2023年7月29日至8月1日,受超强台风"杜苏芮"深入内陆影响,京津冀地区遭遇特大暴雨,海河发生流域性特大洪水.研究表明,该事件与华北平原历史上多起重大极端暴雨洪水事件存在共性特征,即均伴有北上台风诱发太平洋水汽输送这一特殊过程.考虑到台风现象的特殊性,综合分析华北平原历次极端暴雨洪水事件的致灾机制,并在此基础上精准完善相关防洪减灾体系,具有十分重要的意义.
Since the implementation of market-oriented practices for river and lake maintenance in Shanghai,there has been a transition from a two-fold"full coverage"(river cleaning and facility maintenance)to an integrated"comprehensive maintenance"that includes"ecological safeguarding,water quality protection,maintenance of green areas,shoreline protection,river surface cleaning,and riverbed training".The achievements have been significant,but there are still blind spots and challenges in river and lake management and maintenance.Based on research into the current situation of maintenance enterprises in Shanghai,this study analyzes the shortcomings and proposes strategies in internal management,workforce development,and technological innovation to fully exploit the benefits of standardized,specialized,and refined management of rivers and lakes.
The basic water situation in China,characterized by summer floods and winter droughts,with water scarcity in the north and abundance in the south,leads to an uneven distribution of water resources in time and space.Conducting inter-basin and inter-regional water transfer is a necessary and effective means to achieve spatial balance of water resources.This paper reviews the basic situation of water transfer project construction in China,analyzes the achievements and existing problems of completed water transfer projects.Considering the new requirements of building a modem and high-quality water conservancy infrastructure network in the new era and the new journey,it assesses the situation and challenges facing water transfer project construction.The paper proposes relevant suggestions for advancing the planning and construction of water transfer projects in China under the new situation,focusing on continuous improvement of completed water transfer projects,expedited construction of backbone water transmission and distribution channels,and enhanced scientific management of water transfer projects.
River ecosystems undergo a series of changes under the influence of strong disturbance behaviors.This paper summarizes the research progress on river ecology both domestically and intemationally,discussing the definition,classification,and ecological features of strongly interfering rivers.A comprehensive framework for the ecological study of strongly interfering rivers is established,covering hydrology,geomorphology,sediment,and biology.A technical system is constructed,encompassing reservoir ecosystems,strongly interfering rivers,fish passes,aquatic biological protection areas,and fish migration.The paper also provides an analysis of its application scenarios.
Strengthening the utilization of reclaimed water is crucial for optimizing the water supply structure,increasing water resource supply,alleviating conflicts in water supply and demand,reducing water pollution,and ensuring water ecological security.Taking Yiwu City in Jinhua City of Zhejiang Province,as a typical case,this study analyzes the development process and current status of reclaimed water allocation in the city.The analysis delves into the main practices in reclaimed water allocation in Yiwu City,covering aspects such as planning layout,management system,standard construction,market incentives,and investment in facility construction and operation.The experiences and insights gained from Yiwu City aim to provide valuable references for the reclaimed water allocation in other regions.
This study examines the evolution of the confluence points of the East Tiaoxi River and the West Tiaoxi River in the Tiaoxi River system,located in the upstream region of the Taihu Lake Basin.The confluence points in Huzhou City,Zhejiang Province,have undergone four changes throughout history.The convergence initially occurred east of the main city at"Sanli Bridge"from around 3000 BC to about 200 AD,then shifted to the area within the main city known as"Jiangzhuhui"around 400 to 1800 AD.After 1958,the confluence point moved west of the main city to"Hangchang Bridge",and after 1993,it shifted north of the main city to"Baiquetang Bridge".Given the historical connection between the Tiaoxi River basin and the Qiantang River basin,learning from international cases of"flood tunnel integration",by diverting mountain floodwater directly into the Qiantang River through tunnels originating from the Qingshan Reservoir in the upstream region of the East Tiaoxi River,we aim to provide a solution for the high-quality integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta,as well as contribute to the construction of happy rivers and lakes and the development of ecological civilization.
