There are few studies on the richness of social wasps in ecotones, particularly in mining regions. These transitional environments exhibit specific geophysical conditions, host species from both biomes, and can act as barriers to evolutionary processes and gene flow. In view of this, this study aimed to document the occurrence of social wasps by a rapid sampling method in a transition region between the Atlantic Forest and Cerrado in the vicinity of a mining area in Itatiaiu & ccedil;u, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The sampling effort was 24 h, distributed over three field days in December 2022. A total of 18 species were sampled. One noteworthy record is that of Parachartergus smithii (de Saussure, 1854), a rare species in the state, previously documented in an ecotone region between the Caatinga and Cerrado. These findings demonstrate the importance of ecotone systems in supporting the diversity of social wasps.
Spiders are found in diverse natural ecosystems and urban environments, exhibiting a broad variety of morphological characteristics and prey -capture strategies. These arthropods play important functions in trophic chains, acting as both predators and prey, which is of great relevance for ecosystem management and biological control in agricultural systems. This study aimed to identify social wasps captured by Trichonephila clavipes (L., 1767) in anthropogenic areas associated with semideciduous seasonal forest fragments. The study was conducted in 2023 in anthropogenic areas associated with Atlantic Forest fragments in southern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Two individuals of Protopolybia sedula (de Saussure, 1854) were recorded. The specimens were captured in suspended webs of T. clavipes . Given the paucity of information on this interaction, further research is needed to better understand the frequency and impact of the relationship on social wasp populations.
Eugenol is a natural product present in different plant species, especially in the flower buds of Syzygiu Aromatum. This secondary metabolite exhibits antioxidant action, in addition to acting as an anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antibacterial, antifungal, antipyretic, anesthetic and analgesic agent. Given the biological potential of eugenol, the antioxidant activity of eugenol derivatives was evaluated. Thus, eugenol isolated from flower buds of Syzygiu aromaticum was subjected to different types of reactions such as O-alkylation. The eugenol derivatives were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR techniques. The evaluation of antioxidante activity was carried out using the ABTS radical capture assay. Six derivatives were synthesized with yields ranging from 75-92%, which exhibited low antioxidant potential compared to radical capture assays, with EC50 values from 0.085 to 0.327 mg/mL. These results motivate new studies, since the search for new antioxidant agents is extremely necessary in view of the numerous pathologies that are associated with oxidative stress.
Visceral leishmaniasis is considered one of the main neglected tropical diseases of zoonotic character caused by protozoa of the genus Leishmania. Reaching more vulnerable populations and presenting a change in their transmission pattern, affecting urban areas, such as the municipality of Bel & eacute;m in the State of Par & aacute; . This study analyzed epidemiological data of the disease in Bel & eacute;m do Par & aacute; from 2012 to 2022, including factors such as incidence, sex, zone and evolution of cases. Epidemiological study conducted through data obtained from the Par & aacute; State Department of Health, in the period of 10 years.During the research period, 935 cases were diagnosed, reaching a maximum incidence of 8.8 in 2018. Case fatality rates were below national averages in this period, with the exception of 2016. The male, urban and rural areas being more prevalent throughout the period. The positive findings such as the high percentage of evolution of cure of the disease and the low rate of death. Due to the results presented, epidemiological characteristics of the disease is fundamental for the direction of efficient prevention and control strategies. Underscoring the need for integrated approaches, including individual protection measures, vector control and the search for an effective vaccine.
Leishmaniasis is considered by the World Health Organization (WHO) to be one of the most neglected tropical diseases in the world. The host ' s immune response is crucial for parasite elimination and, although the Th1 profile is associated with control of infections, if not modulated, it can cause tissue damage. The treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is still a challenge because it is not adapted to the context of the patients, and is long, toxic and invasive. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the lymphoproliferation and dosage of cytokines induced by bioactive compounds of plant and inorganic origin, with antileishmanial action, through peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of patients with CL. Lymphoproliferation was evaluated against the stimuli from the methanolic extract and fraction of Libidibia ferrea, copper complex and phytohemagglutinin using a BrdU cell proliferation ELISA kit after 72 hours of incubation. The dosage of IL-6, IL-8 and IL1 beta was determined using a BD (TM) cytometric bead array (CBA) human Th1/Th2/Th17 cytokine kit. Our results indicate that the bioactive substances significantly stimulated in vitro lymphoproliferation of PBMCs (Cu(I) p<0.000; LFME p<0.02) and patients showed higher levels of IL-6 and IL-8 before treatment. It is therefore suggested that these bioactive compounds can enhance the cellular immune response.
