and Sphyrna lewini shark species from the coast of Ghana. Data was taken for nine (9) months from April 2021 to December 2021. The length data taken from the shark species was analyzed for the estimation of population parameters using the FiSAT II tool. From the results, the estimated asymptotic length (L∞) and the growth rate (K) of P. glauca and S. lewini were 396.4 cm and 0.27 yr–1 and 349.1 cm and 0.24 yr–1 respectively, indicating that these species exhibited slow growing characteristics, evinced by a longevity of approximately 11 – 12 years. The length at first capture (Lc50) for P. gluaca was 128.6 cm and that for S. lewini was 169.0 cm. The length at first maturity (Lm50) for P. gluaca and S. lewini was 179.74 cm and 160.4 cm respectively. By comparing the Lc50 and Lm50, it implies that individuals of P. gluaca were vulnerable to fishing gears before having the chance to mature and even spawn once. The total mortality (Z), natural mortality (M), fishing mortality (F) and the exploitation rates for P. glauca and S. lewini were 0.82 yr–1 , 0.22 yr–1 , 0.60 yr–1 and 0.73 and 0.76 yr–1, 0.21 yr–1, 0.55 yr–1 and 0.72, respectively. This suggests that fishing activities are the main cause of decline in the abundance of these shark species. The exploitation rate (E > 0.5) revealed that these species are overexploited in Ghana’s marine waters. Based on these findings, it is recommended that fishing effort be reduced through appropriate measures by relevant authorities. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 353-365
The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of traditional Bengal culinary practice on the heavy metal content of four carp species (Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus cirrhosus, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix). Fish samples were collected from seven different farms located in the Rajshahi district of Bangladesh. The collected samples were processed and cooked in a traditional currying method and concentrations of five heavy metals (Pb, Co, Cr, Cd, and Ni) were assessed in raw and cooked fish using a flame atomic spectrophotometer. Heavy metal concentrations were significantly reduced in the cooked samples with a few exceptions. The metal pollution index (MPI) indicated that the most amount of heavy metals was lost in C. cirrhosus followed by H. molitrix, L rohita, and C. catla. Pb was the most abundant and consumed of the tested heavy metals in the cooked fish followed by Co, Ni, Cd, and Cr respectively. Health risk index (HRI) and target hazard quotient (THQ) revealed that individual heavy metal intake from cooked fish does not pose any threat to human health. However, the hazard index (HI) of the accumulated heavy metals in the cooked fish suggested that the long-term effect of consuming heavy metal contaminated fish could collectively lead to possible non-carcinogenic health complexities. Additionally, HI also implied that the highest degree of health risk is associated with the consumption of H. molitrix and the least with L. rohita. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 367-376
The study investigated the optimum dose of 17 α-methyltestosterone (17α–MT) for maximum sex reversal and growth performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Using a completely randomized design, three treatments (Control, T-1, T-2, and T-3) in triplicates were set up. The control group diet was devoid of 17α–MT. The remaining three groups, T-1, T-2, and T-3, were fed feed that contained 30, 60, and 100 mg kg-1 of 17α–MT, respectively. Fry of three days old were stocked at a rate of 100 per tank. They were fed with experimental diet for 28 days. After the hormone treatment and 90 days of rearing the highest survival rate was found in the control group. Gonadal squashing of O. niloticus showed different sex ratios for different treatments. The control group showed a normal sex ratio of 48.33% males and 51.67% females. The experimental group T-3 showed the highest percentage of males (98.33%) followed by T-2 (93.33%) and T-1 (76.66%). After 90 days of rearing, although the study found the highest mean length (82.12±1.5 mm), weight (26.74±0.08 g) and SGR (9.17±0.05%) in the treatment T2, these growth performance parameters did not differ significantly with the result of treatment T3. The Nile tilapia's sex ratio has been found to be more affected by a higher dose, or 100 mg 17α–MT kg-1 of feed. With the increase of hormone inclusion level, sex reversal percentage increases. Higher doses of 17α–MT have also a positive impact on Nile tilapia growth performance. Growth increases with the increasing 17α–MT level up to 60 mg in the diet of O. niloticus. Based on the study, the recommended dose for producing maximum mono-sex male tilapia in commercial hatcheries may be 100 mg 17α–MT kg-1 feed. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 377-384