Water ecological products constitute a vital segment of ecological products,and the realization of their value contributes significantly to advancing the construction of an ecological civilization.Combining the classification of water ecological products,this study provides tailored market-oriented value realization mechanisms for material supply-type water ecological products,regulatory service-type water ecological products,and cultural service-type water ecological products.Furthermore,it delineates 5 realization pathways,encompassing direct trading of water ecological products,trading of water ecological rights and interests,premium trading of water ecological services,compensation for water ecological protection,and green finance for water ecology.These pathways encompass 15 implementation models,providing practical guidance for tuming"lucid waters and lush mountains"into"invaluable assets".
Safety of reservoirs and dams is critical for safeguarding national water security.Ministry of Water Resources has attached great importance to the safety of reservoir operation and management,with the issue of a series of regulations such as the"Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Water Resources on Accelerating Construction of a Matrix for Modernizing Reservoir Operation and Management"and establishment of the operation and management matrix for modernizing reservoir.The paper makes an introduction on the background,overall requirements,key tasks and suggestion of matrix construction,with relevant suggestions focus on the"four comprehensive"management,"four systems(management)","four pre"measures and"four management"work,so as to provide guidance for improving reservoir operation and management.
继《水利部关于加快构建现代化水库运行管理矩阵的指导意见》(以下简称《指导意见》)出台后,近日,《构建现代化水库运行管理矩阵重点任务分工方案》《构建现代化水库运行管理矩阵先行先试工作方案》也相继印发.确保每一座水库都能安全运行,是在新时代中国式现代化进程中水库运行管理的目标所在,各地水利部门正铆足干劲抓落实,相关建设工作正高标准、高要求地持续推进.
Implementing the concept of"water conservation as a priority,spatial balance,systematic governance,and dual-force efforts"in water management,with the goal of guiding urban construction,the strategic objective for water resources guarantee in Beijing in the new era is proposed:to build a water-saving,finely managed,internationally advanced water-saving city;an ecological city with water-based development,circular connectivity,and water-city integration;a resilient city with multi-water joint regulation,spatial balance,and strong guarantees.Focused on the construction of"three cities"and combined with different circle functions,the water resources guarantee system in Beijing has been deepened and improved to promote the coordinated development of water and cities.
The Pearl River Estuary,situated in the core area of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,stands out as one of the most complex estuarine habitats globally,characterized by a habitat structure that exhibits a high degree of openness,sensitivity,vulnerability,and relatively low stability.The escalating urbanization and continuous expansion of the marine economy in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area have led to an increasing human impact on the Pearl River Estuary ecosystem.Consequently,substantial changes have occurred in the estuarine habitat structure and aquatic biological communities.This article provides a comprehensive overview of the morphological and water environment changes in the Pearl River Estuary,analyzing the influences of human activities and climate change,and presents recommendations for the protection of the aquatic ecosystem in the Pearl River Estuary.It provides strategic references for ecological security of Pearl River Estuary and high-quality development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.
Taxation is one of the most effective means to promote water conservation efforts and is a topic of utmost concern for water-saving enterprises.This study empirically analyzes the policy effects of water-saving tax incentives(tax reductions)for two major taxes:value-added tax and corporate income tax.The results indicate that the water-saving industries related to these two taxes have a scale of 325.5 billion CNY,with a total water-saving tax reduction of 12.16 billion CNY per year.The average tax burden rate for water-saving enterprises has decreased from 9.8％to 6.1％.Addressing the main issues in current water-saving taxation,the paper proposes the comprehensive construction of a water-saving green tax governance system,the improvement of the water-saving green tax mechanism,enhanced promotion and guidance for water-saving taxation,the transformation of water-saving tax policies from"light green"to"deep green",and the profound transformation of the whole society from"I am asked to save water"to"I want to save water".
The deep-hole discharge structure is a crucial component of dams,and clogging can lead to difficulties in gate opening and closing,significantly impacting the safe operation of the dam.This paper summarizes the current state of models for calculating gate opening force in clogged conditions,underwater detection,and cleaning technologies for clogging.It identifies the technical challenges in clearing clogs in deep holes and proposes strategies for underwater environment reconstruction,gate opening force calculation,and equipment for deep-hole dredging.The paper also suggests the need for further research in high-precision underwater environment reconstruction,developing numerical models for gate opening force,and creating integrated cleaning robots for various types of cloggings.These efforts aim to enhance the dam's ability to respond to disasters.
