This study sought to carry an evaluation of benchmarking contribution to overall organization development: case of Bamburi Cement Limited Athi-River Branch. Stratified Simple Random sampling technique was used to select respondents from Bamburi Cement Limited. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied and Statistics Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) for windows version 20.0 was used for analysis. The study noted that Benchmarking allows organizations to set realistic, rigorous new performance targets, and this process helps convince people of the credibility of these targets. It helps management to understand that there are other organizations that know and do job better than their own organization, thus the study concludes that Benchmarking had appositive impact on organization development in Bamburi cement limited. The study further found out the following; benchmarking is not new but a technique that has become popular in the cement industry in Kenya. Despite the fact that companies in Kenya have involved in both internal and external benchmarking practices, there has been lack of involvement of both internal and external benchmarking experts. Companies that implemented more of the benchmarking best practices were more likely to achieve improved organizational development. Based on the research findings, the research made the following recommendations; first, the benchmarking team should include a divergent set of views and experiences. Apart from the senior management, an effective team should incorporate the view of other employees especially from the benchmarking target area/department. Not involving employees during the process may not be a good idea. Ultimately, these employees will need the information to improve the process. Second, there is a need for training and skills development. It is also important to promote the fact that benchmarking can be used across all areas of an organization, is effective and can help improve performance. The management of Bamburi cement limited should enhance benchmarking levels in order to allow the organization to define specific gaps in performance and to select the processes to improve as these gaps provide objectives and action plans for improvement at all levels of organization and promote improved performance for individual and group participants.
High Performance is a, comprehensive system that aligns People, Strategy, and Processes to achieve company’s goal through continual improvement in performance and ultimately leading to both employee and customer satisfaction. It is a situation, which every team should strive to reach. The study was undertaken to access the present performance of the HR staff of HCL Technologies Limited, BPO Services, N5, & to provide practical recommendations and suggestions that would help in transforming the present HR team into High Performance Team. The process involved preparation of questionnaire and floating them among the HR staff in order to assess their performance on the parameters of innovation, people participation, personal responsibility, trust etc. which are essential elements in creating High Performance Team. To conclude, the present HR team has individuals who perform, i.e. the individual members have the ability, normal motivation level, organization support in performing their functions. But it lacked certain characteristics which are essential to be a good performing team, like- positive synergy, communicate openly & honestly, sublimate personal goals for the good of the team, perform collectively to attain objectives.
Today, information technology (IT) is universally regarded as an essential tool in enhancing the competitiveness of the economy of a country. There is consensus that IT has significant effects on the productivity of firms. These effects will only be realized if, and when, IT are widely spread and used. It is essential to understand the determinants of IT adoption. Consequently, it is necessary to know the theoretical models. This study therefore sought to critically analyse adoption of modern technology and its impact on financial performance of telecommunication industry in Rwanda. The target population was the Managers in different managerial levels of MTN and TIGO RWANDA. This included 48 managers from MTN and 36 at TIGO. In this study 50% of a population of 84 managers gave a sample size of 42 respondents which was statistically significant for this study. The data that was collected through questionnaires was edited to get the relevant data from the study. The edited data was coded for easy classification in order to facilitate tabulation. Descriptive data was analyzed qualitatively and the results provided in the form of explanatory notes. The study used statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 to analyze the data. The findings from this research revealed that Adoption of modern technology in MTN and TIGO has a strong relationship with financial performance. Information technology has become a core element and component of any organization in the modern world. The study established that modern technology adoption mechanisms were satisfactory at MTN by and unsatisfactory at TIGO according to the responses of the obtained. Information technology has become a core element and component of any organization in the modern world. Organizations that seek to remain relevant in the current market place have no option but to embrace modern technology adoption. Correlation results led to conclusion that the relationship between modern technology adoption and organization performance is positive and significant. The findings imply that modern technology adoption has a significant effect performance of telecommunications firms in Rwanda. The telecommunication firms must keep abreast with new trends in the industry. The management of these organizations should approve the ICT budgets to acquire new software to fully automate its operations which will then form a platform from where new products will be served. Further modern technology should be adopted for removal of manual processes and implementation of cloud computing. With modern technology adoption the firms will ease their communication with their staff, suppliers and customers.