In Bangladesh beetroot is getting attention in recent years due to its high food value and potential industrial use. The present study was conducted to assess the food value in terms of biochemical and mineral nutritional constituents of four exotic beetroot varieties (viz. Chioggia, Detroit Dark Red, Early Wonder Tall Top, and Red Ace) of Bangladesh. The pH, brix and dry matter (DM%) levels of the four beetroot varieties ranges between 5.52 to 6.51, 8.9 to 10.5, and 8.8 to 11.0%, respectively; and Detroit Dark Red had the highest DM%. the protein, fibre, ash, and total sugar contents were also significantly varied in the four varieties and the values ranged between 10.80-12.50, 5.10-6.20, 7.65-8.86, 2.62-6.06%DM, respectively. The vitamin C was found highest in Chioggia (6.20 mg/100g). Among the micro and macronutrient elements tested, all parameters were significantly varied and Detroit Dark Red contained the highest amount of N (1904 mg 100 g−1 DM), Fe (53 mg 100 g−1 DM), Zn (26 mg 100 g−1 DM) and Mn (17 mg 100 g−1 DM); while Chioggia contained the highest amount of K (3331 mg 100 g−1 DM), Ca (151 mg 100 g−1 DM) and B (21 mg 100 g−1 DM). Total anthocyanin and total phenolic contents also varied among the varieties and the highest values were observed in Chioggia and Early Wonder Tall Top, respectively. Based on the observed parameters, Chioggia and Detroit Dark Red seemed to be the better performers among the four beetroot cultivars. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 279-287
Gastrointestinal parasitism and anthelmintic efficacy are of global concern for livestock and public health. An investigation on cattle gastrointestinal parasites and anthelmintic efficacy was conducted at Fulbaria Upazila, Mymensingh in 2017. Out of 100 fecal samples examined using simple sedimentation method, 70% cattle were found positive for parasites. The identified parasites were Paramphistomum spp. (27%), Fasciola gigantica (15%), Schistosoma spp. (10%), Haemonchus spp. (14 %) and Balantidium coli (12%). No significant variation was found in the prevalence rate between young (<2 years) and adult cattle (≥ 2 years). Significantly higher infection rate was recorded in male (81.63%) and in poor body conditioned animals (95.83%). For anthelmintic efficacy, feces from 50 animals were screened for eggs per gram (EPG) using McMaster technique. Twenty four cattle (>200 EPG) were allotted equally into three groups and further treated with either albendazole or ivermectin or kept as untreated control. EPG were again estimated for those animals at 14 days post-treatment. Status of anthelmintic efficacy was determined by using the fecal egg count reduction percentage (FECR %) test. The FECR % for albendazole and ivermectin were 98.76% and 95.01%, respectively. Results from this study indicated high parasitism in the study area and relatively higher efficacy of albendazole compared to ivermectin. Further studies are necessary to rule out the possibilities of anthelmintic resistance to parasites in cattle throughout the country as early as possible with a view to increase farmer awareness and to develop effective control strategies against endoparasites. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 289-297
The present study was undertaken to assess the farmers’ knowledge and awareness of milkborne zoonoses in Bhaghabarighat Milk Shed Areas of Bangladesh. A cross-sectional study was carried out in randomly selected 270 dairy farmers in Pabna and Sirajgonj district. A pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents regarding different aspects of milk-borne zoonosis. Data were collected from farmers, with inclusion criteria of having at least 2 cows with farming experience of more than 6 months. The study showed that almost 80% of the farmers were unable to name any milk-borne zoonotic disease, whereas rest of the farmers had a little bit knowledge about milk-borne zoonoses those were relatively educated and experienced farmers. About 23% of the farmers had no knowledge of the fact that raw milk can be a potential source of disease transmission. The majority of the respondents (99%) did not receive any formal training about zoonotic diseases. Among the respondents’ awareness levels of milkborne zoonoses were 4.5%, 9.2%, 17.4%, 54.84% and 82.1% for brucellosis, anthrax, tuberculosis, mastitis and diarrhea, respectively. The behavioral practices of dairy farmers observed to increase the risk of milk-borne zoonoses transmission were: consumption of raw milk (13%), lack of cooling system (100%), no milk routine testing, and none farmers’ did medical check-up. 87% of the respondents preferred to use boiled milk. The farmers’ overall knowledge about milk-borne zoonoses was inadequate. In conclusion, awareness and training programs about milking hygiene and handling can improve disease control and reduce the public health risk of milk-borne zoonoses. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 307-312
