为了解棕榈在不同立地条件下的生长和产量状况,开展不同立地条件下棕榈人工林生长与产量的调查研究,旨在为棕榈人工林培育选择适宜立地条件提供依据.以棕榈栽培面积较大的云南省红河县石头寨乡和阿扎河乡棕榈人工林为研究对象,设置不同立地条件的典型样地,对棕榈生长指标和棕片、棕柄产量进行调查.结果表明,不同立地因子对棕榈树高的影响最为显著,其次为茎干单节长,对胸径、冠幅的影响均不显著;不同立地因子对棕片长度、棕柄重、棕片重及单株总产量的影响较大,而对棕片宽度的影响较小.总体上,棕榈高生长、产量指标均随海拔的升高而降低,在阳坡的生长优于阴坡,坡下部优于坡中、上部,山谷优于山脊;海拔较低的山脊阳坡下坡位和山谷阴坡棕榈高生长、棕片长、棕柄重、棕片重及单株总产量均较大.土壤矿质养分中钾元素尤其是全钾含量对棕榈生长及产量的影响比氮、磷元素大.
选择炼山造林后27年生杉木人工林为研究对象,采用Monsi分层切割法对所选取的平均标准木进行生物量测定,并测定各营养器官的C、N、P、K含量,分析炼山对杉木人工林长期生产力的影响.结果表明:从长期来看,炼山对杉木人工林地生产力具有不利影响.尽管炼山在初期对杉木的树高、胸径生长有积极影响,但从第7年开始,不炼山的杉木林树高、胸径超过炼山后的杉木林,并且差距逐渐增大;至炼山后第27年,不炼山杉木林树高、胸径仍大于炼山杉木林.从生物量来看,不炼山处理林分生物量与炼山处理之间的差异虽未达显著水平,但叶、皮和根的生物量均明显大于炼山处理.未炼山的林分养分及C积累量均大于炼山处理后的林分,两种处理对于养分及C积累量的影响均无显著差异,对其他器官均未有明显的影响.
以杉木52号家系不同表型杉木幼苗为试验对象,选择Y52（黄化苗）和G52（正常苗）幼苗不同部位的组织为材料,以杉木EF1α为内参基因,采用qRT-PCR技术对幼苗NIPAs基因进行相对表达量分析,选择新叶和老叶进行叶绿素含量的测定.结果表明,Y52新叶中叶绿素a、b和总叶绿素含量都显著降低;老叶中,叶绿素a含量有所升高,但叶绿素b和总叶绿素含量仍显著降低.G52幼苗除了NIPA3在新叶中表达,其他的NIPAs基因主要在成熟茎中高度表达;Y52幼苗NIPAs则在不同部位都有高度表达.与G52相比,Y52的NIPAs相对表达量均存在不同程度的变化差异.
兰科为被子植物的最大科,兰科植物是经济价值非常高的世界性观赏植物,其基因组学和转录组学数据可为进一步推动兰花育种和研究提供帮助.本研究团队在建立的OrchidBase 1.0、2.0数据库的基础上,利用小兰屿蝴蝶兰的全基因组数据建立了基于网页版的OrchidBase 3.0数据库.OrchidBase 3.0数据库包含了小兰屿蝴蝶兰基因组拼接支架序列的信息以及基因注释、基因定位、基因结构、KEGG途径和BLAST搜索等内容;此外,该数据库也提供了小兰屿蝴蝶兰的基因序列和每千碱基读数每百万映射读数(RPKM).OrchidBase 3.0数据库的在线资源可以通过网页浏览、文本和BLAST搜索获取,搜索结果会显示在网站上并可供下载,用户可通过该数据库下载小兰屿蝴蝶兰的基因组拼接支架序列及预测的基因和蛋白质序列.为OrchidBase3.0数据库的免费网站链接.
比较了高抗枯萎病品种'中蕉九号'和'中蕉四号'、野生香蕉种质三明野生蕉及感病品种'福州粉蕉一号'和'天宝蕉'等5份香蕉种质根系水粗提物对香蕉枯萎病病原菌FocTR4菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响.结果表明:5份香蕉种质根系水粗提物对FocTR4菌丝生长的抑制效果表现为'中蕉九号'≈'中蕉四号'>三明野生蕉>'福州粉蕉一号'>'天宝蕉';抗病品种'中蕉九号'和'中蕉四号'根系水粗提物能显著抑制FocTR4孢子萌发,三明野生蕉对孢子萌发具有一定的抑制效果,感病品种'福州粉蕉一号'和'天宝蕉'对孢子萌发无抑制效果.这说明香蕉种质根系水粗提物对FocTR4菌丝生长和孢子萌发的抑制效果与香蕉种质对枯萎病的抗性呈正相关.