The human rights established to protect the individuals from violations of human rights, but the humanitarian law requires appropriate mechanisms to enforce the law. For a long time, the international law lacked sufficient mechanisms to hold individuals accountable for the most serious international crimes. Some of the most heinous crimes were committed during the conflicts which marked the twentieth century. Unfortunately, many of these violations of international law have remained unpunished. The Nuremberg and Tokyo tribunals were established in the wake of the Second World War. In 1948, when the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide was adopted, the United Nations General Assembly recognized the need for a permanent international court to deal with the kinds of atrocities which had just been perpetrated through time.
The purpose of the study is to measure employee satisfaction in two organizations viz, Jet Airways and Air India. The aim of the study is to analyze which parameters play an important role in determining overall Employee Satisfaction. The research design is descriptive in nature. The sample size is 60. Non Comparative scaling technique has been used. Conclusively it may be stated that Employee Satisfaction is a multidimensional phenomenon with a number of factors operating simultaneously. Air India needs to work hard so as to keep their employees satisfied as low satisfaction can lead to high attrition rate.
Social media are changing the communication strategies of companies and companies may use so many social media platforms today, to interact with their stakeholders. But it’s doubtful whether the companies actually have the exact understanding of the real purpose of use of social media platforms. Accordingly, this study aims to provide empirical findings on how far Sri Lankan public quoted companies applying the corporate social media strategies over their corporate social media behavior with special reference to the Facebook. Thus, this study fills a gap in the literature by exploring the contradictory results on the same topic using a sample of Sri Lankan public quoted companies. The study provide an initial assessment of corporate Facebook usage by Sri Lankan public quoted companies under entertainment, informational and relational and transactional values; based on the uses and gratification theory. Data were collected online from 42 corporate Facebook pages, and for the purpose of comparison eleven number of Fortune500 company (corporate) Facebook pages have used. The study presented an important step forward in understanding the level and purpose of corporate Facebook usage of Sri Lankan public quoted companies which will highlight the corporate sector strategies on social media involvement today. The study found that many of the Sri Lankan public quoted companies are representing the informational level on their corporate Facebook usage. This is a preliminary and exploratory study of the levels of corporate Facebook usage.
This study treats high-tech industry as subject and probes into effects of organizational learning and leadership style on e-commerce application degree and correlation between e-commerce application degree and operating performance. According to research findings, when e-commerce application degree is higher, it is more likely to positively and significantly influence operating performance. Organizational learning enhances practice of e-commerce. Higher involvement of leadership style significantly and positively influences e-commerce application degree. High-tech firms can reinforce operating performance by application of e-commerce, emphasis of organizational learning and increase of leadership style.
A plethora body of research in the field of educational psychology is paying attention to the exploration of the ways in which motivational and cognitive elements of academic learning interactively influence achievement. The aim of the present study was to investigate the interplay between students' self-regulation and their achievement goal-orientations (mastery, performance, and avoidance). It was a survey research conducted in three pre university classrooms in Chenaran, a city in Khorasan Razavi, Iran. The subjects were 71 female students. They were requested to complete the "Achievement Goal-orientations Questionnaire" and "Self-Regulation Trait Questionnaire". The results revealed not only a significant correlation between self-regulation and mastery but also between self-regulation and performance. Nevertheless, no significant correlation was found between the avoidance goal and self-regulation. It implies students who seek to enhance their competence and to maintain a positive image of their competence tend to regulate and plan their thoughts, feelings, and actions in attaining personal goals and in adjusting their actions to achieve desired outcomes.
Consumption is integral part of human life. This process is regulated by objective material needs, by social and economic conditions and also by irrational cravings and marketing manipulations. Main aim of this paper is to show irrational manifestations of consumption in different economic systems. Consumption is often displayed into extremes. On the one hand, insufficient purchasing of basic items, underfeeding, lack of goods, on the other hand, immoderate consumption of luxury items, purchasing of unnecessary things, throwing out of qualitative goods. Consumption reflects virtues and defects of human nature. It leads to discordant results for society and environment. However, today global economy aimed at demand stimulation.
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between market orientation and its three dimensions with firm performance. The study employed a cross sectional research design, using a structured questionnaire survey with a sample of 367 SMEs fully operational in Pakistan. A total of 213 valid questionnaires were completed and returned representing 58 per cent response rate. The results indicate that market orientation as a construct has a significant relationship and influence on performance of SMEs. Multiple regression results indicate that all the three dimensions of market orientation have significant influence on performance. The study will benefit SME managers, business practioners and government at various levels and will also serve as a frame of reference for future studies. Future recommendations are also provided for researchers.
