Background: Low birth weight remains a public health challenge in developing worlds. Globally, low birth weight is associated with an increased risk of early neonatal mortality and morbidity. The primary causes of low birth weight are related to maternal risk factors. For instance; maternal under nutrition, maternal anemia, and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are associated with low birth weight. Although it remains one of the top challenges of adverse birth outcome, predictors of low birth weight are rarely Eastern studied in Ethiopia. To the best knowledge of the researchers, the magnitude of low birth weight is not studied in this study area. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the magnitude of low birth weight and associated factors among women who gave birth in public Hospitals of Harari Regional state, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 403 women who deliverd in public hospitals of Harari Regional State, Eastern Ethiopia from February 10th to March 20th, 2019. A systematic sampling technique was used to select study participants. Data were collected using pretested structured interviews administered questionnaires. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1, and exported to SPSS (IBM version 22) for statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics were carried out using frequency tables, proportion and summary measures. Multivariable analysis was done to identify the true effects of predictor variables on the outcome variable after controlling for possible confounders. Statistical significance was declared at p-value <0.05. Result: Overall, the magnitude of low birth weight was 23.3% [( 95% CI (19.0, 28.0)]. In final model of multivariable analysis; unplanned pregnancy [AOR=4.7;95%CI (2.4, 8.9)], maternal mid upper arm circumference less than 23cm[AOR=3.5;95%CI (1.8, 6.0)], substance use in current pregnancy[AOR=5.0; 95%CI(2.5, 10.0)], maternal anemia [AOR=2.3; 95%CI (1.2, 4.4)], a history of hyperemesis in current pregnancy[AOR=4.5,95 % CI =2.3, 9.0)] and having no history of antenatal care follow-up in current pregnancy [AOR=5.4; 95 % CI =2.5, 12.9)] were statistically associated with low birth weight. The conclusion: The magnitude of low birth weight was relatively high in this study area compared to national and global targets. Therefore, efforts should be emphasized on ensuring women’s nutritional status during pregnancy, and creating awareness on the potential risks of substance use for unborn fetus. Health information dissemination on the utilization of ANC service is also very crucial to improve the birth weight of newborn babies. Keywords: Low birth weight, associated factors, predictors, Eastern Ethiopia
Social media is a relatively new technology, and little studies have been conducted on its addiction and associated factors. It has become popular among college and university students of young population. Social media is addictive specially using it for chatting is very attractive and addictive. Once you sign in to this public site, you may follow others’ comments, gossip, and get in touch with the whole society or world. You can’t stop when you want since you are controlled. The present study is designed to evaluate social media addiction and associated factors among university students. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 11 - 30 /2017. A simple random sampling method was conducted to recruit the study participants. Data was collected by using pre-tasted, structured and self-administered questioner and analyzed using SPSS version 20 statistical software. A total of 149(99.3%) of respondents were reported as social media users. From this figure the majority 104(69.8%) of participants used Facebook. From the total users about 32(21.3%) of students were addicted. Variables such as being male, young in age (18-22 years), and excessive use of social media per day significantly associated with higher odds of addiction. Therefore, students should limit and use appropriately the social media through self-regulation.
*Correspondence to: Yoseph Gela, Addis Ababa University Main campus college of Development study, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Tel: 251913372078; E-mail: yodapartner@gmail.com Received: April 18, 2021; Accepted: May 11, 2021; Published: May 18, 2021 Citation: Yoseph Gela (2021) Pregnancy Nutritional Status in Ethiopia: A case study of Pregnant Women in Shashemene District, Southern Oromia Region Ethiopia. J Women's Health Care 10:529. doi:10.35248/2167-0420.21.10.529. Copyright: © 2021 Gela Y, et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. OPINION
INTRODUCTION:Public Law 111-163 Section 206 of the Caregivers and Veteran Omnibus Health Services Act amended the Veterans Health Administration's (VHA) medical benefits package to include 7 days of medical care for newborns delivered by Veterans. We examined the newborn outcomes among a cohort of women Veterans receiving VHA maternity benefits and care coordination.MATERIALS AND METHODS:We conducted a secondary analysis of phone interview data from Veterans enrolled in the COMFORT (Center for Maternal and Infant Outcomes Research in Translation) study 2016-2020. Multivariable regression estimated associations with newborn outcomes (preterm birth; low birthweight).RESULTS:During the study period, 829 infants were born to 811 Veterans. Mothers reported "excellent health" for 94% of infants. The prevalence of preterm birth was slightly higher in our cohort (11% vs. 10%), as were low birthweight (9%) deliveries, compared to the general population (8.28%). Additionally, 42% of infants in our cohort required follow-up care for non-routine health conditions; 11% were uninsured at 2 months of age. Adverse newborn outcomes were more common for mothers who were older in age, self-identified as non-white in race and/or of Hispanic ethnicity, had a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder, or had gestational comorbidities.CONCLUSIONS:The current VHA maternity coverage appears to be an effective policy for ensuring the well-being and health care coverage for the majority of Veterans and their newborns in the first days of life, thereby reducing the risk of inadequate prenatal and neonatal care. Future research should examine costs associated with extending coverage to 14 days or longer, comparing those to the projected excess costs of neonatal health problems. VHA policy should continue to support expanding care and resources through the Maternity Care Coordinator model.