运用面向对象分类法得出厦门市1985—2015年土地利用覆盖数据,结合土地利用转移矩阵分析法、动态度分析法对厦门市30年城市用地变化过程进行动态监测与分析.结果表明:30年间林地和耕地分别减少了60.96和108.33 km2,减少的部分主要转化为建设用地和交通用地;水域和其他用地分别减少了14.23和15.89 km2,主要转化为建设用地;养殖水面面积1985年后增加31.00 km2,主要占用耕地,但2005—2015年减少了38.35 km2,主要转化为建设用地.气候变化、经济发展、人口剧增及旅游业发展是厦门市土地利用发生变化的主要原因.
Samples were collected from sweet pepper(Capsicum annuum var. grossum) plants showing severe leaf curling disease in Shenyang,Liaoning Province,China. Virions in the diameter of 300 nm×18 nm were observed from the affected plants by negative staining under scanning electron microscopes,and were identified as pepper mild mottle virus(PMMoV) by RT-PCR from 9 symp-tomatic leaf samples. The coat protein(cp) of Shenyang isolates shared identities of 93.7%-99.8% and 96.8%-100.0% in nucleo-tide sequence and amino acid with the published PMMoV. Phylogenetic trees showed that Shenyang isolates clustered with those be-long to the P1,2pathotype. By juice friction,the PMMoV was transmitted to healthy Nicotiana glutinosa and Capsicum annuum,cau-sing only local lesions in N.glutinosa,but systemic infection in C.annuum.
Community characteristics of four protection forests in coastal sands in Fujian were studied. It was a quadrat of 1 200 m2 and consisted of pure forest of Casuarina equisetifolia,pure forest of Dendrocalamopsis oldhami,bamboo-C.equisetifolia mixed forest and mixed multi-species bamboo forest. Four communities can be approximately divided into arborous layer,shrub layer and herba-ceous layer,respectively,with small quantity of liana species in bamboo-C.equisetifoliamixed forest and mixed multi-species bamboo forest. C.equisetifolia was the dominant species for pure forest of C.equisetifolia and bamboo-C.equisetifolia mixed forest. D.oldhami and D.beecheyanus var. pubescens was the dominant species for pure forest of D.oldhami and mixed multi-species bamboo forest,re-spectively. Community composition of mixed multi-species bamboo forest was the most complex with 20 families,38 genera and 41 species,followed by pure forest of D.oldhami with 17 families,28 genera and 36 species,bamboo-C.equisetifolia mixed forest with 12 families,18 genera and 28 species,and pure forest of C.equisetifolia with 7 families,10 genera and 10 species. Species diversity indices for four protection forest in a descending order was mixed multi-species bamboo forest, pure forest of D.oldhami, bamboo-C. equisetifolia mixed forest,pure forest of C.equisetifolia. And species diversity indices of mixed multi-species bamboo forest in a descending order was herbage,shrubs,tree and the order for three other protection forest was shrubs>herbage>tree. To summarize, bamboo-C.equisetifolia mixed forest is most recommended on coastal front and in the combination of mixed multi-species bamboo for-est in the rear as reference afforestation model in order to promote sustainable management of protection forest in coastal area which is subject to frequent typhoon damage. Meanwhile,D.oldhami,D.beecheyanus var. pubescens,which is subject to frequent typhoon.
以柚皮为原料,制备柚皮干粉、柚皮纤维素和柚皮微晶纤维素,比较柚子全皮(PP)、柚子黄皮(YP)、柚子白皮(WP)、黄皮纤维素(YPC)、白皮纤维素(WPC)、柚皮微晶纤维素(PMCC)和市售微晶纤维素(CMCC)在模拟胃环境下对Pb2+、Cr6+的吸附效果,筛选吸附性能最佳的制备物,同时研究其在模拟胃环境下,不同Pb2+、Cr6+初始含量及制备物用量对吸附效果的影响.结果表明,7种柚皮制备物对Pb2+的吸附效果表现为:YPC>YP>PP>WP>WPC>PMCC>CMCC,对Cr6+的吸附效果表现为:YP>PP>WP>YPC>WPC>PMCC>CMCC.在模拟胃环境下,YPC对Pb2+的吸附性能最佳,在YPC用量3.5 g·L-1、Pb2+初始含量20 mg·L-1、温度37℃、吸附时间3 h的条件下,吸附量达3.86 mg·g-1,去除率达95.5％;YP对Cr6+具有较好的吸附效果,在YP用量5 g·L-1、Cr6+初始含量5 mg·L-1、温度37℃、吸附时间3 h的条件下,吸附量达2.35 mg·g-1,去除率达88.3％.
