Digital forensics concerns about extracting and analyzing the contents of digital devices. It is used to locate digital evidences in order to support legal actions against criminals in the court of law. This paper utilizes file carving techniques to extract digital evidences in the RAM about opened PDF files. This paper observes that PDF files consist of objects. Each object is marked with special indicators that mark its start and end. These indicators are used to locate and extract the objects of a PDF file from the RAM. We design several experiments and show that carving PDF files from the RAM is possible evenafter closing the PDF file viewer.
Computer network is a major venue for malware to spread out and infect new victims. Many effective countermeasures against attacks are deployed at different network boundaries. Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), Intrusion Prevention Systems (IPS), and Firewalls are among such security controls. The Antivirus (AV) software is widespread among end-users and deployed as a last line of defense against threats. Even effective at detecting attacks, popular AVs only detect malware if it is written to or read from the Hard Disk. Unfortunately, as already reported by a previous research, data sent (or received) through networks is not scanned by the AV. An exact reason of this weird behavior can only be speculated. Nevertheless, we believe that this problem should be approached. This paper proposes a novel approach to detect malware sent (or received) through networks.
The paper discusses the feasibility of constructing a SQL Server FILESTREAM based English language learning system (ELLS). The paper focuses on the analysis and design phase of the system. It explains the prospect of storing and managing unstructured data (e.g. Images, video, Word, Excel, PDF, MP3, etc) for educational purposes using FILESTREAM technique provided by SQL Server 2012, and how to maintain efficient storage and access to BLOB data. However, Storing unstructured data posed many challenges, such as how to maintain transactional consistency between the structured and unstructured data, how to manage backup, restore, and storage performance. The paper seeks to utilise the combination of SQL Server 2012 features and the NTFS (new technology file system) to overcome these issues and attempt to improve the efficiency and performance of the ELLS for children. The system also seeks to maintain the transactional consistency between the unstructured data and corresponding structured data. Several UML analysis techniques have been used to illustrate the analysis of the system requirements such as the Use Case diagrams, Sequence diagrams, Activity diagrams and Class diagrams. The database design of the system is also presented in this paper.
Logic minimization is used for solving many problems such as design of logic circuits in logic synthesis and attribute reduction, rule induction and query optimization in information systems. Since exact logic minimization is a NPhard problem, usually logic minimization problems are solved by the heuristics approaches among which the most frequently used one is the sequential covering strategy. In our opinion, the most efficient approach to realization of this strategy is the reduced off-set based-direct cover minimization developed for logic synthesis. But this approach works in the search space of size 4 that makes the minimization process very complex. We show that this problem may be reduced in a large scale by reducing the search space from 4 to 2. But this causes to generating the results in an incompletely specified form. We show that this problem may be solved by a simple rule.
Nowadays, with the rapid growth in technologies, which depend on computers systems and networks, threats are also increasing enormously. So, a huge number of approaches have been developed to protect systems and networks and to increase the security since it is an essential requirement in the majority of the applications. In this paper, a statistical Naive Bayesian method is applied in an IDS system using different scenarios. The performance of the IDS is measured through experiments using NSL-KDD dataset.
The process of eliciting and aggregating experts opinions becomes very important in many application fields. It plays a crucial role for getting relevant information and making decision. Usually, experts prefer to give their opinions qualitatively using natural language. For making decision, these qualitative opinions are generally transformed into quantitative beliefs, in order to combine them using evidence theory. The major drawback of this transformation process is the possibility of modification or even lost of information. Dealing with this problem, we propose in this paper, to avoid this transformation process by combining qualitatively experts preferences using qualitative conjunctive and disjunctive rules of combination.
Grid is a heterogeneous and very dynamic environment where a scalable authorization system is needed. Existing grid authorization systems adopt mechanisms for storing resources’ security policies that suffer from huge repetitions while checking security rules. To overcome this problem, the Hierarchical Clustering Mechanism (HCM) was introduced. When HCM is used to find the SET of resources which the user is authorized to access, it tremendously reduces the redundancy in checking security rules compared to the classical methods (the Brute Force Approach and the Primitive Clustering Mechanism (PCM)). However, HCM demands a centralized authorization database where all the resources’ security policies have been kept in order to build its decision tree which is difficult to achieve in a heterogeneous environment like the grid. Moreover, HCM adds extra complexity when it is used in case of SINGLE resource authorization scenarios, which may happen very frequently in the grid. This paper tries to address these issues of HCM and comes up with an efficient solution.
This paper deals with the synthesis of an Internal Model Control (IMC) applied to the current and speed of a drive permanent magnet synchronous machine. The designed IMC controller enhances significantly the closed loop performance of the speed and greatly simplifies the conception process. Limits of control parameters that ensure the training stability are derived. The experimental results were carried out on a permanent magnet synchronous machine in order to show the effectiveness of IMC controller design.
Occupational safety and health (OSH) management has been known as a crucial way to maintain human resources and thus achieve sustainable management. In an era of change, technology has made many jobs more simple and efficient, yet it has also brought new challenges to OSH management. In this paper, the author uses OSH management in China as an example to show how technology affected OSH management, using data from 1950-2010. The purpose of this article is to examine how technology has affected China's OSH management and also to suggest several alternative approaches to maintaining a safe workplace. A study of China's data shows that there is a link between OSH management and some other factors. Technology, government regulation and enterprise responsibility are all relative factors. The article presents China's example of OSH management using industrial injury data that illustrate mistakes to avoid and the affirmative method to take when developing a sustainable enterprise in this changing era.