Architecture is one of the important branches of human’s art and civilization, which has been the focus of many communities for thousands of years. Over time, Iran’s architecture has been developed, evolved and changed out of the impact of various cultural factors and geographical situation and now we are observing a range of works in Iran. In the 1st century A.H. when Arabs had nearly converted to Islam, they set off to build mosques for fire-temples. Although Islam was developed in Saudi Arabia, home to first mosques, they were influenced by Byzantine and Iran architecture due to lack of architecture techniques in early days of Islam. Since no Islamic land could have continued without mosques, many mosques were constructed across Iran with the beginning of the conquest of Iran. Now, there are a few left. They bear similarities and differences with each other in terms of plans, naves, architecture style, materials, and decorations. Architectural design and new elements have been added to the mosques’ architecture and porticos, minarets and arches have influenced the mosques. The architecture of first four centuries continues that of the Sassanid architecture.
The main goal of this study was to examine the relationship between EFL learners’ listening strategy use (cognitive, metcognitive, and socioaffetive) and their listening anxiety level in the classroom situation. In this study, the Persian version of 'Foreign Language Listening Anxiety Scale (FLLAS)' for Iranian EFL learners at the beginning level of English learning was validated. The Persian version of FLLAS was administered to 200 high school students in Mashhad, a city in Northeast of Iran. The results of Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) and reliability indices demonstrated the validity and reliability of the scale. To measure strategy use, the 'Listening Strategy Questionnaire (LSQ)’ designed based on Vandergrift’s (1997a) listening strategies model was utilized. The Persian version of the scale validated by Ghanizadeh and Babaei (forthc.) was utilized. It contains 20 items in three different components, cognitive, metacognitive and socio affective strategies. The results of correlation indicated that there was a negative relationship between the learners’ listening strategy use and their listening anxiety level. The anxious students used listening strategies less than the more relaxed learners.
Students’ development phase is the period of developing mental and moral skills of students so that they are able to better think, decide and strengthen their character and abilities. Pakistan is lacking in providing quality and justified education. This research will explore the factors which are responsible for the development of students and specify the hidden forces that affect the students’ development in a negative way. The main intention of this study is to find out the relationship among reward and recognition, teacher training, research and development, and student development. For this purpose two institutes were selected for the analysis. The findings of this study are that teachers in Pakistan are getting training, reward and recognition but students are not developing their abilities due to the fact that teachers are not taking their job responsibilities properly. Research and development have positive impact on the students’ development. Because of research, students can enhance their knowledge skills and abilities as well as have a sense of social responsibility.
This study assessed the impact of the components of Intellectual Capital (Human Capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital and Innovation Capital) of Companies listed on the Nigerian Stock Exchange with a view to determining their association with financial performance. The study adopted multiple regression analysis in analyzing data collected from annual reports and accounts of the sampled companies to determine the continue effect of intellectual capital on financial performance among the 182 listed companies. Based on this, the study found out that the integrated effect of the components (Human capital, structural capital, relational capital and innovation capital) made about 40% contribution to the variance in financial performance of the companies. The study developed a model for understanding the IC components and their effect on organization financial performance. The application of this is that investment in IC can contribute to over 40% of change in financial performance consequent upon this, it is recommended that Nigerian listed companies should substantially invest in IC to help boost companies’ financial configuration.
The contemporary environmental flux prevailing within the global economic and political climate requires substantial flexibility and responsiveness from organizations wishing to survive its consequences for longevity. Enterprises operating within the context of such rapid change and instabilities must equip themselves to face both the risks and rewards that may accrue from its prevailing uncertainties. Therefore, organizational leaders have a serious challenge to make themselves aware of both the emerging possibilities and pitfalls that may await their businesses. Meandering through the streams of opportunities may not come easy. It requires that leaders understand the destructive nature of globalization to include socio-cultural, technological, and location disparities and to find ways to maximize these challenges for positive effects. Leaders thus have a duty to be both strategic and operational in their outlook on how they will endeavor to optimize the benefits of globalization to their organizations’ advantage.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the bullwhip effect in supply chain demand changes of spinning and weaving company in Behris. This research has the objective correlative research performed in this field. The population of the research staff of the Behris is 210 of. The population size of 136 individuals was selected by Morgan. The survey questionnaire was used to collect data. Also, the validity and reliability of the questionnaire by the professors are determined by Cronbach's alpha was calculated. Coefficient obtained from the questionnaire was confirmed 0.81. The data obtained from the questionnaire using SPSS computer software partitioning analysis is the study of descriptive and using student t-test and Friedman are tested. The alpha level was considered as 0.05. The results showed that all six of the bullwhip effect, including an updated forecast demand, those orders, plays shortages, changes in price, and the expected waiting time of the data. The variability of demand in the supply chain of spinning and weaving of Behris has a significant effect. The Friedman test was found that changes in the price of the more important aspects. And the least important data expected later in the staff.