Taking the ecological system of typical flue-cured tobacco field in Yuxi city of Yunnan as the research object,the flue-cured tobacco was treated by using the dynamic closed air chamber infrared CO2analyzer(LI-6400-09)for the treatment of flat ground,15°up-per slope position,15°middle slope position,15°lower slope position,30°upper slope position,30°middle slope position and 30°lower slope position.Soil respiration rate and its influencing factors in the growing season were measured and analyzed.The results were as fol-lows:(1)the soil respiration of flue-cured tobacco had a significant time change,which showed a trend of change in Shuangfeng type.The increase of gradient significantly reduced the average soil respiration rate(reduce 6.4 μmol·m-2·s-1),and slowed down the soil respi-ration rate of the extension root of flue-cured tobacco after transplanting.(2)Soil moisture at different slope positions was significantly dif-ferent.The increase of slope position significantly reduced the average soil respiration rate(reduce 2.6~3.5 μmol·m-2·s-1);(3) Soil temperature was the key factor causing soil respiration.The temperature sensitivity coefficient Q10of soil respiration was 1.01-1.39 and in-creased with the increase of slope.The increase of slope would also lead to a high correlation between soil temperature and soil respiration from the middle and the lower to the upper slope.(4) In the study area,soil humidity had greater effect on soil respiration than soil tem-perature,and the sensitivity of downslope soil respiration to humidity was greater than that of middle slope and uphill slope.In summary, changes in slope types can significantly change soil temperature and water conditions,and then affect soil respiration in flue-cured tobacco fields.
With 4 years of phenological observation data and meteorological data,the biological zero temperatures of 65 varieties of ornamental crabapple were calculated with simplified method to explore the biological zero temperature and effective accumulated temperature of ornamental crabapple varieties,which was important for the prediction of flowering phase. The results showed that:(1) The correlation coefficient of biological zero temperature between simplified method and original method was 0.998(P<0.01), and the residual value was between-0.2 and 0.6. (2) The total 65 varieties could be divided into 3 groups according to the charac-teristics of effective accumulated temperature,which were low effective accumulated temperature group(25.28-145.46℃),moder-ate effective accumulated temperature group (51.16-225.4 ℃) and high effective accumulated temperature group(311.66-448.76℃),respectively. (3) The effective accumulated temperature of the varieties decreases exponentially (y=3 618.5e-0.242x, R2=0.969 6) with their biological thresholds. But high discreteness and low coupling degree existed in high and moderate effective accu-mulated temperature groups(R2=0.789 3), while low discreteness and high coupling degree existed in low effective accumulated temperature groups(R2=0.982 2). (4)There existed significant correlation between effective accumulated temperature and initial flowering date,but the correlation coefficients was low (r2013=0.764; r2014=0.723; r2015=0.728; r2016=0.671). In summary, the initial flowering date was more stable in the varieties whose biological zero temperatures are<12℃. The prediction model of flower-ing phase with effective accumulated temperature was more suitable to low effective accumulated temperature varieties. Effective ac-cumulated temperature may only be one of the factors affecting initial flowering date of ornamental crabapple.
In order to develop a TaqMan based real-time RT-PCR method for porcine rotavirus,specific primers and probe were de-signed by Oligo7 software targeting the sequences of VP6 gene for porcine rotavirus. The established real-time RT-PCR method could detect at 192 copies.μL-1with high sensitivity. No positive signal was detected from common porcine infectious diseases such as porcine epidemic diarrhea virus,transmissible gastroenteritis virus of swine,classical swine fever virus and Japanese encephalitis vi-rus. A standard curve generated had a wide dynamic range with a linear correlation(R2) of 0.999. Excellent reproducibility was ob-tained for detecting constructed positive plasmids with intra-assay of 0.25%-1.26% and inter-assay of 0.31%-1.49%,respectively. Seventy-nine clinical samples were tested by the development TaqMan based real-time RT-PCR method and conventional RT-PCR method with the positive ratio were 5.06%(4/79) and 7.59%(6/79),respectively. RT-PCR method positive samples were all test-ed positive by the TaqMan based real-time RT-PCR method,with coincidence rate was 100%.The TaqMan based real-time RT-PCR method established in this study may be used for earlier diagnosis for porcine rotavirus.
为了深入研究金秀野生茶树的种质资源,对广西金秀瑶族自治县境内的8个野生茶树群体的茶多酚、氨基酸和生物碱等主要生化特征进行了研究鉴定和遗传多样性分析.结果表明,8个野生茶树群体的生化成分具有丰富的多样性,平均变异系数达到28.03％.多变量的主成分分析表明,前4个主成分包含了茶树群体生化成分的94.81％信息.生化成分聚类分析表明,8个野生茶树群体可分为3大类群,第Ⅰ和Ⅲ类群为红、绿茶兼制的资源,第Ⅱ类群为适制绿茶的资源.对种质资源进行氨基酸、茶多酚、生物碱和酚氨比等主要生化成分分析揭示了茶树品种的适制性和品质特征,并从中筛选出的特异资源可作为下一步育种的材料,不同群体的生化特征研究为今后茶叶的加工提供依据.
