One of the most serious crime or offenses against public health is the manufacture, distribution, and sale of fake medications and other medical supplies.The act of "deliberately and fraudulently mislabeling pharmaceuticals with respect to their identity or source" is known as drug counterfeiting.Both branded and generic products can be counterfeited, including those that have incorrect components, insufficient active substances, or none at all.Legitimate medications that have reached their expiration date may be included.In certain cases, low quality is noted along with a bogus expiration date.Treatment failure, end organ damage, toxicity, loss of confidence, illness escalation, and occasionally significant financial loss are all consequences and dangers of using counterfeit pharmaceuticals.The majority of current solutions either rely heavily on computational resources or are purely theoretical research.The deadly threat of drug counterfeiting needs to be reduced, and there is a need for a more secure, scalable, but simple to implement solution.Therefore, this study describes the creation of a system for detecting fake drugs that combines blockchain technology with QR codes and SnapTags.The proposed system performs admirably in comparison to some of the current related systems, even surpassing some of them.
This paper proposed an effective switching technique between Overlay Cognitive Radio (OCR) and Underlay Cognitive Radio (UCR) in a wireless communication system.The availability of white or brown space is achieved using energy detector and the system switches to overlay approach when there is presence of white space, and instantly switches to underlay approach when there is presence of brown space based on the switching algorithm.Also, Hybrid Decode Amplify and Forward (H-DAF) cooperative relay technique is incorporated to enhance the coverage area of the cognitive user.During the underlay approach, the received signal at the relay node is decoded, amplified, and coded using CDMA before forwarding to the CU receiver.The proposed spectrum management system is simulated using MATLAB R2021a and evaluated using Throughput (TP) and Spectral Efficiency (SE) by comparing with the existing overlay and underlay CR approach.The simulated outcomes showed the designed system demonstrated improved switching system and performances than the existing techniques with highest TP and SE values and can be adopted in wireless communication designs for effective frequency spectrum usage.
The rapid advancement of information and communication technology (ICT) has revolutionized communication and streamlined various tasks.With the widespread use of mobile phones by over 6 billion people globally, they have become the dominant means of communication and an essential personal tool.As mobile devices store sensitive personal data, ensuring data security has become paramount due to the rising incidence of digital crimes and the increasing reliance on these devices.While passwords and PINs have been employed as data security measures, research has indicated their vulnerability to attacks, highlighting the need for alternative techniques.In response to these challenges, this work introduces an Android application called 'The Hider', which uses the concept of image steganography for secure communication for Android phone users.The application is developed using Dart, a modern programming language, while the user interface (UI) is built with Flutter, a framework known for creating visually appealing and responsive interfaces.The proposed application utilizes cover images in formats like JPEG, PNG, or BMP to conceal both text and files, employing the AES encryption method.To enhance security, the application incorporates a secret key for encryption and decryption, along with a biometric feature that verifies the user's fingerprint.Considering these features, 'The Hider' application is recommended for all Android users seeking enhanced data security and privacy.