One of the very important and crucial tasks in connection with the discussion of architecture and urbanism is, implementing regulations and current patterns of architecture and urbanism with the “No harm” rule that is the most famous Islamic legal rules .One of the advantages of this rule is that takes precedence on the ownership rule. On the other hand No harm rule is established to limit the authority of ownership rule. That is in the Islamic tradition to spend owner of the land, persons cannot be able to do any exercise in their property. Under this rule, the seizure of private property shall be based on a principles and rules, which will not cause harm to others, whether it be material or spiritual harm. The first step is to investigate the current situation of the cities, especially large cities such as Tehran, and its implementation with the No harm rule. In case of conflict with this rule, is to reach to the appropriate patterns for architecture that is consistent with rules and regulations. And therefore, the No harm rule can be used as basic principles of rules and regulations of urban planning and Islamic architecture.
Micro and small enterprises sector is recognized as growth and development engines long ago and countries are benefiting from it by designing various development strategies for this sector. This sector contributes to unemployment reduction at a remarkable level. This study will attempt to assess and analyze factors resulted in success of micro and small enterprises in Arbaminch town, Ethiopia. The intention of this study is to provide the understanding on how people should start their business by looking at all the factors affecting business success/failure and hence help reducing the risk of failure and increase chances of success. In terms of theoretical significance, these studies help to fill the gap in the body of knowledge in the success of micro and small enterprises. Therefore, the study has examined five proxy factors that influence the micro and small enterprises. These factors are Entrepreneurial characteristics, marketing factors, government regulation, and social network. Based on the objective of the study, in the study primary data was employed and five hypotheses developed were tested with SPSS version 16 using bivariate logistic regression and multivariate logistic regression. As per the results of the regression excluding the hypothesis was found to support the researcher priori expectation and meaning that firms initial size, firms year of operation, market information, usage of business plan and involvement in social networking has a statistically significant impact on firm success. While no statistically significant association was found with owners/managers entrepreneurial trait and access to training.
The aim of the study is to find out the degree of influence of different factors affecting talent management. And to suggest some measures to increase the talent management by strengthen the HR factors taken under study. It is a descriptive study. The organization studied is Omaxe Ltd, Delhi. The sample size of the study is 30. The study indicates that talent management procedure has been effective and systematic to a large extend. Nevertheless, there has been more apprehension/disagreement from some quarters/section of the employees. This is indicative of the fact that there’s always a room for improvement and enhancement. Referral should be taken on priority basis as it is a speedy source of recruitment and gives the sense of loyalty among the employees. Performance appraisal should be undertaken on regular basis and proper feedback on performance should be given by the superior.
Foreign direct investment has been proven as key to success for China. China has attracted lot of foreign direct investment from the developed countries in the last few decades. Chinese government also encouraged the Chinese companies to investment out of mainland China like USA, European countries, Japan, Hong Kong and Macao. Now it has also expanded the scope of foreign direct investment to neighboring and developing countries including countries in the regions of Asia, Africa and Eastern Europe. With the help of foreign direct investment, China has made tremendous progress in various areas including exports, use of local resources, manufacturing, processing, agricultural cooperation, research and development etc. This tremendous progress has encouraged the state towards development. The experience of China in attracting foreign investments is the richest experiences for China, as China has made impressive achievements by opening up the great China to the outside world. According to official sources, China is the second most attractive country for foreign direct investment after the United States of America. According to some other sources, China occupies third place after the United States and Britain, and the first among developing countries. All this information and development encourage me to write this paper. The sequence of chapters is as follows. In the first chapter, I will trace the development of foreign direct investment. In the second chapter, I will discuss the measures taken to encourage the foreign direct investment. I think it is very important issue as it has opened the door between China and outside world. In the third chapter, I will discuss that which procedure should be followed to attract more foreign direct investment in China. In the last chapter, the role of international Legislation in foreign investment will be discussed.
