Objective: to evaluate the effect of local application of dental gel with microencapsulated vitamin D on gingival microcirculation parameters in experimental periodontitis in white rats. Material and methods. A total of 60 white rats were studied (15 in each of the 4 groups): control group – intact animals; comparison group – rats with periodontitis at week 3; placebo group – rats with periodontitis treated with a gel containing microcapsules of silver nanoparticles 0.1; experimental group – rats with periodontitis that had a gel applied to their gum surface containing microcapsules with vitamin D. Microcirculation was investigated using laser Doppler flowmetry on day 21 of the experiment. Results. At the week 3 of the experiment, the comparison group of animals showed an increase in perfusion and a change in both active and passive mechanisms of blood flow modulation. The gel containing AgNP partially reduced the perfusion index by 13% and moderately corrected endothelial-dependent fluctuations, compared to the animals with periodontitis. The use of a gel containing vitamin D in microcapsules as an active component in the experimental group of animals was accompanied by a 15% decrease in the perfusion index compared to the animals with periodontitis at 3 weeks. The amplitude of endothelial oscillations in the experimental group decreased by 42% compared to the comparison group. Neurogenic and myogenic fluctuations in the group treated with a vitamin D-containing gel were 47 and 43% lower, respectively, compared to the periodontitis-affected animals at 3 weeks. Conclusion. The use of a gel containing vitamin D in microcapsules normalizes the microcirculatory parameters of the gums in rats with experimental periodontitis.
Objective: identify the highly relevent molecular cytogenetic technologies for the analysis of chromosomal disorders aimed at robust diagnosis and monitoring of socially significant human diseases. Review methodology. The systematic review was performed on the PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) methodology applying the PubMed, eLibrary, Google Scholar, CyberLeninka databases. The search period was from 2000 to 2025. 50 sources were used to write the review. Conclusion. A review of scientific publications suggests a significant potential of the development of molecular genetic technologies and optical imaging methods to improve the quality of diagnostic laboratory assays. Analysis of studies focused on the chromosomal disorders determination revealed the emergence of new technologies (chromosomal microarray analysis, optical genome mapping) in the diagnosis of previously poorly studied hereditary diseases. Recent studies in the field of microscopic technology related to the development of high-resolution methods for direct luminescent visualization of molecular cytogenetic data, are aimed at the fundamental improve of the identification of predictors for numerous human chromosomal diseases. Modern developmental trends in the bioengineering and nanobiotechnology are aimed at designing specialized multicolor molecular probes and hybrid nano-sized labels, which increase time- and cost efficacy of chromosomal analysis, thus making it convinient for large-scale screening studies.
The article examines the clinical case of an 11-year-old patient diagnosed with cystic fibrosis, which was established with a significant delay. Taking into account the genetic examination, a patient with a severe course of the disease was prescribed targeted therapy with the CFTR modulator drug ivacaftor/tezacaftor/elexacaftor. The authors present an analysis of the dynamics of the patient's condition, including according to functional tests and laboratory tests, one year after the start of this therapy. Positive changes in physical development indicators, respiratory function indicators, a significant decrease in sweat chloride indicators, and an improvement in the X-ray picture in the lungs and paranasal sinuses were noted. In addition, the frequency of forced courses of systemic antibacterial therapy per year decreased from 4-5 to 1. No significant side effects or adverse events were recorded against the background of this therapy.
The presented clinical case of neonatal listeriosis demonstrates the consequences of delayed diagnosis in the absence of concern regarding congenital infection during monitoring of a pregnant woman. Attention is drawn to the difficulties in diagnosing congenital listeriosis due to insufficient motivation among obstetricians when providing care for a pregnant woman, despite the presence of risk factors for anthroponosis. As a result, the diagnosis was only established after identification of the pathogen using bacteriological examination. Delayed diagnosis led to generalized infection in the newborn, necessitating intensive therapy. The chosen therapeutic and diagnostic approaches contributed to a favorable outcome, despite the threat to the child's life.