以福建海坛岛5个公园为研究对象,采用路线法结合样方法调查公园的植物区系.结果表明:（1） 5个公园共有植物89科208属276种,含野生植物145种、园林植物131种.（2）植物区系中含≥10种的科有菊科、豆科、禾本科、大戟科和桑科,含≥10种的属有榕属,单种科（43.82%）和单种属（79.33%）所占比例较高.（3）公园植物区系地理成分多样,热带性质显著,古老性和特有程度不高.其中,原生植物以泛热带分布为主,国内外来植物主要来源于热带亚洲,国外外来植物主要来源于美洲等偏热带区域.（4）原生植被优势种被外来植物取代,人为引入天竺桂Cinnamomum japonicum和海滨木槿Hibiscus hamabo等滨海特色植物.38.04%的国外外来物种具有入侵倾向,每个公园出现10种以上的入侵植物,在引种与管理过程中应给予充分重视.
The residence right of new generation of migrant workers has private right and social right attribute,which is necessary composition of city integration and has been put into practice in other countries,guaranteeing the new generation of migrant workers residence right has legitimacy,necessity and tendency. The residence right of new generation of migrant workers in self security,unit security and public security are insufficient,constructing safeguard mechanism be imperative. Based on the process of right protection,new generation of migrant workers residence right should be established by legislation,housing rental market should be developed and standardized,the employing units should be encouraged and supervised to assume the responsibility of housing security,legal relief mechanisms such as civil litigation,administrative reconsideration and public interest litigation for residence right should be established.
Implementation of smart surveillance is an effective way to avoid potential hazard within substation. In order to more accurately determine the state of substation staff,which was a motion object in this case,a novel detection method based on Gauss mixture model and Markov random field motion was proposed. First of all,the hue,saturation,value( HSV) color space of the images were preliminarily extracted by Gauss mixture background modeling. Then a segmentation approach based on Markov random field motion was applied to re-extract the HSV image,which was followed by shadow elimination referring to respective motion templates. Experimental results comfirmed that the proposed method was capable of precisely detecting the state of moving objects within substation in different background,which laid a sound foundation for behavior analysis of motion object and image stitching.
ZnO nanoparticle composed of ferroelectric Bi3.6Eu0.4Ti3O12(BEuT) thin film was synthesized on quartz substrate by a chemical solution deposition method. Photoluminescence study showed that Eu3+ light emitting was highly enhanced by incoporating ZnO nanoparticle into BEuT thin film. Emission intensity of this noval nanocomposite was about 35 times stronger than that of regular BEuT thin film. This improvement was likely attributed to high efficiency of energy transfer from ZnO to Eu3+.
21 strains of bacteria were isolated and identified from the intestinal tract of sexually matured female Bactrocera tau which were reared in the laboratory using traditional isolation and 16S rDNA ( V6-V8 hypervariable region) sequencing technique. All bacteria strains belonged to the Gamma-proteobacteria phylum, which included Enterobacter (7 strains), Raoultella (3 strains), Serratia ( 2 strains) , Providencia ( 2 strains) , Acinetobacter ( 1 strain) , Citrobacter ( 1 strain) , Cedecea ( 1 strain) and uncultured bacteria (4 strains). Similarly, 20 bacteria strains were isolated and identified from male B.tau and they also belonged to Gamma-proteobacteria phylum, which consisted of bacteria (7 strains), Klebsiella (4 strains), Enterobacter (3 strains), Providencia (2 strains), Serratia (1 strain ), Morganella (1 strain), Pseudomonas (1 strain ) and gamma Proteobacterium (1 strain). Bacteria genus which both females and males had in common were Enterobacter, Providencia and Serratia, which all belonged to Enterobacte-riaceae. To summarize, Enterobacteriaceae was the dominant bacterium in intestinal tract of B.tau.
The idea of sharing development displays the special meaning of socialist development justice and distribution justice,and reflects political wisdom and political rationality of the Communist Party of China in leading contemporary construction. Besides,the idea of sharing development is turning into practical rationality and action principle for contemporary governance through top-level design and series of institutional arrangements,and is of great significance for guidance. From the perspective of governance,the idea of sharing development has the demands of increasing the whole peopleu0027 s feeling of gaining,decreasing the intensity of social contradictions and causing the effect of releasing of residents deposit. Therefore, the government has to accelerate sharing development based on peopleu0027s livelihood and welfare.
