From the perspective of time and space,the effect of regional water use intensity was decomposed into the industrialization effect,industrial structure upgrading effect,water-saving technology effect of the tertiary industry,carrying capacity effect of domes-tic water use,and the scale effect of urban population water use.The LMDI decomposition expansion model of temporal and spatial dif-ferences in regional water use intensity was constructed.Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as an example,the driving channels and internal influencing mechanisms of industrial structure upgrading on temporal and spatial differences in water use intensity were explored in depth.The results showed that the upgrading of industrial structure was an important factor to inhibit the increase of water use intensity in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2000 to 2020,but its inhibitory effect had weakened year by year since 2012,and had turned to promote the growth of water use intensity,and then turned to inhibitory effect in 2020.Since 2011,there had been a weakening trend in the driving force of inhibiting or promoting the increase of water use intensity compared with Shanghai.The industri-al structure adjustment of provinces and cities under the trend of service could inhibit the increase of water use intensity compared with Shanghai.Anhui Province,Jiangxi Province,Hunan Province,Jiangsu Province and Sichuan Province should strengthen the rational allocation of water resources between industries(especially between the first and second industries)and optimize the water consump-tion structure within the industry(especially the second industry).Guizhou Province,Hunan Province,Yunnan Province and Hubei Province had a low level of service,and still needed to further develop the tertiary industry.
基于12个产地的白及(Bletilla striata)药材,探究其冻干片的质量标准.通过鉴别不同产地白及冻干片的一般理化性质,测定总多糖含量、含水量、总灰分含量、二氧化硫残留量、双[4-(β-D-吡喃葡萄糖氧)苄基]-2-异丁基苹果酸酯(Militarine)含量、浸出物含量,对白及冻干片进行质量评价.结果表明,12个产地的白及冻干片总多糖含量为28.2％～50.9％,Militarine含量为5.32％～10.73％,白及冻干片中的总多糖含量、含水量、总灰分含量、浸出物含量和Militarine含量均符合《中华人民共和国药典:四部》(2015)标准.
以青海省班玛县为例,运用替代工程法、市场价格法、影子价格法等方法对该地2020年森林资源生态价值进行核算与分析.结果表明,班玛县2020年森林资源生态价值总量为196.43亿元,其中涵养水源价值、固碳制氧功能价值、水土保持功能价值和生物多样性价值这4种生态价值是班玛县森林资源的主要生态服务功能价值,占总价值的93.92％.针对研究结论,提出优化森林资源保护管理政策与制度、建立科学合理的生态效益补偿机制以及加大资金投入和政策扶持力度等建议,以期为森林资源保护管理提供技术支撑,也为其他地区的森林资源生态价值核算提供案例参考与方法借鉴.
Chitosan and sodium alginate were used as film forming materials and glycerin as the plasticizer.The effects of chitosan,so-dium alginate,glycerin concentration and grape seed extract on tensile strength and elongation at the break of composite films were in-vestigated by the single factor test,and the orthogonal test was established on this basis.The antibacterial activity of the composite films of grape seed extract against Escherichia coli,Salmonella,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus was determined by the K-B method.The results showed that the best composite films forming process was sodium alginate concentration of 2.00%,chi-tosan concentration of 1.50%,glycerin concentration of 0.2%,and grape seed extract of 20%.The composite films had antibacterial activity against all four control bacteria,with the best effect against Escherichia coli,its antibacterial sphere diameter of 7.4 mm and the worst antibacterial effect against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The test method was simple and rapid,and the composite films were sta-ble,with certain mechanical properties,appropriate transparency and water absorption.Adding grape seed extract could increase the antibacterial properties of the composite films,which provided a new idea for the preparation of antibacterial composite films and pro-vided reference for the preparation of film products in the food preservation industry.