Objective: to determine the efectiveness of dynamic electrical stimulation on the functional state of the masticatory muscles in patients with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome. Material and methods. The study involved 60 people aged 25 to 60 years with temporomandibular joint pain dysfunction syndrome, who were divided into two groups of 30 people. Patients of the frst group underwent dynamic electrical nerve stimulation in the area of pain complaints, and patients of the second group also in the projection of the trigeminal nerve exit on the face. Elec-tromyographic examination of the masticatory muscles and completion of the McGill pain questionnaire as modifed by V.V. Kuzmenko et al. before and after exposure to dynamic electrical nerve stimulation were performed by all patients. Results. All patients showed a signifcant improvement in the condition of the masticatory and temporal muscles according to electromyography p<0.001 in all measurements, the inclusion of additional zones did not afect the improvement in the condition. According to the pain questionnaire, the treatment results improved in both groups (p<0.001), M±m=10.7±0.89 points and M±m=5.87±0.81 points before and after treatment in the group1, M±m=10.83±0.86 and M±m=5.73±0.65 points before and after treatment in the group 2. When comparing results between groups, there were no signifcant diferences. Conclusion. Dynamic electrical neurostimulation has a positive clinical efect on the functional state of the masticatory and temporal muscles after just one session.
Objective: hygienic parameterization and integral analysis of the priority factors of the educational and industrial environment in vocational training organizations. Material and methods. The actual values of the educational and working environment factors were determined in accordance with the requirements of Russian Federation sanitary regulations 2.4.3648–20 and hygienic rules and sanitary norms 1.2.3685–21. Parameterization of the educational and working environment factors was carried out using factor analysis method, integral analysis of priority factors according to N.I. Novichkova's methodology. Results. The contribution of the leading production factors to the total variance of the indicators of the educational and industrial environment of the vocational school amounted to 23.8, 19.4 and 18.9%. The total accumulated contribution of the factors to the total variance was 65%. The first component included indicators of chemical air pollution in the work area, the second and third factors were sound pressure and vibration levels in the workplace, respectively. The integral score of the three factors was: 2.4–2.02, 1.18–1.46 and 1.17–1.2 points, respectively. Noise and vibration were categorized as conditionally significant factors, and the "chemical" factor had an "unsatisfactory" degree of compliance with modern hygienic requirements. Conclusion. Comprehensive studies of learning conditions in vocational training organizations allowed us to determine the structure of educational and production factors. The roles of chemical and physical factors in the framework of the indication of the leading unfavorable production parameters of the educational environment are established.
Objective: to identify changes in the regulatory T cell (Treg) pool and the expression level of inducible T-cell costimulator (ICOS) and programmed cell death protein (PD-1) on their membrane in metastatic lymph nodes in colorectal cancer (CC). Material and methods. The main group consisted of 105 patients with stage III CC. The clinical comparison group consisted of non-neoplastic pathology (developmental anomalies, stomas, diverticular disease of the colon). The Treg pool and the expression of PD-1 and ICOS were studied using flow cytometry. Results. In metastatic lymph nodes with RTC, the content of Treg increases by 3.5 times (p<0.001), the relative number of naive Treg decreases (p<0.001), the number of central memory Treg expressing CD197 on their membrane increases almost 2 times (p<0.001), and effector memory cells with the CD45RA–CD197– phenotype increase 3.6 times (p<0.001). The number of PD-1−ICOS+ Treg in the total population of CD3+ lymphocytes increases by 3.1 times (p<0.001). The number of Treg with the CD19−CD3+CD4+CD25highCD127−PD-1+ICOS+ phenotype increases by 1.5 times (p<0.001) compared to the control. Conclusion. In patients with RTC, the number of naive Treg in metastatically affected lymph nodes decreases, the relative content of central and effector memory Treg increases, the number of Treg expressing ICOS increases, as well as those simultaneously expressing both the inhibitory protein PD-1 and the stimulating molecule ICOS.
Objective: to determine the duration of the learning curve in laparoscopic and robot-assisted colorectal surgery and to assess its impact on surgical outcomes. Review methodology. A systematic review was conducted using PubMed and eLibrary databases covering the period from 2000 to 2024 that included information about learning curves in colorectal surgery performed with laparoscopic and robot-assisted techniques. Twenty-four articles were selected where surgical outcomes were evaluated based on surgeon experience. Conclusion. The learning curve affects both operation time and surgical outcomes in laparoscopic and robot-assisted interventions: as experience accumulates, intervention durations decrease along with conversion rates and complication frequencies. In robot-assisted technique, the learning curve is shorter than in laparoscopy and depends on prior surgeon experience.