The objectives of this study were to determine carbohydrates such as glucose, total protein, lipid parameters, mineral levels in blood; qualitative characteristics such as fat, SNF, lactose, total solids and protein percentages of milk; and the quantity of milk after feeding german and maize fodders. Thirty clinically and apparently healthy cows were selected and divided into three homogenous groups. Control group was fed mixed grass, another group was fed german grass and the last one was fed maize grass. Milk and blood samples were collected from the cows (n-30) before the study commenced. Again milk and blood samples were collected on day 30 and day 60. After collection, milk samples were analyzed by Milk Analyzer MIA-SLP-60 for proximate components. Serum samples were analyzed by different colorimetric techniques using a spectrophotometer (Humalyzer 3000®) and kits from Randox (Ireland). In addition, daily milk production records of cows were maintained. The study found a significant rise of SNF and solids, a highly significant increase of lactose and protein in the maize feed group (M), and a highly significant positive change of fat percentage in the german fed (G) group. The average daily milk production of the M and G group were respectively 11.39% and 6.98% higher than the control group. No significant change was found in hematological and biochemical parameters of blood. Further intensive long term investigation to establish relation between blood parameters and milk yield and milk quality should be carried out. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 313-322
Nowadays, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) are playing important role in communicating agricultural information. In this connection, the government of Bangladesh established a number of Agricultural Information and Communication Centers (AICC) at the Union level to disseminate agricultural information. The purposes of the study were to determine the effectiveness of AICC for disseminating agricultural information and to explore the contribution of the selected characteristics of the AICC member farmers to the effectiveness of AICC. Data were collected from 90 randomly selected farmers of nine Upazillas of Faridpur district under Dhaka division. Face-to-face interview followed by pretested structured questionnaire was held with the selected farmers to gather data. The survey revealed that an overwhelming majority (80%) of the farmers perceived medium effectiveness of AICC, while 7.8% of them perceived low and 12.2% of them perceived high effectiveness of AICC for disseminating agricultural information. The effectiveness of AICC was influenced by the intensity of use of ICT, length of experience to use ICT and ICT using confidence. Therefore, responsible organizations such as Agriculture Information Service (AIS) with the help of the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) and other advisory service-providing organizations should take action to enhance the effectiveness of AICC. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 259-265
Diseases are among the major constraints to sustainable aquaculture. Fish pathogens include bacteria responsible for devastating effects on the fish health and even that of consumers. In Cameroon, there is a dearth of quantitative data related to fish diseases and the economic impact. An epidemiological survey was carried out from April 22 to May 23, 2021 during a first epizootic of the enteric red plague in the fishes Oreochromis niloticus and Cyprinus carpio reared in ponds in the Monatélé Subdivision of the Centre Region of Cameroon. The objective was to assess clinical disorders and mortality rate, associated risk factors and economic losses in semi-intensive farms due to red plague in Cameroon. So, the standard epidemiological procedures were used to assess the mortality rates before and after antibiotic (Oxytetracyclin) treatment of the disease. Results showed that clinical signs recorded within three months of observing included lateral recumbency, breathing difficulties (dyspnea) and wide opening of mouths of affected fish. The overall mortality rate of 7.74% (294 dead fishes out of 3800) was recorded. The mortality rate was significantly higher (p < 0.001) in polyculture pond (11.33%) compared to monoculture pond (4.70%). Cyprinus carpio was significantly more affected than Oreochromis niloticus. The mortality rate was higher (p < 0.01) in younger fishes than older ones and was sex independent. The therapy was more effective in monoculture pond than in polyculture pond and in Oreochromis niloticus compared to Cyprinus carpio. Females were more sensitive to antibiotic treatment than males. The direct financial loss was $420.50. This study revealed that the main risk factors of the red plague disease were farming practice, species, age and size of fish. Rigorous epidemiological surveillance of fish diseases was suggested for improved productivity of fish farms in Cameroon. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 323-335