Introduction: Despite the fact that knowledge of potential side effects of many herbal medicines in pregnancy is limited and that some herbal products may be teratogenic, data on the extent of use of herbal medicines by women during pregnancy in the study setting is unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the prevalence of herbal medicine utilization and associated factors among pregnant women in Shashamane town, southern Ethiopia. Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted among 358 pregnant women in, shashamane town, southern Ethiopia from august 1-30/2020. Data was collected using semi structured interviewer administered questionnaire, entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to statistical package for social science (SPSS) version 20 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. P-value < 0.05, at 95% confidence interval was considered as cut off point to declare the presence of statistically significant association. Result: This study revealed that prevalence of herbal medicine utilization during current pregnancy was 16.8%% (95% CI: 13.5-19.3). Counselling about the risk of herbal medicine during antenatal care follow up (AOR=2.51, 95% CI: 1.08-5.84), history of health problem during their current pregnancy (AOR=2.34, 95% CI: 1.56-3.18), and previous experience (AOR=4.50, 95% CI: 3.67-9.46) were significantly associated with utilization of herbal medicine during pregnancy. Conclusion and recommendation: The prevalence of herbal medicine utilization during pregnancy was found to be low compared to most of the previous studies conducted in Ethiopia. Therefore it is necessary to provide adequate counseling for all pregnant women attending antenatal care regarding the risks associated with herbal drug use on mother and fetus.
Background: Infection prevention and control play an essential role in patient safety and improve the quality of universal health coverage. The problem is more common in developing countries as compared to developed countries. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitude and practice of infection prevention among health care workers in public health facilities in West Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia, 2018 Methods and Materials: Facility-based descriptive cross-sectional study was done from may1-30, 2018.Data were collected by a self-administered structured pretested questionnaire from 203 health care workers. The health care workers were selected through a stratified sampling technique. After the data were checked for completeness, cleaning and coding were performed. The data was entered into Epi-Info version 3.5.2 and analyzed using statistical package for social sciences(SPSS) version 20.0. The data was summarized by descriptive statistics using the frequency, percentage, and graphs. Results: A total of 201 Health care workers were participated in the study, with the response rate of (99%). The proportion of Hhealth Care Wworkers about infection prevention who was knowledgeable, had a positive attitude, and safe practice was 120(59.7%), 82(40.8%), and 110(54.7%), respectively. From the respondent, 169(84%) of health care workers were use glove in daily activities and 32(16%) of health workers did not use a glove in their daily activities. Regarding potentially infectious and susceptible to infection 164 (81.6 %) and 37 (18.4%) of Health care workers think that both of them and patient/staff were infectious and susceptible to infection, respectively. Among the respondents, 138 (68.7%) of health care workers were not recapped needles after use and 71(31.3%) of health care workers recap needles after use. From study participant 174(86.6%) of health care workers were discarded needles and other wastes to their container. Conclusion: Generally, the result of this study revealed the level of knowledge, attitude, and practice of health care employees for infection prevention was low. The health care facility at which a study conducted should update health care worker's awareness by providing training services on PPE utilization and proper waste disposal system to increase the quality of health care services by preventing infection.