Objective: to identify the most accurate craniometric scheme for determining the anatomical location of the lateral sulcus of the brain in adult men with different skull shapes. Material and methods. The study included computed tomograms of 257 adult men, of whom 113 belonged to the I period of adulthood (21–35 years), and 144 to the II period of adulthood (36–60 years). Methods of craniocephalometric analysis were used to assess the localization of the lateral sulcus. Craniometric schemes were constructed according to the techniques of Taylor – Haughton, Broca, Krönlein (Kocher – Keen), and Rhoton. Results. The most common skull shape among the study participants was brachycranial (46,9% among men of the I period of adulthood and 56,2% among men of the II period of adulthood). In dolichocrania, the location of the lateral sulcus best corresponded to the Rhoton method (82%; p=0.04 – men of the I period of adulthood, p=0.015 – men of the II period of adulthood). In men with a brachycranial skull shape, the greatest correspondence was demonstrated by the Taylor-Haughton method (78%, p=0.020 – men of the I period of adulthood, p=0.003 – men of the II period of adulthood), and with a mesocranial shape – the Krönlein method (p>0.05). Conclusion. Optimal schemes were identified for determining the location of the lateral sulcus of the brain using computed tomography in men with dolichocranial and brachycranial head shapes. For men with mesocrania, an optimal scheme was not revealed, which makes it necessary to further study acceptable approaches for this craniological group.
Objective: to develop and validate a chromatograph mass spectrometric method for the quantitative determination of cucurbitacin B in mouse plasma and liver, kidney, and heart homogenates, and to evaluate the blood cucurbitacin B levels and concentration dynamics following a single oral administration. Material and methods. An Agilent Technologies 1260 Infinity II high-performance liquid chromatograph and an AB Sciex QTrap 3200 MD mass spectrometer were used to develop the method for the quantitative determination of cucurbitacin B. Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent InfinityLab Poroshell 120 EC-C18 analytical column with a gradient mobile phase. Mouse plasma sample preparation consisted of protein precipitation with methanol. Results. To study the pharmacokinetics of the components of the Grapevine officinalis extract, a bioanalytical method for determining cucurbitacin B in mouse plasma using high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed, and cucurbitacin B identification parameters were selected (lower limit of quantification). Conclusion. To determine the pharmacokinetic parameters of cucurbitacin B, it is necessary to search for other analytes – cucurbitacin B metabolites. Consequently, it is impossible to construct a pharmacokinetic curve for cucurbitacin B. The metrological characteristics of the method allow it to be used for the analytical portion of pharmacokinetic studies of both individual substances and plant extracts.
Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the original method of calcaneal osteotomy in treatment of pes planovalgus severe forms in children. Material and methods. The study included 90 patients with flat feet (mean age was 11,5±0,7 years). The 50 children of a similar age without static foot deformities were the comparison group. The patients of the experimental group were operated by using the modified method of treatment pes planovalgus, which includes interfacet osteotomy of the calcaneus with simultaneous correction of the soft-tissue component of the deformity. The postoperative follow-up period was 1,1±0,8 years. The effectiveness of the method was analyzed by use a clinical and instrumental score scale developed specifically for this pathology. Results. Complex clinical and instrumental assessment showed excellent results in 74,7% cases, good – 16,5%, fair – 8,2% and poor – in one child (0,6%). Conclusion. The use of the interfacet osteotomy of the calcaneus in the author's modification provides the best conditions for achieving good anatomical and functional results in treatment of the severe pes planovalgus in children.
A rare clinical case of recurrent laryngopharyngeal fibromyxoma detected 24 months after primary resection is presented. Histologically confirmed tumor recurrence was accompanied by symptoms of upper airway obstruction and phonation and swallowing disorders. Observation emphasizes the exceptional rarity of this localization and the tendency of fibromyx to relapse, which requires a radical surgical approach and long-term oncological monitoring. There is a need for increased alertness of otorhinolaryngologists and oncologists due to the risk of malignancy, even histologically benign mixes with their atypical localization.