By using methods such as constant temperature water bath extraction,atmospheric pressure concentration,conventional chemical index detection,simultaneous distillation extraction,and GC-MS internal standard quantitative detection of aroma compo-nents,the extraction rate and changes in aroma components of tobacco raw materials after the addition of cosolvents(hop∶koji extract∶Tween 80=2∶5∶10,mass ratio)were analyzed.The results showed that after adding cosolvents to the tobacco raw materials for paper making,the extraction rates of all three tobacco raw materials increased.The extraction rates of tobacco stems,mixed raw materials,and tobacco fragments increased by 7.88,0.12,and 0.09 percentage points,respectively.The extraction rates of reducing sugars,to-tal alkaloids,total nitrogen,and chloride ions in tobacco raw materials with the addition of cosolvents were higher than those without the addition of cosolvents.After adding cosolvents to tobacco raw materials,the types and contents of ketones,aldehydes,furans,and esters increased,while the content of megastigmatrienone increased;after adding cosolvent to tobacco stems,the content of 5-methyl-2-furan methanol decreased.The addition of cosolvents could improve the extraction rate of tobacco raw materials and increase the aro-ma components content of some tobacco raw materials.
Two PBAT biodegradable films(biodegradable film 1 and biodegradable film 2)and a PE film were used as research materi-als,and the degradation characteristics of different films were studied by indoor culture experiment,scanning electron microscopy(SEM)and Fourier transform infrared spectrum(FTIR)under different soil moisture and different temperature culture conditions.The results showed that,when the films were cultured for 90 d under three different soil temperature conditions of 20℃,40℃,20℃(12 h)and 40℃(12 h)day and night alternation(20℃/40℃)respectively at the soil moisture content of 20%,the weight loss rates of the common PE membrane,biodegradable film 1 and biodegradable film 2 were the highest at 20℃/40℃,reaching to 2.89%,11.91%,8.33%,respectively.When the films were cultured for 90 d at 15%,20%,25%and 30%soil mositure respectively at 20℃,there was no significant difference in the degradation degree of PE film,while the biodegradable film 1 had the highest weight loss rate of 5.36%at 30%soil mositure,and that of the biodegradable film 2 was 6.46%at 25%soil mositure.It could be speculated that the Nor-rish type I reactions occurred in the two biodegradable films after 90 d of culture based on the FTIR.The expansion vibration of the two biodegradable films was obvious at 20℃/40℃,representing the molecular strand fracture.SEM showed the change trend of the mor-phological characteristic of the PBAT biodegradable films degradation was consistent with the law of matrix drop—crack/small penetrat-ing holes—large area crack/large penetrating holes.It was concluded that the degradation degree of PBAT biodegradable films was sig-nificantly higher than that of PE film,and the high temperature and humid soil environment was conducive to the degradation of PBAT biodegradable films.
By collecting data,the changes of China's food production and consumption system from 1961 to 2018 were analyzed,and the trend rules of the production and consumption system were summarized.According to the characteristics of this change,the current safety situation and future trend of food supply in China were discussed.The results showed that with the improvement of the living standard of Chinese residents,the proportion of plant food in the annual production and consumption of Chinese residents decreased slightly,but it still accounted for 88.33%of food production and 88.58%of food consumption in 2018.The proportion of animal food production and consumption increased as a whole,production increased from 3.19%in 1961 to 11.01%in 2018,and consumption in-creased from 3.19%in 1961 to 10.67%in 2018.The diet structure gradually tended to diversify.In terms of supply safety,the self-suf-ficiency rate of grain exceeded 95%,but the structural contradiction of food types was still prominent,and the import of beans,nuts,milk and aquatic products was in high demand.In the context of the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents(2016),except for milk,the per capita food production of Chinese residents could fully meet all food needs in 2018.Finally,some suggestions for ensur-ing the safety of food supply were put forward from the aspects of production technology,production structure,agricultural policy and dietary pattern.
The effects of dissolved oxygen and nitrite on the incubation time of Charybdis feriatus egg were studied.The results showed that the concentration of dissolved oxygen and nitrite had a significant impact on the incubation time of Charybdis feriatus egg;when the dissolved oxygen content in seawater was within the range of 2～12 mg/L,Charybdis feriatus could be incubated normally.Within this range,as the dissolved oxygen content in seawater increased,the incubation time of Charybdis feriatus egg gradually decreased;nitrite concentration had a significant impact on the incubation duration of Charybdis feriatus egg.When the concentration was lower than 50 mg/L,it was suitable for the incubation of Charybdis feriatus egg.When the concentration of nitrite was lower than 25 mg/L,the incubation duration of Charybdis feriatus egg in each stage was shorter.