Objective: Obstetric fistula is a life-altering birth associated injury and it is indicative of a health system that has failed to provide appropriate intra-partum care. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors associated with knowledge and the misconception of obstetric fistula among women in Northwest Ethiopia. Method: Health facility based cross-sectional study was employed from March to April, 2019 among 395 pregnant women. The data were collected by systematic random sampling technique and analysed using SPSS 23.0 version. Logistic regression analyses was employed to estimate the crude and adjusted odds ratio with confidence interval of 95% and a P value of less than 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: In this study, 41.3% of pregnant mothers had heard of obstetric fistula and among those mothers, 62.6% and 42.3% had good knowledge and misconceptions of obstetric fistula respectively. Living in urban [AOR=3.19, 95% CI=1.33-7.67], having history of antenatal visit [AOR=4.05, 95% CI=1.56-10.51], having primary educational level, secondary and above educational level, high monthly income, age at first pregnancy, institutional delivery, primiparity, multiparty, and contraceptive methods utilization were associated with knowledge of obstetric fistula. Whereas; had no formal education [AOR=4.01, 95% CI =1.51-10.65], living in rural and not using contraceptive methods were associated with the misconception of obstetric fistula. Conclusion: In the present study, pregnant women who had knowledge of obstetric fistula low and the misconceptions of obstetric fistula was high. Therefore, there is a need to give more emphasis on addressing obstetric fistula messages about its risk factors and preventive methods.
Background: Pregnant women’s satisfaction level assessment with antenatal services can address whether the service being given is in a consistent and dependable manner, the responsiveness and willingness of providers to meet women’s needs, the courtesy of providers and the safety of services. However, no evidences were documented on the issue so far in the study area. Objective: To assess pregnant women’s satisfaction level with antenatal care in Tullo District, East Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among random sample of 328 pregnant women of Tullo District, East Ethiopia from June1 to July 30, 2018. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were used to collect data. Data was collected using structured questionnaire adopted from different relevant literatures. Data was entered into EPI INFO Version 7 and analyzed using SPSS Version 21. Descriptive study was done to characterize study participants. The magnitude of association between independent and dependent variables was measured using adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval and P-values below 0.05 was taken statistically significant. Results: In this study women’s satisfaction level with antenatal services was 71%. Women living in rural were less likely to be satisfied compared to urban residents. Women who get pregnant for five and more times were 5.42 times more likely to be satisfied with the services. Women who spent in ANC unit for more than 20minutes with their care givers were 1.75 more likely to be satisfied compared to their counterpart. Women who had their first ANC visit after 16 weeks of gestational age were 3.32 times more likely to be satisfied compared to their counterpart. Conclusion: The overall women’s satisfaction level with antenatal services was found to be optimal compared to other studies. Place of residence, number of pregnancy, time duration spent with service provider and timing for the first ANC visit were significantly associated with satisfaction.
Background: Antenatal care (ANC) also known as prenatal care given for women during pregnancy, and it is important for both maternal and fetal health. Pregnant women with late initiation of antenatal care are more likely to attain poor outcomes of pregnancy. Therefore; this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of late initiation of antenatal care and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care unit in Goba town, southeast Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 1 to April 28/2018 among 379 pregnant women. Systematic sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Data were collected using interview based pre tested and structured questionnaire. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 20; bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used. Bivariate analysis was carried out to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variables of the study; in addition, multivariable logistic regression analysis was carried out to see independent effect of the predictor variables on the dependent variable by adjusting the effect of potential confounding variables. Adjusted Odds ratio with 95% CI was used to show strength of association between dependent and predictor variables. Result: .Out of 379 pregnant mothers included in the study, 232(61.2%) pregnant women had started their first antenatal care (ANC) early in the first trimester, while the remaining 147(38.8%) pregnant mothers had started late. Educational level of respondents, monthly income, and obstetrics history of stillbirth were significantly associated with late initiation of first ANC among pregnant mothers. Conclusion: In this study a high occurrence of late initiation of ANC was found among pregnant women compared other studies conducted in Ethiopia. Factors such as no formal education, monthly income of <= 400 EB, and no obstetrics history of stillbirth were significantly associated with higher level of late initiation of first ANC among pregnant women. So, timely strategic actions should be implemented by government as well non-governmental stake holders at predictors’ of late early initiation of first ANC
Background: A transverse vaginal septum is a rare congenital uterovaginal anomaly that may be diagnosed for the first time during labor with a frequency of 1 in 70,000 females. A 20 years old primigravida with a postterm pregnancy whose diagnosis was only made during labor following digital vaginal and speculum examination. On examination, she was diagnosed as having a transverse vaginal septum with a pinpoint septal opening. The emergency caesarean section, followed by dilatation of the septum, was performed. Result: The post-operative event was smooth. Conclusion: To avoid obstructed labor and injuries to the mother and new-born prophylactic caesarean section is recommended in patients presenting with a transverse vaginal septum in labor, especially in women who have conceived after a long period of infertility.
