The rotation curve of the flocculent late-type spiral NGC 7793 exhibits a slow, nearly linear inner rise and an extended flat outer profile at ~110 km/s, exemplifying the Bosma effect – the close correspondence between dynamical mass and the distribution of neutral hydrogen. Building on previous applications of Quantum Gravitational Theory (QGT) to galaxies such as NGC 6503, NGC 3198, NGC 2903, DDO 154, NGC 2841, DDO 53, NGC 925, and NGC 1569, we apply a Modified Quantum Gravitational Theory (MQGT) that introduces gas-dependent extensions to the standard QGT framework. Using SPARC photometry (distance 3.61 Mpc) and a scaled HI profile from Carignan & Puche (1990), we compute the gravitational scale length = 5.32 kpc from the baryonic mass distribution. The MQGT includes a gas-fraction-dependent effective scale length, differential coupling for cold and warm HI phases, and dust modulation of the graviton mean free path. With parameters α ≈ 0.438, ≈ 1.05, ≈ 1.62, γ ≈ 0.25, η ≈ 3.2, the model provides a good fit to the observed rotation curve with an RMS residual of 1.42 km/s and a reduced of 1.59; all data points lie within the 1σ observational uncertainties. Standard QGT (without gas coupling) gives a poorer fit (RMS 8.7 km/s). The results suggest that a quantum gravitational amplification mechanism preferentially coupled to the extended warm HI component can naturally produce Bosma-like behaviour without invoking non- baryonic dark matter. However, the parameter values are derived for a single galaxy, and their universality remains to be tested on larger samples. MQGT provides a viable baryon-only framework for modelling rotation curves of gas-rich late-type spirals, motivating further observational tests with THINGS, SPARC, and future HI surveys.
This study investigates the basement depth and structural framework of the Upper Benue Trough, northeastern Nigeria, using high-resolution aeromagnetic data integrated with Source Parameter Imaging (SPI) techniques to assess their implications for geo-hazard occurrence. The aeromagnetic data were processed using Oasis Montaj software 8.9 through standard procedures, including reduction to the equator and regional-residual separation, to enhance subsurface structural features. The SPI method, based on the analytic signal of magnetic sources, was employed to estimate depths to magnetic sources, revealing significant spatial variability ranging from approximately 98 m shallow depths to over 2200 m deeper depths. The results indicate a structurally complex terrain characterized by NE-SW and NW-SE trending fault systems, with deeper sedimentary depocenters concentrated in the central and southern parts of the study area and shallower basement highs along the margins. Integration of SPI-derived depths with lineament density analysis highlights zones of intense fracturing, deformation and structural weakness, which correspond to areas prone to geo-hazards such as flooding, subsidence, landslides, and erosion. The findings reveal that basement configuration and fault-controlled structures play a critical role in controlling geo-hazard susceptibility, providing a critical geophysical framework for improved risk assessment, land-use planning, and sustainable infrastructure development in the Upper Benue Trough.
We present a comprehensive validation of Quantum Gravity Theory (QGT), a dark matter-free framework grounded in graviton-antigraviton interactions, across a sample of eight galaxies spanning five orders of magnitude in stellar mass (8.5×10⁷ to 4.5×10¹⁰ Using high-resolution HI data from the THINGS survey and consistent methodology via the SPARC database, we demonstrate that QGT accurately reproduces rotation curves with residuals of <5.2%, deriving its sole scale parameter directly from baryonic mass distributions without free parameters. The universal scaling relation = (π/2) × Holds across all galaxies with a mean absolute deviation of 3.9%, validating QGT's predictive power. In direct comparison with Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND), QGT achieves statistically superior performance with Bayesian Information Criterion differences ΔBIC > 19. Building on quantum field theory and special relativity, QGT models gravity via graviton-antigraviton condensates, providing a first-principles explanation for flat rotation curves that outperforms both empirical modifications and particle dark matter at galactic scales. These results position QGT as a unified, parameter-free alternative to conventional gravitational paradigms, with implications for cluster dynamics, gravitational lensing, and the quantum foundations of gravity.
The principle of equivalence of physical quantities was demonstrated on the equivalences of the basic physical quantities: energy, space, time, electric charge, magnetic flux, and mass, as well as electrical ones: capacitance and inductance. A series of physical quantities and equivalences of each of these quantities, as well as the coefficients of these equivalences, are presented. Sequences of equivalences of physical quantities will expand our understanding of the physics of nature. Equivalences of energy, mass, space, and other physical quantities indicate equivalences of physical constants. Equivalences of physical constants allow one constant to be calculated through another, while it is possible to increase the accuracy of some constants at the expense of others, more accurate ones. This article pertains to theoretical physics.