Taking the unexpected output into account and stripping the impact of the external environment,the improved three-stage DEA model was used to calculate the national agricultural production efficiency from 2015 to 2019,and the regional differentiation was analyzed.The results showed that the external environmental factors had a significant impact on agricultural production efficiency.The per capita disposable income of farmers improved the allocation of land and irrigation factors,the urbanization level improved the operation efficiency of machinery,labor and chemical fertilizer,the local financial expenditure on agriculture,forestry and water af-fairs was not conducive to agricultural production efficiency,the improvement of education level promoted farmers'ability to control machinery,land and other factors,and the development of industrialization drove the operation of agricultural machinery.After strip-ping the external environmental interference,the national agricultural production efficiency had changed significantly.The average comprehensive efficiency in five years had increased by 0.07,the pure technical efficiency had increased by 0.05 and the scale effi-ciency had decreased by 0.01.In the third stage,the national agricultural production efficiency was divided into four types.The effi-ciency"high high type"in the middle was mostly and evenly distributed;the east was second,but there was a slight imbalance in de-velopment,and some areas had been"low low type"for a long time;the efficiency distribution in the west was extremely uneven,and the polarization between"high high type"and"low low type"was serious.Based on this,the strategies were put forward to promote the agricultural construction from the perspectives of external environment and regional characteristics.
A new pesticide,nano-grade copper 80%Bordeaux mixture wettable powder,was used as the test agent and conventional 80%Bordeaux mixture wettable powder was used as the control agent.Field control experiments were carried out in Kaiyuan City and Fengcheng City of Liaoning Province for two years for 4 major leaf spot diseases of tobacco,including angular spot,wild fire,target spot and brown spot diseases.The results showed that compared with the conventional 80%Bordeaux mixture wettable powder,the na-no-grade copper 80%Bordeaux mixture wettable powder had a better control effect on tobacco angular spot,wild fire,target spot and brown spot diseases.The dosage of 1 050 g/hm2 was applied twice continuously,and the best control effects were 75.61%,76.90%,81.35%and 60.71%,respectively.In order to verify the safety of nano-grade copper 80%Bordeaux mixture wettable powder,the agro-nomic characteristics of tobacco plants were investigated in Kaiyuan City experimental field.The results showed that the plant height was 118.12 cm,the stem circumference was 9.11 cm,the effective leaf number was 21.51,and the max leaf area was 2 487.18 cm2,which were all slightly higher than those of the control agent,and this new pesticide had no adverse effect on the growth and develop-ment of tobacco plants.
In order to investigate the biological activity of Bacillus sp.glycosyl hydrolase GH489,the target gene gh489 was amplified by designing specific primers,the recombinant GH489 protein was expressed using the Escherichia coli prokaryotic expression system,and the target protein was isolated and purified using histidine tags.The acaricidal activity of Bacillus sp.glycosyl hydrolase GH489 against Tetranychus urticae was detected.The results showed that the recombinant GH489 protein expressed by Escherichia coli BL21(DE3)was a soluble protein with a molecular weight of approximately 57 kDa.The purified GH489 recombinant protein showed good acaricidal activity,after 24 hours of treatment,the half lethal concentration(LC50)of Tetranychus urticae was 30.296 μg/mL,and af-ter 48 hours of treatment,the half lethal concentration(LC50)of Tetranychus urticae was 21.212 μg/mL.
The samples of soil(0～20 cm)and agricultural products of facility cultivation watermelon[Citrullus lanatus(Thunb.)Mat-sum.&Nakai]were collected from major agricultural production areas in Wuhan City,and the physical and chemical indexes,the number of microorganisms of soil,and the quality indexes of agricultural products were detected.The results showed that the spatial variation of soil pH was from 4.91 to 7.16,and the variation of organic matter content was from 9.43 g/kg to 30.75 g/kg.The content of nitrate nitrogen in planting soil was very rich,and the content of available phosphorus and available potassium was at a high level.The soil bulk density and soil compactness were relatively close,and the soil water holding capacity in the field was different with different methods.The quantity of fungi in soil under facility cultivation did not change much,while the number of bacteria and actinomycetes fluctuated obviously.The soil health evaluation indexes of facility cultivation watermelon in Wuhan City were screened by principal component analysis method,and pH,available potassium,organic matter content,nitrate nitrogen,field water holding capacity and bacterial quantity were selected as evaluation indexes.