Sphaerobolus stellatus Tode is a fascinating gasteroid fungus that is distinguished from other fungi by the diminutive morphology of the starry basidiome when mature and its peculiar strategy of spore’s dispersion. This taxon ejects the gleba for a considerable distance as if it was cannon, and therefore is popularly known as artillery fungus. Although the species is cosmopolitan, records are seldom in regions such as South America, and many of them require greater attention due to the absence of important morphological characters. In Brazil, the South American country with most records, the distribution was restricted to a few sites, none of them in the Amazon. This study describes the occurrence of S. stellatus from the Amazon, contributing to the understanding of its geographical distribution and making the material available for future diversity studies.
Monogenoids are mostly ectoparasites known for their infestations in fish farming environments and found in fish gills. The fauna of monogeneans of Prochilodus nigricans , whether in natural or artificial environments, have been reported. However, few studies have addressed the study of the community and distribution of the fauna of these ectoparasites. In this sense, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the community, occurrence, and distribution of the fauna of monogeneans of P. nigricans in rivers of the western Amazon. Specimens were collected in four different rivers in the southwest of the Amazon. In the laboratory, fish gills were removed and sorted, and the ectoparasites were collected. Monogenea species found were mounted on slides and identified. There was a low abundance of monogeneans in P. nigricans in the region and a high species richness of these parasites, and their species composition varied between river environments. In addition, the present study represents the first record of Anacanthoroides mizellei and Curvianchoratus sp. in P. nigricans and Tereancistrum curimba in the western Amazon. Information regarding the distribution and occurrence of monogeneans in fish is interesting, as it can contribute to global estimates of the distribution of these parasites in fish.
Existem poucos estudos sobre a riqueza de vespas sociais em ecótonos, principalmente em regiões associadas à mineração. Estes ambientes de transição possuem condições geofísicas específicas, compartilham espécies de ambos os biomas e podem atuar como barreiras em processos evolucionários e fluxos genéticos. Neste sentido, o objetivo deste estudo é registrar a ocorrência de vespas sociais, por amostragem rápida, em uma região de transição entre Floresta Estacional de Mata Atlântica e Cerrado, no entorno de uma área de mineração, no município de Itatiaiuçu, Minas Gerais. O esforço amostral foi de 24 horas, distribuídas em três dias de campo, no mês de dezembro de 2022. Foram amostradas 18 espécies com destaque para Parachartergus smithii (de Saussure, 1854), considerada rara no estado, e também registrada em região de ecótono (Caatinga e Cerrado), demonstrando a importância destes ecossistemas para a diversidade de vespas sociais.
Aranhas são encontradas em diversos ecossistemas naturais e ambientes urbanos, e exibem uma ampla variedade de características morfológicas e estratégias de captura de presas. Desempenham importantes funções nas cadeias tróficas, seja como predadores e presas, o que tem relevância para o manejo de ecossistemas e o controle biológico em sistemas agrícolas, portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho é relatar vespas sociais capturadas por Trichonephila clavipes (L., 1767) em áreas antropizadas associadas a fragmentos de floresta estacional semidecidual. O estudo foi conduzido em 2023 em áreas antrópicas associadas a fragmentos de Mata Atlântica no sul de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Foram registrados dois indivíduos de Protopolybia sedula (de Saussure, 1854), presos em teias suspensas dessa aranha. Dada a escassez de informações sobre essa interação, ressalta-se a necessidade de pesquisas adicionais para compreender melhor a frequência e o impacto dessa relação sobre as populações de vespas sociais.
A leishmaniose visceral é considerada uma das principais doenças tropicais negligenciadas de caráter zoonótico causada por protozoários do gênero Leishmania. Atingindo populações mais vulneráveis e apresentando mudança no seu padrão de transmissão, acometendo zonas urbanas, como o município de Belém do Estado do Pará. O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar dados epidemiológicos da doença em Belém do Pará no período de 2012 a 2022, incluindo fatores como, incidência, sexo, zona e evolução dos casos. Trata-se de um estudo epidemiológico realizado através de dados obtidos da Secretaria do Estado de Saúde do Pará, no período de 10 anos. No período da pesquisa, 935 casos foram diagnosticados, alcançando incidência máxima de 8,8 em 2018. As taxas de letalidade estiveram abaixo das médias nacionais nesse período, com exceção de 2016. O sexo masculino, zona urbana e rural sendo mais prevalentes durante todo o período. Os achados positivos como alta porcentagem de evolução de cura da doença e pelo baixo índice de óbito. Devido aos resultados apresentados, características epidemiológicas da doença é fundamental para o direcionamento de estratégias eficientes de prevenção e controle. Ressaltando a necessidade de abordagens integradas, incluindo medidas de proteção individual, controle de vetores e a busca por uma vacina eficaz.