In this paper, we present an in-depth phenomenological and technical description of the ATLAS LHC experiment, focusing on two-γ-photon decay events of the Higgs boson. We explore the implications of these decay events in the context of our novel theory, the Superluminal Graviton Condensate Vacuum (SGCV). This theory predicts the existence of "superluminal propagating massless dark photons”, which act as ghost particles of superluminal displaced vacuum dark sector gravitons. The detection of these particles would establish a significant link between the Higgs field, the quantum field of normal photons, and the dark sector. We propose experimental setups and Time-of-Flight (ToF) instrumentation detectors to validate these predictions, emphasizing their importance for understanding the vacuum and the fabric of spacetime, which is hypothesized to be fundamentally composed of superluminal vibration energy.
Oxygen A-band absorption spectra exhibit interference between O2 monomer (with a discrete line at 762 nm) and O2 dimol (which also exhibits a band spectrum at 762 nm) absorption. Analysis of the absorbance spectrum between 750 nm and 770 nm reveals P, Q, and R branches, characteristic of rovibrational transitions. Pure oxygen spectra were analyzed at pressures ranging from 1 to 25 bar and at temperatures of 298 K, 323 K, 348 K, and 373 K using advanced data analysis methods. Integrated absorbance, Gaussian and Lorentzian full width at half maximum height (FWHM), and maximum absorbance peak positions were calculated for the R and P branches, and relevant formulas were deduced.
To attain soliton results for the nonlinear fractional progression equations (NLFEEs) like the space-time fractional Boussinesq equation, we have utilized the advanced expansion technique. In this study, solutions are explicitly determined as kink, soliton, and sharp slope bell soliton types. These obtained singular wave solutions might play a significant role in finding the mathematical model of the realistic corporal phenomena. The results illustrated that the advanced- expansion technique is a simple, straightforward, and actual mathematical model for searching extensive wave solutions with suitable parameters of higher-dimensional NLFEEs. We have also applied the modulation instability analysis (MI) to deliberate the consistency scrutiny of the achieved solutions, and the driving character of the obtained waves is inspected, which ensures that all achieved solutions are explicit, reliable, exact, and stable.
The equivalence of electric charge and energy is the principle that everything that has an electric charge has an equivalent amount of energy and vice versa. Main methods used: conversion of natural units, algebra, analogy. The equivalence of electric charge and energy, despite the wide use in describing the principles of physics and astrophysics, has not yet been formulated. In this work, the formula for the equivalence of electric charge and energy is presented. This is done on the basis of known measurement systems, parameters and principles of physics. Five examples (Stoney units, Planck units, Newton's law of universal gravitation, Coulomb's law and Ampere's law) of the algebraic notation of this principle show its universality. Five examples should justify the universality of the new principle and its use in physics, astrophysics and technology. New physical Units are proposed for mass and electric charge has been proposed, each of which is suitable for measuring both mass and electric charge. The paper gives perspectives of using the proposed equivalence: starting calculation of mass excess, refinement of orbits of celestial, and Einstein field equation.
In this study, we argue fundamentally and physically on the nature of the graviton as the only elementary particle in the universe, constituting the fabric of vacuum spacetime and all matter and all energy forms. We demonstrate that the universe's functioning is consistent with the current laws of physics and that a non-tachyonic graviton string-particle carrying superluminal energy exists. The graviton model proposed herein unifies dark energy, quantum gravity, and dressed zero-point vacuum energy field in a single energy manifold. The model provides an alternative interpretation of the vacuum energy, the dark energy, and the cosmological constant value as well as an explanation for the cosmological “coincidence problem”. Our model describes the zero-point vacuum energy as an evaporation product of hidden compacted extra dimensions superluminal energy of the universe, rather than being due to any supersymmetry fine-tuned fields cancellation. Furthermore, the proposed model also predicts how the graviton's superluminal oscillation is ticking down the remaining lifetime of the universe, acting as a cosmological clock. Spacetime should end after a Big Freeze or a Big Rip scenario governed by a global vacuum instantaneous catastrophic event, to which a new cycle of Big Bang follows. Our model explains why the massless spin 2 in-place superluminal vibrating graviton and condensate consisting everything including spacetime must be essentially the only massless cold boson elementary particle and why fundamentally the vacuum is superluminal condensate energy. An experiment with the Atlas detector is proposed to indirectly verify the theory by measuring potential superluminal propagation of dark photons. Essentially, the research reveals that the entire dark sector consists of superluminal energy, making it directly undetectable. Additionally, it suggests that quantum gravity originates from the dark sector.