In order to understand the development of the time bank's mutual care service model for the elderly,a questionnaire survey and field investigation were conducted in N-city,and it was learned that the current time bank in N-city was still in the exploration and development stage,with problems such as a small number of volunteers,low popularity,low service quality,and difficult inter-connection of pension data.Therefore,it was proposed that under the background of active aging,the optimization path of the pension model of N-city time bank could be constructed through the"three pillars",namely,the three dimensions of national health,social participation and policy guarantee,and the localization development of time bank could be made into the characteristics of N-city and form the experience of N-city.
By conducting PCR detection,genome sequencing,and evolutionary analysis on clinical waterfowl parvovirus,the geno-type of the isolated strain was determined.Further selection pressure and gene recombination analysis were conducted on the genome of the isolated strains using Paml and RDP software to determine the evolutionary trend of the isolated strains.The results showed that the three strains of waterfowl parvovirus isolated belonged to the novel goose parvovirus,named YiCH strain,AnQ strain,and XiY strain,with genome lengths of 5 056,5 056,and 5 068 bp,respectively.The three isolates had the closest phylogenetic relationship with the novel goose parvovirus M15 strain,with 6 base insertions at positions 191～196 and 4 878～4 883 in the ITR region at both ends of the XiY strain.Selection pressure analysis was conducted on the isolated strains,and three positive selection sites were detected for the VP protein of the isolated strains,namely 116Q,261A,and 485S.Recombination analysis showed that both the YiCH and AnQ strains exhibited recombination phenomenon,with XiY strain as the main parent strain and GPV 06-0329 strain as the secondary par-ent strain.
Taking Yunnan Province as the research area,the ecological protection and restoration zoning work at the county level was carried out by quantifying ecosystem service(ES)supply and demand and mapping the matching relationship between the two.The re-sults showed that obvious spatial heterogeneity was seen in both ES supply and demand,and these two showed a complementary rela-tionship spatially.The forest areas in the northwest and southwest Yunnan were high supply areas,while the eastern parts were low supply and high demand areas.The Yunnan Province was divided into four regions according to the characteristics of supply and de-mand:coordination type(high supply-high demand),which should focus on improving the supply level of other ecological land ex-cept water areas;urban and rural remodeling type(low supply-high demand),which should pay more attention to the spatial alloca-tion and coverage of urban green space;key restoration type(low supply-low demand),which should carry out soil and water conser-vation,mine rehabilitation and other rehabilitation projects in local areas;ecological conservation type(high supply-low demand),which should take ecological conservation as the main goal to achieve the overall improvement of forest quality.
Three rice varieties(Fudao 99,Huaxiaxiangsi and Huanghuazhan)with four cultivation methods(manual direct seeding,aerial vehicle direct seeding,artificial seedling throwing and machine transplanted seedlings)were set to study the effects of cultiva-tion methods on the yield and economic benefit of different rice varieties.The results showed that the theoretical and actual yield of Fu-dao 99 were higher than those of Huaxiaxiangsi and Huanghuazhan,which were 10 957.09 and 8 315.82 kg/hm2,respectively,and it was suitable for large-scale planting in Xianning City.The yield and economic benefit of rice under aerial vehicle direct seeding and manual direct seeding cultivation methods were higher than those of artificial seedling throwing and machine transplanted seedlings,and compared to manual direct seeding,aircraft direct seeding saved time and labor.Therefore,from a light and simplified cultivation perspective,the aerial vehicle direct seeding method could be promoted in Xianning City.
Five new potted Asian lily varieties were used as introduction materials,18 botanical traits were observed and counted,the phonological phase,stem and leaf traits,flowering traits and comprehensive resistance of potted Asian lily varieties were comprehen-sively evaluated and compared by scoring method,and a comprehensive evaluation system of Asian potted lily was established,aiming to select potted lily varieties and breeding materials suitable for spreading and planting in Jingmen and even the whole Yangtze River basin.The results showed that,Trendy Havana,Lava Joy,Classic Joy,Trendy Nicosia and Blushing Joy were all suitable for introduc-tion and cultivation in Jingmen City.The height of the potted Asian lily plants tested was 31.9～46.0 cm,the plant type was compact,and they all bloomed in May.The duration from planting to flowering was 48～64 d,the overall flowering period was 18～28 days,and the average number of flower buds was 3～5.All of them were single-petal flowers,the flower was dish-shape or bowl-shape,the flow-er shape was upright,and the flower color was bright and rich.Trendy Havana and Lava Joy showed better performance,with long flowering periods,high ornamental value and good adaptability.Trendy Nicosia should be paid attention to the protection of aphids dur-ing planting.
