El artículo analiza el acceso, la permanencia y el ascenso de las mujeres en el ámbito universitario venezolano desde una perspectiva socio-histórica y de género, a partir de la Teoría de la Reproducción Social (TRS), mediante un recorrido histórico que abarca desde el período colonial hasta la actualidad, examinando la incorporación de las mujeres a la educación superior. La investigación adopta un enfoque histórico-documental, sustentado en el método histórico-dialéctico y en la TRS, permitiendo comprender la universidad como institución de la reproducción social. Se identifican continuidades, rupturas y reconfiguraciones institucionales, así como las luchas históricas que han ampliado la participación femenina en espacios universitarios en Venezuela.
O Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) é resultado de um processo de disputas, no qual se destaca o papel da Reforma Sanitária, articulada a um projeto societário democrático e emancipatório, em contraste com o projeto neoliberal do capital, que transforma a saúde em mercadoria. Nessa direção, realiza-se uma revisão narrativa de literatura de caráter qualitativo e pesquisa documental, com o objetivo de analisar a concessão da gestão de equipamentos públicos de saúde no Brasil e, especificamente, no estado do Piauí, sobretudo de hospitais, para as Organizações Sociais de Saúde (OSS), como expressão de um processo de privatização do SUS e de captura do fundo público. No caso piauiense, a gestão por OSS, realizada sem amplo debate com a sociedade civil, desafia o caráter público, gratuito, universal e participativo do SUS, reforçando a consolidação de um modelo de saúde privatizante que atende aos interesses do capital.
Los programas de transferencia de ingresos tienen un fuerte impacto en la vida de los sectores más pobres de la clase trabajadora, otorgando a quienes los promueven una ventaja política significativa. Este tema genera debates y controversias sobre el impacto fiscal de tales medidas. Este texto problematiza esta cuestión mediante la crítica de la economía política y el análisis de datos fiscales y presupuestarios, con el fin de demostrar que una "transferencia de ingresos" mucho más significativa se produce a través de la tributación benévola que recae sobre las ganancias del capital y de los más ricos de Brasil. Este tema no recibe la misma atención, lo que oculta una estructura fiscal que oprime a los más pobres.
Humanity is experiencing a global capitalist crisis, which has been ongoing since 2008. This has been accompanied by a poly-crisis in which several crises have converged and interconnected: food (hunger, food production, obesity, and malnutrition), health, economic (inflation and recession), ecological (climate and pandemic) and geopolitical (war and international divisions). It is around food that gender relations, and individual and collective identities, are constructed and challenged. This article addresses the emancipatory struggle for food and food sovereignty, and the political uses of hunger, from theory to practice, in Latin America and the Caribbean, and its new contours within the contemporary context. This is a critical study that uses historical-materialist theory as a research method and dialectical argument as a method of exposition. It seeks to understand the crisis as the cracks where we have the greatest possibility of echoing our struggles against capital.
O texto busca evidenciar as particularidades da formação e da atualidade histórica do Estado brasileiro, com base no referencial teórico-metodológico do materialismo histórico-dialético. A partir de pesquisa teórica e documental, apresenta as características do poder político e do Estado no Brasil, situando-as na concentração econômica e nos marcos históricos do país, com ênfase no contexto contemporâneo e nas frações de classe ruralista e rentista. Conclui que, no Brasil, predomina um Estado de natureza autocrática, mesmo sob a formalidade democrática, que restringe e aliena a sociedade da participação econômica e política.
O artigo discute criticamente o livro O fascismo da cor, de Muniz Sodré, segundo o qual o fenômeno do racismo, no Brasil, é melhor caracterizado como forma social e não como estrutural. A partir do contraste com autores que analisaram a questão em perspectiva sociológica, o artigo conclui que não é possível prescindir de abordagens que consideram a raça como elemento relevante na definição de lugares/posições no sistema de estratificação social.
This study investigates the meanings of the two non-proximal locative demonstrative forms (non-prox1: ghadi and non-prox2: ghadika) in Tunisian Arabic (TA). The aim is to determine whether TA employs a genuine three-way locative demonstrative system or a two-way system with an additional emphatic component that is not part of the deictic core. Under a two-way analysis ghadika is expected to encode an additional emphatic meaning which can be interpreted as intensification or contrast. In comparison, under a three-way analysis, the distinction may be speaker-hearer anchored (ghadi means close to hearer and ghadika means far from both speaker and hearer) or speaker-anchored (ghadi means medium distance from speaker and hearer and ghadika means far from both speaker and hearer). Two experiments were conducted with two independent groups of 45 native speakers of TA. The results suggest that TA operates with a two-way locative demonstrative system, in which ghadi functions as the sole non-proximal form and ghadika functions as the emphatic component.