Background: Infertility in developing countries often raises distinct and complex issues as compared to developed countries. Infertility affects an estimated 15% of couples globally with several socio-cultural implications. Many studies have reported that, males have poor health seeking behaviour when it comes to infertility treatment as they do not involvement themselves strongly due to varied factors. Therefore, this paper sets the pace by exploring how knowledge level, attitudes of men and their socio-demographic backgrounds influence their involvement in infertility treatment in Ghana. The paper was underpinned by the ancient Social Learning Theory which is still instrumental in modern social science research. Methods: The study adopted a quantitative approach using a cross-sectional study design. The study population was married men selected using a simple random sampling technique from 8 clustered demarcation to obtain 423 respondents using the formula N=z2pq/d2. A structured questionnaire was administered and data were analysed using STATA 15. Statistical significance for all testing was set as p<0.05 with 95CI. Result: The study found that, the mean age for the participants was 38.35 ± 0.48 and 92.67% were involved in monogamous marriage. Again, 57.45% had secondary/vocational education, 97.40% active employment with greater number of them earning less than GHC 600. It was noted that 84.16% of respondents agreed that, female partners are always the cause of childlessness in an infertile relationship. Misconceptions on infertility being caused by witchcraft, curses, or other supernatural powers were also noted (58.39%). It was also found that, married men in polygamous marriages were 6 times more likely to be involved in a fertility treatment than married men in monogamous marriages (Adjusted OR=6.210, 95%CI=3.153-7.232). Moreover, married men with primary and tertiary education were 0.517 less likely (Adjusted OR=0.517, 95%CI=0.319-0.819) and 0.597 less likely (Adjusted OR=0.597, 95%CI=0.153-0.732) to be involved in fertility treatment respectively as compared to those with secondary education. Again, married men who were employed were 3 times more likely (Adjusted OR=3.331, 95%CI=2.193-3.304) to be involved in infertility treatment as compared with those who are self-employed. Moslems were 4 times more likely (Adjusted OR=4.036, 95%CI=1.420-4.304) to be involved in infertility treatment as compared to Christians. Finally, traditionalists were 0.331 less likely (Adjusted OR=0.331, 95%CI=0.193-0.364) to be involved in infertility treatment as compared to Christians. Conclusion: The study concludes that, fertility declines with age coupled with factors such as the consumption of excessive alcohol, use of anabolic steroids, untreated sexually transmitted diseases, excessive stress, and among others. Also, the general attitudes of men towards infertility treatment were good as majority of them perceive infertility treatment to be the responsibility of both couples. However, the ability to achieve this orientation is positively influenced by the males’ socio-demographic factors such as marriage type, level of education, employment status and religious inclinations towards infertility issues. Recommendation: The study recommends that, men should seek for infertility treatment together with their wives so that it can be wholly managed for the couples. Again, the National Health Insurance Scheme in Ghana (NHIS) should cover infertility treatment and the charges of Private Fertility Treatment Centres should be regulated to prevent them from charging exorbitant fees. Moreover, educational forum on issues related to infertility and fertility should be undertaken by the community health unit of District Hospitals to sensitize the public.
Background: There is no study investigating the changes of dietary intake and body weight during COVID-19 in Afghanistan. Therefore, we aimed to examine the changes of dietary intake and body weight during COVID-19 pandemic among Afghan adults in Afghanistan. Methods: The current study is an online survey among the Afghan population in Afghanistan, which was conducted on 3200 Afghan adults (2800 men and 400 women) ages 18-60 years between 15 August 2020 and 10 May 2021. The inclusion criteria were age over 18 years old, both genders, interested of participants in the study, and internet access. The age under 18 years old, pregnant and breastfeeding women were not included in this study. Results: The (12.5%) of study participants were females. Almost (56.34% from 3200 participants) of the study population decreased the bodyweight. Additionally, over half percent of study participants increased the consumption of fruits (93.12%), vegetables (57.28%), legumes (59.03%), tea (61.34%), coffee (53.96%), pepper (57.38%), boiled food (69.05%) and supplements (87.46%). Conclusion: We found that intake of fruits vegetables, legumes, tea, coffee, pepper, boiled food and supplements increased among Afghan participants. Furthermore, the body weight of most participants decreased due to COVID-19 pandemic.
