Fecundity, development period, percent emergence, longevity, sex ratio and hind tibia length of Trichogramma brassicae Bezd. (Hym.: Trichogrammatidae) were evaluated in five consecutive rearing generations on the eggs of Sitotroga cerealella Oliv. (Lep.: Gelechiidae) & Plodia interpunctella Hub. (Lep.: Pyralidae) in 24±1oC, 60±5% RH and 14:10(L:D).The means figures for the mentioned characters (for wasps reared on the eggs of S. cerealella and P. interpunctella)were obtainedas fallows:fecundity:34.55 and 21.65 eggs per female, development period: 11.60 and 11.41 days, percent of emergence: 93.52 and 77.01; longevity: 3.04 and 2.44 days, the sex ratio: 64.55 and 60.01 and the hind tibia lenght: 158.08 and 146.45 microns. The means of fecoundity, longevity, sex ratio and hind tibia lenght of wasps reared on either host indicated significant differences, increasing until 3rd generationthen decreasing in the next generations, while the means for development period and percent of emergence exhibited no significant difference in any five rearing generations. Also strong positive correlations among the hind tibia length, fecundity, and longevity of the wasps reared on either host were observed. According to the obtained results non continual rearing of this wasp on one host is suggested in its mass production.
Erosion has been divided into interrill, rill, and gully components. Interrill erosion consists of soil particle detachment by raindrop impact and particle transport by splash and shallow overland flow. Interrill erosion and runoff rates were measured from one square-meter drainable flume filled with disturbed soil under simulated rainfall at different slopes ranging from 1.5 to 20%. Three contrasting soil types were used in the study. Rainfall was applied using a rainfall simulator with a single sweeping nozzle located 4 meters above the soil surface that sprayed drops with mean diameter of 1.5 mm. Results indicated that the effect of slope on interrill erosion depends on the soil type and rainfall rate. In other words, there is an interaction between slope, soil type and rainfall rate. Measured interrill erosion rates were compared to soil loss predicted by the proposed equations in WEPP model. Results revealed that the model tends to over-predict the values on the lower end, while under-predicting the values on the upper end of the scale.
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