Os monogenoideas são em grande parte ectoparasitas conhecidos por suas infestações em ambientes de piscicultura, encontrado em brânquias de peixes. A fauna de monogenéticos de P. nigricans, seja em ambientes naturais ou artificiais, foram relatados, porém poucos estudos abordaram o estudo de comunidade e distribuição da fauna desse ectoparasito. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a comunidade, ocorrência e distribuição da fauna de monogenéticos de Prochilodus nigricans entre rios da Amazônia ocidental. As coletas dos espécimes foram realizadas em quatro Rios diferentes, localizados no sudoeste da Amazônia. Em laboratório, foram realizadas a retirada e triagens das brânquias, onde foram realizadas as coletas dos ectoparasitos. As espécies de Monogenea encontradas foram colocadas em lâminas e posteriormente identificadas. O presente trabalho registrou baixa abundância de monogenéticos em P. nigricans na região e elevada riqueza de espécies de monogenéticos, onde a composição de espécies variou entre os ambientes de rio. Além disso, o presente estudo evidenciou o primeiro relato de ocorrência de Anacanthoroides mizellei e Curvianchoratus sp. em P. nigricans e de Tereancistrum curimba na região da Amazônia ocidental. Em conclusão, informações a respeito da distribuição e ocorrência de monogenéticos em peixes é de interesse, pois pode contribuir para estimativas globais da distribuição desses parasitos em peixes.
Currently, alien plants are the second largest loss of biodiversity in the world, second only to direct human exploitation. Therefore, this work aimed to identify in the literature in the literature and databases the exotic and invasive plants occurring in the state of Paraíba, in order to complement the information on these non-native species for the state. Therefore, it was necessary to prepare a general list of species, as well as autoecological information and evaluation of the degree of floristic similarity between the sampled areas. Floristic data were obtained through scientific articles from indexed academic journals and available on virtual platforms. We survey 265 species, distributed in 23 botanical families. The floristic similarity analysis indicated clusters that were not very similar to each other, revealing that these floras, even though they are in close areas, form distinct floristic compositions. The regression analysis also revealed that the similarities between the evaluated areas did not present a significant relationship with the geographic distance. In general, the exotic flora of Paraíba consists mainly of Poaceae, Asteraceae and Fabaceae, as the most representative components. This flora, in general, is composed of species with wide geographic distribution and predominance of autochoric dispersion. Through the results, one can demonstrate the importance of floristic surveys as an important mechanism for understanding the exotic flora of an ecosystem, in addition to providing essential bases for subsequent studies.
Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent syndrome worldwide, which, unchecked, affects several organs and systems. This review aimed to present injury prevention and control strategies, as well as coverage already available on the market, coverage with propolis and new treatment perspectives. It is important to highlight some preventive measures to control injuries in order to avoid chronicity as well as a wide variety of coverings. The study of ecological and accessible coverings that uses propolis is growing, which has several biological properties. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new coverings taking into account the cost / benefit ratio.
Botanical insecticides, in the form of plant extracts or essential oils, are an excellent alternative for pest management, with the advantage of being generally less toxic to mammals than are traditional synthetic ones. Considering the insecticidal potential presented by the Asteraceae species, this work aimed to present data on the insecticidal effect against Lepidopteras caused by essential oils from Asteraceae plants. Searches were carried out in the Web of Science, Scopus and PubMed databases for works published up to April 2023. As a result, 15 Asteraceae species were described regarding the insecticidal potential of their essential oils against lepidopteran pests, as well as the toxicity of the most effective essential oils and their chemical composition.
Aptychopsis cylindrothecia is an endemic and poorly known species in the country. In the present study, information on its taxonomy, morphology, and ecology is presented. Taxonomic and morphological data were obtained through the analysis of nomenclatural types. For being a little known species with few records, distribution models were used to estimate areas with greater environmental suitability and locate new populations, using MaxEnt. The IUCN conservation status such as the extension of occurrence (EOO) and area of occupancy (AOO) was performed using R software. Two datasets are modeling in this research. The first dataset was using the primarily specimens deposited in herbarium collection. The results of on dataset, provided preliminary data on the most suitable places for its occurrence, thus making it possible to find new populations. The second dataset was performed using the data set1 and new populations were found. Currently, the AOO estimated 52km2 and EOO 827.710 km2, both estimates classified as Least Concern status. The models indicate the phytophysiognomies of Atlantic Forest in Southwest region of Brazil, preferentially high forest, such as the appropriate areas for the most probable occurrence of the A. cylindrothecia. These results could serve as guides for future survey expeditions, understand their ecology, and morphology.