Soil salinity is a significant threat to agriculture and livelihood, particularly in the Southern coastal areas of Bangladesh. Soil salinity is extended from 0.833 to 1.056 million hectares (about), with an increase of 26% between 1973 and 2009. Out of about 1.689 million hectares of coastal land, about 1.056 million hectares are affected by soil salinity of various degrees covering 49 Upazila (sub-district) of 19 districts. About 0.328, 0.274, 0.189, 0.161, and 0.101 million hectares of land are affected by very slight (S1), slight (S2), moderate (S3), strong (S4), and very strong salinity (S5), respectively. Data recorded by SRDI manifests new ingression of salinity in Narail (18.71 ha), Jashore (14.99 ha), Barishal (13.96 ha), Gopalgonj (6.27 ha), Jhalakati (4.69 ha), and Madaripur (0.72 ha) districts. Soil salinity also encroached a large area of Bhola (53.84 ha), Patuakhali (40.08 ha), Khulna (27.92 ha), and Bagerhat (23.14 ha), besides minor ingression in other districts. The salinity level is almost double (2.8-18.5 to 4.0-42.8 dS/m) from 1973 to 2009 in Sharankhola Upazila of Bagerhat district, Dumuria Upazila of Khulna district and Shyamnagar Upazila of Satkhira district (SRDI, 2010). Different causes are involved in increasing the water and soil salinity of the coastal area of Bangladesh, like withdrawal of fresh river water from upstream, irregular rainfall, faulty management of sluice gates and polders, regular tidal water flooding in an unprotected area, the capillary rise of soluble salts, decreased surface water availability, lowered ground water table, reduced soil moisture content, the introduction of unplanned shrimp cultivation, lack of drainage facilities. Some of the widespread soil and land management techniques adopted in the saline areas of Bangladesh to cope with the salinity are polder (123), farm-pond (khamar-pokor), sarjan procedure, usage of raised shrimp farm bund for year-round cropping, mulching (keeping land covered in winter and summer months), land leveling, pitcher (kolosh) irrigation to grow watermelon, dibbling method, the addition of organic matter, chemical fertilizers and cultivation of saline tolerant crop varieties, particularly rice. Vol. 10, No. 1, April 2023: 1-7
The study was conducted in Dale sadi, Dale wabera and Sayo districts of Kellem wollega Zone and Gimbi districts of west Wollega zone for two consecutive years of production(2016/17 and 2017/18 G.C ) on farmers’ field. The objective of the study was to pre-scale up and popularize the best-performing and preferred groundnut variety in the study area. The study addressed a total of 90 farmers in the two years of the project span. From a total of 90 farmers, male represents 73 and female 17. During farmers’ selection process, both female and male farmers were incorporated so as to avoid gender bias. Training was given to the selected farmers, development agents and district experts about improved groundnut technologies production and management. Full packages of the technologies were provided. Variety Manipinter was planted on plot area of 0.25ha on respective farmers’ field in the study area. The recommended rate of NPS 100kg/ha and Row planting method with the spacing of 60cm between rows and 10cm between plants were used respectively. To enhance farmer’s knowledge on Groundnut training was given for target community on agronomic practice of Groundnut. During training a total of 117 target communities were participated on training out of which 84 were male and 33 were male. An average production of 14.935 qt/ha and a total of 336 quintal of groundnut yield was harvested during project life span. Finally, farmers feedback concerning technology was collected and incorporated, accordingly the farmers feel as the Manipinter have relatively high yield, good seed quality (Grain size, color), disease tolerant than previously used varieties. Generally, since it is impossible to address all farmers only by the effort of the research center, district agriculture and natural resource bureau in collaboration with zonal agricultural and natural resource office and input supplying NGO’s should hold the turn to scale up the technology in wider scale. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 10, No. 2, August 2023: 147-153
A cross sectional prospective study was carried out to determine the prevalence of demographic status associated with pet owners and animals, and pattern of drugs used in prescription during study period from February 2019 to April 2019 at Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. A total of 493 clinical cases were analyzed and found that educated and illiterate calculated as 64.2% and 13.8% of dog owners, and 89.4% and 10.6% of cat owners. Among the pet animals, males were higher (dogs 64.3%, cats 52.1%) compared to females (dogs 35.7%, cats 47.9%). In relation to breed of pet animals, local breed was higher in both cases of dogs (33.4%) and cats (55.9%). Tendency of pet owners for deworming (36.4% in dogs, 23.9% in cat) and vaccination (45.3% in dogs, 37.8% in cats) were not satisfactory. The prevalence of noninfectious diseases was 40.7% in dogs and 59.6% in cats followed by infectious diseases (26.6% in dogs, 14.9% in cats). Overall prescribed antimicrobials were higher (49.5% in dogs, 62.2% in cat) than others. Among them, most frequently used antimicrobials in dogs were fluroquinolone with metronidazole/beta lactams (93.7%) in infectious case followed by Cephalosporin (56.3%) due to non-infectious case. On the contrary, metronidazole was used (100%) due to noninfectious case followed by cephalosporin (28.3%) in infectious case in cats. These results indicate the level of awareness of vaccination and deworming practice, management styles of their pets in Dhaka and socio economic condition of owners. Vol. 9, No. 3, December 2022: 299-306