La reforma de la educación secundaria en Brasil, que estableció la Nueva Escuela Secundaria (NEM), ha promovido cambios en las escuelas brasileñas, como una mayor flexibilidad y un enfoque en la educación técnica y vocacional. Estos cambios son beneficiosos para las grandes empresas y están estrechamente vinculados a los actores estadounidenses. Por lo tanto, esta investigación busca identificar las redes estadounidenses activas en la NEM y comprender cómo esto contribuye al mantenimiento de la hegemonía capitalista en ese mismo país. Para ello, el estudio analiza documentos sobre la reforma de la educación secundaria y las fundaciones privadas involucradas, cuyos resultados se presentan a través de tablas y el software Gephi. Finalmente, destacamos cómo la NEM resulta de un conjunto de acciones que involucran a organizaciones, empresas, instituciones financieras, universidades, agencias gubernamentales y fundaciones privadas. En este sentido, la Fundación Lemann y el Movimento pela Base (Movimiento por la Base) merecen ser destacados como dos de los principales vértices de las redes transnacionales.
This paper presents the results of a qualitative study analysing the profile of women who lost parental authority in a judicial district of a large municipality in the northern region of the state of Paraná, Brazil. The research combines literature review with documentary analysis, based on the examination of seven judicial cases followed by the Social Work service of the Juvenile Court, between August 2023 and August 2024. The analysis revealed a convergence of race/skin colour, social class, gender, and abusive use of psychoactive substances in the profiles of the women affected. The termination of parental authority operates selectively on Black and poor women, exposing the role of a punitive State embedded in punitive neoliberalism, and grounded in structural racism and patriarchy, which shifts the absence of public care policies into the moral blaming of women.
This paper analyzes a machine-translated version of a French news article, focusing on the coherence of the target text and its equivalence to the global meaning of the source text. The study adopts a semiotic textological approach, emphasizing that machine translation often produces local solutions at the micro level (within words or sentences) while neglecting the rhetorical and stylistic structure of the text at the meso and macro levels. This can lead to a disruption of overall textual coherence. The analysis compares two DeepL translations of the same article produced two years apart. The theoretical framework centers on the levels of textual connectedness – connexity, cohesion, and coherence – with particular emphasis on the concept of constringency. This framework enables an assessment of whether the grammatical and lexico-semantic structures of the target text convey the same state-of-affairs relations as those implied by the meaning structure of the source text.
This pilot study investigates how advanced Syrian Arabic learners of English express English lexical causative constructions in a guided production task. While lexical causativization is restricted to a small set of manner-of-motion verbs in English, Syrian Arabic allows a broader range of lexical causatives beyond manner-of-motion verbs. The study pursues two objectives: first, to determine whether Syrian L2 learners of English apply lexical causative patterns from their L1 to English periphrastic causative verbs; and second, to examine the extent to which periphrastic causatives are preferred over lexical causatives. The results of the translation task completed by 32 Syrian Arabic learners of English at advanced and upper-intermediate proficiency levels reveal a strong tendency toward periphrastic causatives, particularly with the verb make. These findings offer preliminary observations and methodological insights for future research.
Este artigo analisa como a universalidade é tratada na Estratégia de Saúde Digital (ESD28) do Brasil. Parte da ideia de que este princípio, consagrado na Constituição Federal de 1988, emergiu como imperativo ético na modernidade, mas foi adjetivado no neoliberalismo. Com metodologia qualitativa e fontes bibliográficas e documentais, observou-se que a ESD28 desenvolveu telessaúde em áreas remotas e ofertou especialidades, mas reproduz a dependência tecnológica e o risco à soberania digital. O acesso à informação não pode ser confundido com o acesso universal à integralidade do cuidado em saúde, embora possa contribuir para este fim. As fragilidades da infraestrutura e da interoperabilidade no Sistema Único de Saúde no Brasil e a desigualdade digital constrangem a universalidade.
This article offers a critical reflection on the prison system and its class, race, and gender determinants, and its implications for Black women in Sergipe. Using an exploratory survey and Marxist analysis based on documentary sources, it problematises indicators that demonstrate a process of the mass incarceration of women, based primarily on the feminisation of poverty and the so-called war on drugs. It reveals that these women are subject to rights violations and exposes the involvement of the racist-patriarchal policies operated by the Brazilian/Sergipe State under the aegis of the current capitalist stage.