From the case of the rise of China's wind power firms in the global market within a short period, we try to recognize how the absorptive and transformative capacity of Chinese local players leads to disruptive innovations. Through this evolutionary process Chinese wind turbine manufacturers quickly improved their global competitiveness. This opens many new doors for research opportunities. For example, what role do foreign technology partners play in this game? How does the technology transfer process occur? What is the S-learning curve of local players? How does localization of industrial value chain change? How do Chinese suppliers leverage the advantage of foreign technologies and markets? How does industry policy shape innovation within an emerging industry? Overall, our case study provides a rich amount of Chinese innovations phenomena that are increasingly relevant in the global competitive arena.
Environmental impact and climate change are observable consequences of industrial development. It is widely acknowledged that the resulting ecological footprint (in terms of resource use and waste generation) presents a challenge to sustained human existence. This paper proposes that organizational learning should emphasize sustainability performance for technology-savvy businesses, and the discourse is focused on the concept of eco-innovation at the firm-level.
Although “sustainability” is most often used to describe environmental and energy issues, this paper asserts that one of the greatest threats to sustainability in any form is the failure of organizational strategies, policies, and initiatives to translate into actual project execution and work results that are consistent with those ideals. This paper discusses this gap between strategic priorities and actual project execution, and considers the concept as well as proposes a measurement of “strategic alignment” that facilitates more sustainable alignment of project portfolio execution. I provide the initial mathematical and practical justification for a simple measure of the degree to which actual project work in a project portfolio “aligns” with strategic priorities. A case study is reported to illustrate the practical utility and elegance of the approach.
Whereas the systems of innovation thinking seeks to bridge the gap between technology sources and commercial exploitation, however, the effectiveness of such conceptual constructs and the corresponding policy interventions remains a subject of intense discussion in both developed and developing countries. This paper contains a brief review of some of the factors that influence the commercialization of indigenous technologies from a developing country perspective. The discussion is focused on three examples of technologies arising out of natural advantages in a case study country. Drawing from our interviews with the role players that were involved, we identify the factors that respectively had the most limiting influence in terms of commercial exploitation of each of the indigenous technologies.
This investigation identified factors in the initial phase of the product development process that influence product development success. Specific factors that were investigated included new product strategic fit, product definition, project definition, and project roles. Both external market based performance and project internal operational based performance were included in the analyses. Generalizability analyses were conducted and the relationship between front-end factors and product development performance were found to be generalizable across three levels of product innovation.
Most of the developing countries and other underserved segments around the globe are re-inventing the wheel in their efforts to launch eServices - especially in the areas of healthcare, education, economic development, public welfare, and public safety. Due to the unnecessary trial and error, the failure rates in these segments are very high (around 80%). Unfortunately, these segments also lack educational and financial resources to improve their situation. A Computer Aided Strategic Planning, Architecture and Management Environment - spinoff of the GAID eNabler Project - has been developed to address this problem for global equality. This Environment - endorsed by more than 100 countries - quickly produces highly customized plans for the type of service as well as the country/region by using the latest thinking in the field. It significantly reduces trial and error and is being used very effectively to educate as well as assist individuals in different countries to accelerate progress in crucial areas.
This paper investigates the effect of knowledge spillovers from academia to industry by focusing on patents transferred from universities to enterprises. In many studies, joint patent applications are utilized to measure the economic effects of academia-industry alliance, since such patents are considered to be one of the most significant research outputs. However, in reality, most important scientific or technological results of joint research are considered to be transferred from universities to companies for a fee before related patent applications are filed.On the basis of quantitative analysis of patent data in Japan, it is shown that, at least for enterprises, knowledge flows of transferred patents play a more significant role than those concerning joint applications. Since both the patent allowance rate and the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) application rate of transferred patents are larger than those of joint applications, it is suggested that, on average, higher marks are given for transferred patents both by examiners and enterprises. In addition, we discuss how the detailed differences in open innovation strategies of each company can be depicted by utilizing the shares of transferred patents.
This article covers the linkage of science and technology, and the decision-making of management on the road from research and development (R&D) to industry. We selected Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL) as a case study. VCSEL is well-known as one of most successful Japanese inventions in the field of opto-electronic semiconductor devices. "Although Japan has been playing a leading role in VCSEL technology, why is VCSEL business successful in the USA and not in Japan?" To give a solution to this question, we analyze technical papers and patents, and at the same time we pay such attention to the academia-industry-government alliance and mobilization of key people, in the USA and Japan, respectively. After that we discuss this case from a viewpoint of innovation management strategies.
That would be very hard to find a strategic planning model which is not taking capabilities of the firm into account at least in some degree. Results of this capability assessment, combining to inputs of market analysis, would form future strategies of the firm. Some of the theories like resource-based theories or dynamic capabilities theories have more emphasize on the firm's capabilities, while in other views such as Porter's 5-forces model, still capabilities are key parts of decision making and strategy planning process. But when it reaches to the assessment of the capabilities of a firm, barely a clear and comprehensive model could be found. This study aims to search around all the existing technological capabilities assessment (TCA) models, and find out each-one's pros and cons.
In August 2011, approximately 2.8% of US engineers and scientists were unemployed for more than 15 weeks. The corresponding percentage across all occupations was slightly over 5%. At the same time, almost 90% of recent engineering and science graduates from some top US research universities had job or school plans in place before graduation. The majority of these new-grads enter the workforce without years of industry experience. This paper presents five attributes of these new-grads that make them more hirable than some of the experienced technology workers they may be competing with. However, these attributes can be modified and adopted by the experienced workers themselves. Five actions are proposed for experienced engineers and scientists to take to recapture and maintain the global competitiveness that top US engineering and science new-grads have enjoyed, even during the recent difficult employment market.