In this study, we investigated the potential presence of extraterrestrial life on Europa, one of Jupiter’s moons, by exploring the existence of Luciferin, a bioluminescent molecule. This hypothesis is based on Europa’s subsurface oceans and the geothermal conditions created by gravitational forces from Jupiter, similar to Earth’s hydrothermal vents. We reanalyzed raw data from the Near-Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (NIMS) on the Galileo spacecraft, utilizing advanced machine learning and data processing techniques to enhance data quality. This involved cleaning, preprocessing, and normalizing the multidimensional data to reduce noise and correct errors, ensuring more accurate analysis. Our primary focus was on detecting spectral signals that might indicate Luciferin, particularly in the spectral bands around 560-570nm, which are associated with Luciferin’s strong emission. The results were encouraging, as several points of interest showed spectral intensity consistent with the presence of this molecule. Although these findings are preliminary and require further validation, they offer promising evidence of bioluminescence on Europa. If confirmed, this discovery would significantly impact the fields of astrobiology and space exploration, providing crucial insights into the search for extraterrestrial life.
The present study focuses on the investigation of the velocity profile of viscous fluid between two parallel porous walls while fluid is being ejected from both channel walls at the same rate. The distributions of velocity, pressure and shear stress were determined theoretically for incompressible, steady, fully developed laminar flow past a porous boundary wall. Due to the pressure difference across the porous wall, there is ejection or injection into the wall. The velocity specified as the boundary condition at the wall has been used to explore fluid flow phenomena in porous tubes and ducts. The variable wall velocity is based on the pressure differential across the wall, the fluid characteristics, the thickness of the wall, and the permeability of the structure. An appropriate wall condition must take these factors into account. This paper discusses a Reynolds number solution. We seek formulas for the velocity component. The perturbation approach is used to solve the governing differential equation and the general solution of the velocity is obtained for higher terms of Re. Fifth term of perturbation is used in the perturbation method. The velocity of the fluid is analyzed for different values of Re for a boundary condition. Finally, the result is analysis graphically for the range of Re from .1 to 50. In addition, another strategy is used to keep the Reynolds number constant when the diameter of the hole in the porous wall changes, i.e., changing the value of λ.
With the assistance of emblematic calculation programming, the current paper explores the specific voyaging wave arrangements from the general (2+1)- layered nonlinear development conditions by utilizing the advanced exp(-φ(ξ))-expansion with time-partial boundaries. As a result, the used technique is effectively utilized and recently created some precise voyaging wave arrangements. The recently created arrangements have been communicated regarding mathematical and exaggerated capabilities. The created arrangements have been inquired into their comparing condition with the guide of the emblematic calculation programming Maple. The elements of nonlinear wave arrangements are analyzed and shown by maple18 in 3D, and 2D plots, and form plots with explicit upsides of the mind boggling boundaries are plotted. The advanced exp(-φ(ξ))-expansion strategy is a solid treatment for looking through fundamental nonlinear waves that enhance an assortment of water waves in the long-frequency system that emerges in designing fields.
In this manuscript, the main motivation is the implement of the advanced exp(-ϕ(ξ)) -expansion method to construct the soliton solution, which contains some controlling parameters of two distinct equations via the Biswas-Arshed (BA) model and the (3+1)- dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. Here the behaviors of the solutions are presented in graphically under some condition on those parameters. The height of the wave, wave direction, and angle of the obtained wave are formed by substituting the particular values of the considerations over showing figures with control plot. With the collaboration of the advanced exp(-ϕ(ξ))-expansion method, we construct entirely the solitary wave results as well as rogue type soliton, combined singular soliton, kink, singular kink, bright and dark soliton, periodic shape, double periodic shape soliton etc. Therefore, it is remarkable to perceive that the advanced exp(-ϕ(ξ))-expansion method is easy, compatible and powerful mathematical tool to elucidation of exact results to other non-linear equivalences.
This study is aimed at the analytical design of a lighting system called a sequential display signboard to create a special illumination effect, which can be used in cock tail, disco halls, offices door, theatre and signboards using relevant mathematical equations and physics relations. The sequential display signboard consists of power supply unit connected to an arrangement of oscillator and switching circuits that triggered the light emitting diodes (LED) to display the words which are written inform of a message display. The system consists of 555 timers which functions as an Astable Multivibrator to generate pulses and transistors acting as switches thereby aiding the display of the message. With an input pulse from the 555 timer, the 4017 IC will cycle through its ten count sequence, lighting up each LED one at a time and recycling back to the first LED which results in a visual pleasing sequence of flashing lights in form of a message display.