The teaching of the reading skill in foreign language education has been researched widely. Yet only few academic papers focus on the categorisation of questions and tasks accompanying reading comprehension texts in English as a foreign language textbooks. The paper presents the research conducted on the reading syllabus of the latest edition of a global EFL textbook series, Solutions. Based on Freeman’s (2014) taxonomy of comprehension question types, we give an account of our own research on the types of tasks found in the volumes under scrutiny. Our findings show that there are tasks belonging to each major category (Content, Language, Affect) of Freeman’s taxonomy. We also argue that Freeman’s categorisation needs to be modified: the last one of the three major categories (Affect) is proposed to be renamed and supplemented with a new subcategory that we call ‘Creation’, whereby language learners are required to perform a high-level cognitive task based on the topic of the reading. This modification could allow for the inclusion of tasks that the selected textbook series calls ‘internet research’ and ‘project’, whose aim is to enhance learners’ involvement in the topic of the reading by asking them to search for data and collect relevant information about the topic.
El objetivo de este artículo es identificar, a partir de las formas funcionales del capital y sus procesos de autonomización, especialmente el capital ficticio de Marx (1985), las características y particularidades de la riqueza y las crisis capitalistas recientes. Además de explicar la constitución de las formas del capital, analizaremos algunos indicadores que apuntan a las manifestaciones de las crisis capitalistas observadas a finales del siglo XX y principios del XXI.
Considering that the coloniality of power is impregnated in Brazilian schools and universities, institutionally reproducing racism, the aim of this article is to analyze the historical-normative process of resistance of the black movement for the anti-racist struggle through the epistemological disputes and tensions existing in the elaboration and implementation of educational policies. With an emphasis on Law 10.639, which made it compulsory to teach Afro-Brazilian history and culture in schools, it was possible to see that the law in question is an important milestone, but it is still far from achieving the reach and effectiveness needed to identify and make progress that, beyond hegemonic Western epistemologies in the field of education, makes it possible to confront and overcome racism and promote human rights.
Neste artigo, analisa-se a ética profissional de assistentes sociais frente à precarização do trabalho, com base em pesquisa bibliográfica e empírica realizada com 168 profissionais no Rio Grande do Sul. Os resultados revelam a reatualização do conservadorismo no cotidiano profissional, influenciado por processos de alienação, adoecimento e intensificação da exploração. Identifica-se, contudo, a existência de resistências individuais e coletivas como estratégias ético-políticas. O estudo evidencia o paradoxo entre a adesão formal ao projeto ético-político e a persistência de valores conservadores de cunho pessoal. Conclui-se pela necessidade de superação da alienação, fortalecimento da ética profissional como mediação crítica entre condições objetivas e ação profissional, reafirmando seu caráter histórico, coletivo e emancipatório.
Objetivou-se visibilizar os índices de inserção de pessoas idosas no mercado de trabalho brasileiro, a fim de apontar os desafios de envelhecer na sociedade capitalista. Optou-se por uma pesquisa documental, de tipo mista, focada nos índices do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística, do Instituto de Pesquisa Econômica Aplicada, da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais e do Sistema Nacional de Emprego, com apoio de levantamento bibliográfico. Percebe-se evidente preconceito etário para com a inserção de pessoas idosas no mercado de trabalho. Apesar da população idosa não ser a que mais vivencia o desemprego e a desocupação, está em segundo lugar em termos de acesso, ficando atrás somente dos(as) jovens. Os órgãos de pesquisa apontam que desde 2016 vem aumentando o número de pessoas idosas desempregadas, sendo que diante de tal cenário elas vêm buscando o mercado informal.
This paper seeks to unravel the intricacies involved when translating English collective nouns into Arabic by Palestinian undergraduate translation students. In English, collective nouns like government, jury, and committee allow both singular and plural verb agreement depending on notional or grammatical concord. On the other hand, Arabic places strict grammatical concord on collective nouns by considering them as singular entities despite their semantic plurality. Hence, this cross-linguistic difference poses translation and pedagogical concerns for translators. For the purpose of this study, a structured questionnaire was distributed to 30 students of different academic levels at Al-Najah University. The questionnaire consists of demographic questions, ten English to Arabic trans¬lation tasks involving collective nouns, and reflective questions regarding students’ strategies and their perceptions about the difficulties involved. The data was analyzed thematically and demonstrated that although most students followed Arabic grammatical norms and used singular verb agreement, a minority resorted to notional translation using plural subjects (e.g., members of the committee) together with a plural verb agreement. However, difficulties that arise for students involve the singular and plural agreement, and lexical gaps. Senior students as well as students who had prior exposure to political texts tended to have more syntactic awareness and accuracy. Based on the findings of this paper, explicit instruction is needed on collective noun behavior, and notional versus grammatical agreement. In concordance with these linguistic aspects, this study contributes to translation pedagogy by focusing on context-sensitive equivalence and grammatical awareness in dealing with collective noun constructions between two typologically different languages.