Background: Service satisfaction encourages mothers to continuously utilize and consume the maternal health care package. But no alike work in the current research area reported so far which this research committed to delivering evidence about the contentment of women in delivery care service provision. Objective: To assess mother's satisfaction and determinants toward childbirth service in Mana District, Jimma Zone, Ethiopia, 2018. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted on 674 women who delivered at the health centers in the last one-year prior study. Data were entered into EPI info version 7, exported to SPSS version 21 then descriptive and multiple regression analysis performed. Result: Mothers' delivery service satisfaction in this study was 45 percent. Supplies, perceived average monthly income, numbers of health facility delivery, being a housewife, and the age of women were found as the independent predictors of delivery service satisfaction. Conclusion and recommendation: Poor cleanliness of the delivery room, inadequacy of water during delivery, and not being asked for accord were major sources of dissatisfaction. Older age, low income, being a non- housewife, and delivering only once at a health facility had better chances of satisfaction. Hence health facilities should resolve problems of physical aspects like poor hygiene and water shortage. Care providers better are vigilant of the apprehension of delivering mothers during the care process with consensus.
Background: Breast cancer is the leading cause for maternal mortality globally, especially in developing countries like Ethiopia. The incidence is increasing specially in developing regions. Regular breast self-examination is one of the most cost-effective methods for early detection of breast cancer in asymptomatic women. Objective: The aim of the study is to assess the level of knowledge and breast self-examination practice, and its associated factors among students in private universities at west Arsi zone, south east Ethiopia. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was conducted from April 1 to 30, 2018. A total of 355 undergraduate female students were participated in the study. Simple random sampling technique was used to select the study participants. Binary and multivariate logistics regression analyses was applied using backward step wise method with p 0.25 criteria to enter and exit from the model respectively. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were computed and significance of all tests was determined at p ≤ 0.05. Results: From all participants 84(23.7%) were knowledgeable about breast self-examination and 148(41.7%) and 65(18.3%) of them have knowledge about sign and risk of breast cancer respectively. Only 112(31.5%) ever practiced breast self-examination, from those 79(22.3) of them practice breast self-examination monthly and most them started breast self-examination between age of 20-30 years. After adjusting for possible confounders; Field of study, knowledge of breast cancer risk and sign were significantly associated with knowledge of breast self-examination. Knowledge about breast self-examination and from constructs of health belief model perceived susceptibility and perceived barriers were significantly associated with breast self-examination practice. Conclusion: knowledge and practice of breast self-examination of undergraduate female students was low as a National guideline of Ethiopia FMOH that states all female age above 20 years should practice BSE. Therefore, the health sector should design strategies to improve female students’ knowledge and practice of breast self-examination.
Introduction: Unplanned pregnancy is an important public health problem both in developing and developed world, because of its association with adverse social and health outcome for mothers, children and family as whole. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of unplanned pregnancy among antenatal care attendants in Shashemane public hospitals, west Arsi zone in Oromia region. Methods: Institution-based cross sectional study design was employed on 380 pregnant women who came for antenatal care visit in Shashemane referral hospital and Melkaoda hospital from Mar 25- April 22/2019 G.C. The study participants were selected using systematic random sampling method and semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the data. The collected data were entered into Epi-data version 3.1 and exported to Statistical Package for Social Science version 22. Both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were performed to identify associated factors. P values <0.05 with 95% confidence level were used to declare statistical significance. Result: The prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 31.1%. Most of the respondents (57%) were found to have poor knowledge towards family planning. Predictor like parity of three and above and having poor knowledge towards general use of family planning were found to be positively associated with unplanned pregnancy as evidenced by statistical result of [AOR=9.7 (95%CI):(2.0, 47.7)] and [AOR=2.85 (95%CI):(1.54, 5.3)] respectively. Being rural in residence [AOR =0.27 (95%CI) :( 0.15, 0.5)] and husbands educational level of primary and above [AOR=0.34 (95%CI): (0.16, 0.73)] were found to be protective factors for unplanned pregnancy. Conclusion: According to this study the prevalence of unplanned pregnancy was 31.1%. Maternal age group of 35- 45, rural residence, multiparty, and having poor knowledge towards general use FP are significantly associated with unplanned pregnancy.