Pseudostegophilus paulensis Miranda Ribeiro 1918 is an endemic parasitic species from the state of Sao Paulo, southeastern Brazil, with few registered occurrences in databases (15 records). Here, we present the first record of P. paulensis in the middle portion of the Anhumas River, a tributary of the Paranapanema River right bank. Specimens were collected in two environments with different ecological characteristics (lotic water running over gravel sediment and semi-lotic water with silty sediment on the bottom). We also present an updated occurrence map of the species in Brazil. This new record of P. paulensis in the upper Parana River basin extends the geographic distribution of the species to the South of the state of Sao Paulo. Furthermore, important ecological information remains unknown due to the lack of data about this group, such as habitat niches, vertical migration, growth patterns, reproduction, and feeding behavior.
Ethylene triggers several deleterious responses on ornamental plants. This investigation aimed to evaluate several physiological responses to ethylene on the post -production of potted ornamental pepper cultivars. Plants of the 'Espaguetinho', 'Etna', 'Peppa' and 'Karneval' cultivars were grown in pots. When they reached the appropriate commercial stage, that is, 50% of the plants in a population showed at least 30% fully ripe fruits, they were treated as follows. Plants were subjected to external control, internal control, and exposure to 10 mu L L-1 ethylene for 48 h. 'Etna' exhibited an intermediate response to the exposure to 10 mu L L-1 ethylene for 48 h. 'Espaguetinho', 'Peppa' and 'Karneval' were classified as highly sensitive to ethylene, with discard on the first day of shelf life. The leaves from all cultivars showed a strong response to ethylene than the fruits. This study revealed different levels of sensitivity to ethylene depending on the cultivars and species. The exposure to 10 mu L L-1 ethylene for 48 hours affects the quality and the longevity of the pepper cultivars evaluated, drastically reducing the shelf life. This study thus paves the way for further investigations to reduce ethylene responses, extending the shelf life in the post production phase of pepper cultivars.
The Cerrado is home to high biodiversity, high rate of endemic and endangered species, but the biome is threatened by various human activities. Therefore, it is considered a global hotspot, being a priority area for conservation on the planet. This condition justifies studies to better understand the biodiversity, distribution and occurrence of different taxon, such as solitary wasps of the Mutillidae family (Hymenoptera). Therefore, the objective of this work is to report the occurrence of Mutillidae in the Parque Nacional Grande Sertao Veredas, in Cerrado area. The occurrence of 18 species and morphospecies of seven genera of Mutillidae was recorded. The most abundant species was Traumatomutilla bifurca, and there is also a new record for the state of Minas Gerais of Traumatomutilla ipanema, which, together with the community sampled, this strengthens the park's role in conserving the biodiversity of the Mutillidae family in Cerrado areas.
A predação regula o funcionamento das comunidades e afeta a dinâmica populacional dos organismos no ambiente. Os principais predadores aquáticos estão representados pelos invertebrados da classe Insecta, que se alimentam de organismos vertebrados e/ou invertebrados. Dentre os vertebrados, os girinos são os mais consumidos. Este experimento estudou a atividade predatória dos insetos aquáticos (Odonata: Libellulidae e Coleóptera: Hydrophilidae) sobre girinos de Rhinella sp. e Physalaemus sp. na cidade de Capitão Poço, Pará, Brasil. O experimento contou com seis tratamentos realizados em duas fases (dia e noite). Foram observadas diferenças significativas somente entre os tratamentos 1 (controle) e 2 (Libellulidae) (F= 7,21; p= 0,00). A atividade predatória dos insetos foi realizada em ambas as fases, não havendo diferenças significativas (F= 1,33; p= 0,26). O sucesso da família Libellulidae está relacionado as estratégias e aspectos morfológicos que suas larvas utilizam no ato de predação. Diferentemente, a família Hydrophilidae, possui características que podem ter colaborado na baixa atividade predatória observada.
The occurrence of Pionus maximiliani (Kuhl, 1820) in the state of Pernambuco is characterized by few documented reports and little ecological information. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe new records of the species and provide information about its frugivorous diet and foraging behavior (consumption of pulp and seeds). The observations were carried out in the municipality of Olinda. During the months of November and December 2020 and January 2021 (38 events) The birds were monitored during foraging activity on the fruits of five tree species, including Mangifera indica L. and Psidium guajava L. These observations contribute to a better understanding of the occurrence and feeding ecology of the Scaly-headed Parrot in the state of Pernambuco.
