The 3 factors of the classic model (maximal oxygen uptake [VO2max], fractional utilization of VO2max at the anaerobic threshold, and running economy [RE]) are well known to be the determinants of isolated distance running performance. However, no previous studies appear to have investigated the relationship between all 3 factors and running performance in the Olympic-distance triathlon (ODT). We therefore investigated this relationship by conducting 2 studies. In study I, the relationship between the 3 factors of the classic model and running performance in actual ODT races was investigated in 16 male triathletes. In study II, the relationship between the three factors and running performance in simulated ODT races with controlled exercise intensities, pedaling cadence, and carbohydrate intake during the swim and bike legs was investigated in 8 male triathletes. The 3 factors were quantified using a treadmill incremental test following the same protocol in each study. Simple correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed using the forced entry method. The independent variables were the 3 factors of the classic model, and the dependent variable was running performance in the ODT races. In study I, no significant correlation was found between the 2 measurements (p＞0.05). Furthermore, no significant multiple correlation coefficient was obtained (R＜0.54, p＞0.05), and＜10.7% of the running performance was attributable to the 3 factors. In study II, by contrast, a significant correlation was found between RE and running performance (r = 0.79, p = 0.02). In addition, a significant multiple correlation coefficient was obtained (R = 0.91, p = 0.05), and 69.9% of the running performance in the simulated ODT race was attributable to the three factors. In conclusion, we suggest that in the ODT the 3 factors of the classic model explain interindividual variation in running performance. However, in an actual ODT race, the relationship between the 3 factors and running performance may weaken owing to the residual effects of prior swimming and cycling.
：In this study, we examined international research findings on sport and well-being (WB) using multiple review methods to identify trends and issues for future empirical research.To this end, we adopted three review methods: 1) a quantitative review, 2) a review of "review articles," and 3) a scoping review of empirical studies.Below is a summary of the results.1) Counting keywords in the reviewed articles, words related to sport, such as "exercise" and "physical activity," were more frequently used compared to those associated with WB, such as "quality of life."Concerning sports, many studies used "well-being," "play," and "leisure."Concerning WB, many studies used "quality of life," "exercise," "physical activity," and "fitness."2) From collecting review articles and organizing their contents, we identified the following target categories: (1) people in need of treatment, (2) children, (3) older adults,