Throughout China's historical practices in water management,a simple systems theory ideology has been prevalent.The Gaoyou Irrigation District,since ancient times,has explored and applied the concept of"preserving water by storage and discharging floodwater".The Li Canal connects the Gaoyou Lake and the Gaoyou Irrigation District through hydraulic facilities like gates,caves,and dams on the east and west embankments,achieving the water resource allocation principle of"preserving water by storage and discharging floodwater",which caters to both irrigation and transportation needs.In the new era,the Gaoyou Irrigation District has inherited and promoted ancient wisdom in water management,addressing the imbalance in spatial and temporal distribution of water resources and enhancing water resource utilization efficiency.
The current state of emergency water supply system construction in rural areas is relatively weak,and enhancing this system is beneficial for improving the emergency water supply capacity in rural regions.This study provides a detailed analysis of the impact of various natural disasters on rural water supply,drawing insights from urban emergency water supply system construction experiences.Considering the specific characteristics of rural emergency water supply,measures and recommendations are proposed for advancing the construction of rural emergency water supply systems.The key strategies include emphasizing top-level design,coordinating resource planning,and fostering collaborative efforts across multiple departments.Guided by the principles of simplicity,practicality,and"routine and emergency dual-use",the establishment of regional or provincial rural emergency rescue centers is proposed to enhance emergency water supply capabilities.Concurrently,efforts should focus on enhancing self-rescue capabilities within water supply facilities,involving measures such as setting up backup water sources,upgrading and renovating water plants,and implementing emergency water purification.
Production and settlement are essential aspects of resettling communities affected by reservoir construction,directly impacting the well-being of migrants and social stability.Traditional approaches to rural resettlement have centered around agricultural land allocation.With the progress of urbanization and economic development,an increasing number of reservoir migrants are opting for monetary compensation-based resettlement.Taking recent reservoir projects in Shandong Province,including Zhuangli Reservoir,Jinshuihe Reservoir,Poyu Reservoir,and Weilou Reservoir,as examples,this study examines the evolving trends in production and settlement methods for large and medium-sized reservoir migrants.These insights can serve as valuable references for the planning,design,and management of land acquisition and resettlement in future large and medium-sized reservoir projects.
The Three Gorges Project is a national treasure.Exploring and continuously contemplating how to better leverage its core role in the joint operation of hydraulic projects in the Yangtze River Basin to enhance disaster prevention and reduction capabilities is a significant task.This paper reviews the research history of the optimal operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir,summarizes the practical results of recent operations in flood control,drought-resistant water supply,power generation,navigation,ecological environment,and emergency response.Analyzing the key issues requiring attention in the current situation of the joint operation of water projects within the Yangtze River Basin,the paper concludes with suggestions for the next steps based on the current operational scenario.
In order to further strengthen the top-level design,the progress of the construction of the happy river and lake was sorted out from the national,basin institutional and local levels.The excellent practices of promoting the construction of the happy river and lake in various regions were summarized,and the existing problems were analyzed.Suggestions were put forward from the aspects of issuing implementation guidelines,optimizing the promotion mode,improving evaluation standards,and expanding the channels of construction management and protection funds.
大藤峡水利枢纽工程是集防洪、航运、发电、水资源配置、灌溉等功能于一体的珠江流域关键控制性工程,工程定位决定了项目法人组建须从流域层面统筹考虑.介绍了大藤峡水利枢纽工程的定位特点、项目法人组建考量及组建模式,总结了项目法人通过严格落实项目法人责任制、招标投标制、建设监理制、合同管理制,建立健全现代化管理体系;通过落实资金来源,实施投资计划和控制及资金管理,为工程建设的顺利完成提供保障.
为了推动智慧水利建设,大藤峡公司以"一台双赋三化四预"为目标,通过搭建数字孪生平台、夯实信息化基础设施、提升业务应用智能化水平、完善网络安全体系、强化内外部系统集成,开展了数字孪生大藤峡技术探索和工程实践,取得了多项技术突破,在防汛、水资源调配、工程安全等业务领域取得了良好的应用成效.