Magnetic flux and energy equivalence is the principle that everything that has magnetic flux has an equivalent amount of energy, and vice versa. The main methods used: transformation of natural units, algebra, analogy. The equivalence of magnetic flux and energy, despite its widespread use in describing the principles of physics, has not yet been formulated. This paper presents the formula for this equivalence. This is done based on known measurement systems, parameters and principles of physics. Five examples (Stoney units, Planck units, standard gravitational parameter, Lorentz force, and Ampere force) of the algebraic representation of this principle show its universality. Five examples should justify the universality of the new principle and its use in physics and astrophysics. Using the equivalence of magnetic flux and energy, new physical units of mass and magnetic flux are proposed, each of which is suitable for measuring both mass and magnetic flux. Natural values of electric current and voltage, linear density of electric capacitance and inductance, linear density of magnetic flux, linear density of electric charge, as well as natural units of electric voltage and current, electrical resistance, magnetic flux, electrical capacitance and inductance are also described. The article presents the Einstein field equation (additional magnetic stress–energy–momentum tensor) and a standard astrophysical parameter for refining the orbits of celestial bodies.
This work investigates the impact of electron mobility variations on short channel effects (SCEs) in different semiconductor materials using FinFETs. Using PADRE simulator, the work examines Gallium Arsenide (GaAs), Gallium Antimonide (GaSb), Gallium Nitride (GaN), and Silicon (Si) FinFETs, analyzing performance metrics such as Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL), Subthreshold Swing (SS) and Threshold Voltage roll-off. The result shows that GaN-FinFET exhibits lowest subthreshold swing of 63 mV/dec at electron mobility of 10000 cm2/Vs, and threshold voltage of 0.44V at electron mobility of 10000 cm2/Vs, while Si-FinFET exhibits lowest DIBL of 3 mV/V at (4000-10000) cm2/Vs. This finding contributes to advancing the understanding of short channel effects in nanoscale FinFETs and provides valuable insights for optimizing device performance in future semiconductor technologies.
Collisional effects on the absorption spectrum of oxygen and nitrogen gas mixtures at 1270 nm band appear as a broadening or narrowing at the component of Lorentzian width in the Voigt profile. The deconvolution method of spectral lines reveals two kinds of bands, the first centered at 1264 nm, and the second centered at 1268 nm. At high pressures, the Gaussian full width may be fixed, and Voigt's full width at half maximum (FWHM) nearly equals to Lorentzian full width. Partial pressures of each gas were between 1-10 bar at 298 K. New results highlight the effect of nitrogen as a collisional partner on the oxygen spectrum. PACS: 32.30. Bv; 33.20. Ea; 33.20.-t; 34.50.-s; 34.50. Ez; 51.30. +I; 87.64. km.
The aims of this contibution is to investigate the directional dependency of mechanical properties of gallium phosphide (GaP) semiconduct-ing material using the experimental stiffness elastic constants Cij reported in the litterature. These characteristics are visible by analysis and visualization of elastic tensors. The spatial dependencies of the Young’s modulus, linear compressibility, shear modulus, and Poisson’s ratio in GaP binary compound were calculated and schematized in graphical representations. Data analysis shows that the maximum value Emax of Young's modulus was estimated at around 166.7 GPa, while its minimum value Emin was estimated at around 102.5 GPa, which gives a ratio of approximately Emax/Emin ≈ 1.63, while for the Poisson’s ratio υ, the maximum value υmax of υ was estimated at around 0.43, while its minimum value υmin was estimated at 0.025, which gives a rate of approximately υmax/υmin ≈ 17.5. The Debye temperature was also calculated, it is estimated at about 482.4 K, it is in good agreement with the experimental one (493 K) reported in the litterature, and the deviation between these two values is less than 2.2%.
This work aims to investigate the correlation between the shear modulus and the Young’s modulus of some pore-free polycrystalline ceram-ics. Our study shows that the shear modulus correlates quasi-linearly with the Young’s modulus. The best fit was obtained using the linear model. The fit of the shear modulus G as a function of the Young modulus E obeys this linear expression: G = 0.43E - 7.7 (where both G and E are expressed in GPa). The coefficient of the correlation was found at around 0.994. Our expression was used to predict the shear modulus G of some other polycrystalline ceramics, especially: Dy2O3, Er2O3, and Y2O3 materials, which are estimated at around 65.6, 72.4, and 51.8 GPa, respectively. We attempt also to estimate the Vickers hardness of our materials of interest using an empirical expression of the literature. Unfortunately our predicted results are larger than those reported previously in the literature.
The equivalence of space–time and energy are the principle that everything that has space and time has an equivalent amount of energy, and vice versa. It is presented here as an axiom that has become widespread in physics and astrophysics.