Taking 19 counties(cities,districts)in Western Hubei as the research object,the PLUS model was used to simulate the temporal and spatial evolution law of cultivated land landscape under the constraints of natural conditions and the dual constraints of natural and socio-economic conditions,and clarify the important influencing factors of cultivated land landscape pattern.The results showed that the number of cultivated land in Western Hubei would still show a downward trend in the future.The main factors affecting cultivated land change were elevation,vegetation cover and hydrological conditions.The spatial distribution pattern of patch shape was significantly affected by topography,which was characterized by superior in the north and inferior in the south;in terms of time change,the cultivated land patch shape showed an obvious trend of optimization and development.In terms of patch pattern,the over-all spatial aggregation,connectivity and fragmentation of the cultivated land patch in Western Hubei were poor,and there was a risk of continuous deterioration of cultivated land patch pattern.The difference of multi scenario simulation showed that the regular develop-ment of the cultivated land patch would be limited by social and economic activities,and only driven by natural conditions,the culti-vated land landscape was easier to develop in the direction of complexity and fragmentation.
In order to explore the effects of monthly satiation degree on the feeding,growth,immunity of juvenile grass carp(Cteno-pharyngodon idellus)and the water quality index of farmed aquatic fish ponds,juvenile grass carp with body weight of(18.10±0.09)g was selected as the test subjects for a period of 60 days.The juveniles were fed at four levels of 70%,80%,90%and 100%of month-ly satiation degree.The results showed that:①The weight gain rate and specific growth rate of the test fish were significantly positive-ly correlated with the monthly satiety,and the treatment group with monthly satiation degree of 100%showed the best specific growth rate(2.02%/d),but had no obvious difference compared with the treatment group with monthly satiation degree of 90%(P>0.05);the feed coefficient of the test fish was significantly negatively correlated with the monthly satiety,the test fish with monthly satiation de-gree of 90%had the lowest feed coefficient(1.16±0.04),while the test fish with monthly satiation degree of 70%had the highest feed coefficient(1.43±0.07).② Different monthly satiation degrees had a certain impact on the survival rate and morphological indicators of the test fish,among which the test fish with monthly satiation degree of 100%had the lowest survival rate,but their hepotasomatic index and condition factor were the highest.③The difference in the muscle nutrient composition of the test fish under different month-ly satiety levels was not significant(P>0.05),while the crude fat content in the whole fish nutrient content was significantly positively correlated with the monthly satiation degree(P<0.05).④During the test period,the contents of ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen and phosphate in the cultured water bodies increased significantly with the increase of monthly satiety(P<0.05),but the monthly sati-ety had no significant effect on the nitrogen nitrite nitrogen in the cultured waters and the serum antioxidant index of the test fish(P>0.05).
Based on the actual situation and characteristics of urban-rural integration development in Shandong Province,the evalua-tion index system of urban-rural integration development level in Shandong Province was constructed from four dimensions:Factor in-tegration,economic integration,social integration and ecological integration,and the change trend of urban-rural integration develop-ment level in 16 prefecture-level cities in Shandong Province from 2010 to 2019 was calculated and analyzed by means of entropy val-ue;the spatial lag model was used to reveal the spatial spillover of urban-rural integration development in Shandong Province,and to judge the direction and degree of influence of various factors flow on urban-rural integration development.The results showed that from 2010 to 2019,the urban-rural integration in Shandong Province had been steadily promoted and the level had been continuously im-proved;the development of urban and rural integration among prefecture-level cities showed mutual promotion,and the spatial spill-over effect was obvious;eight independent variables,such as population flow scale,urban scale and industrial structure,all played a positive role in promoting the urban-rural integration development in Shandong Province,but the degree of influence was different,and there was still room for progress.