The article is dedicated to the 75th anniversary of the birth of an outstanding representative of Saratov surgical school in Russia, a talented scientist and teacher, Head of General Surgery Department at V.I. Razumovsky Saratov State Medical University, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor Yuri G. Shapkin.
Оbjective: to identify problems in the analgesic market by studying consumer behavior regarding drugs of this group. Material and methods. An anonymous online survey was conducted using the author’s questionnaire to study consumer behavior (n=306). Results. 14.1% of respondents regularly use analgesics, primarily to relieve chronic pain of various origins, 43.8% of respondents were generally satisfied with the existing range of analgesics. The main problems arising when purchasing and using drugs of the analgesic group were the number of possible adverse reactions of drugs (34.6%) and unsatisfactory price-quality ratio (32.7%). When choosing an analgesic, the most important factors are the rapid onset of therapeutic effect from the moment of administration (79.7%) and a low number/frequency of adverse reactions (50.3%). The majority of respondents (67.3%) were ready to try a new analgesic. Conclusion. Difficulties in selection and use, as well as low consumer satisfaction with the range of analgesics, have been identified, which justifies the relevance of developing a new drug capable of providing more effective and safe pain relief.
Objective: to present the results of intravitreal application of the new anti-Ang-2 and anti-VEGF-A drug faricimab in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using three clinical cases. Patients with newly diagnosed neovascular AMD received intravitreal faricimab (Vabismo) at a dose of 6 mg (0.05 ml of solution) every 4 weeks in the amount of 4 "loading" injections, further tactics depended on the dynamics and activity of the disease. The use of faricimab in the treatment of neovascular AMD is due to its effect on two mechanisms of pathogenesis: faricimab independently binds and neutralizes both angiopoietin-2 (stabilizes blood vessels, reduces vascular permeability and reduces inflammation) and VEGF-A (reduces vascular permeability and inhibits neovascularization). In the cases we considered the use of faricimab in clinical practice for the treatment of neovascular AMD has demonstrated high efficacy, long-term stabilization of the achieved results, and the absence of adverse events.
Objective: to reveal the problems of practical participation of sanatorium-resort organizations in the system of medical rehabilitation of the population. Review methodology. Using the standardized PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses methodology), 1263 articles were identified for the period 2015–2025. The articles included in the study were 39. Conclusion. Organizational, legal, technological, and personnel problems of practical participation of sanatorium-resort organizations in the system of medical rehabilitation of the population have been identified.
Objective: to analysis of the quality of life associated with the characteristics of the medical and social portrait of patients with cancer in the later stages of the disease. Material and methods. According to the method developed by Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences A.V. Reshetnikov, the socio-demographic characteristics of 417 patients 61±1 years old suffering from cancer of stages III and IV were assessed; 57.4% are women. Quality of life was assessed according to the World Health Organization (WHO QoL 100) international questionnaire, the value of religious beliefs was assessed according to the Yu.Yu. Sinelina scale. Results. The total quality of life score of the respondents was reduced to 74.73 points. To a greater extent, the indicators are reduced in the subspheres "Physical", "Psychological", "Level of independence", "Social relations", "Environment". The decline in quality of life is associated with gender, age, level of education, territory of residence, marital status, level of financial restrictions, duration of illness, value of religious beliefs for the respondent. For 87.8% of respondents, religious beliefs are important. For respondents who regularly pray, the average values of quality of life indicators in the sub-sphere "Physical safety and security" and in the sphere "Environment" were higher. Conclusion. There was a decrease in the average values of quality of life indicators in all areas and subspheres of the WHO QoL 100 questionnaire. Somatically and socially determined differences in quality of life associated with the characteristics of the medical and social portrait of cancer patients in the later stages of the disease were established. Religious beliefs will contribute to improving the quality of life of patients, provided that spiritual needs are taken into account when organizing palliative care.
Objective: to study the dynamics of motor imagery skill acquisition during the use of a brain – computer interface providing visual and vibrotactile biofeedback. Material and methods. The pilot study included 10 healthy volunteers aged 29–34 years. All subjects were right-handed. Within a five-day protocol, two feedback channels were used: visual and vibrotactile. Detection of moments of imagined movements was performed in real time using a classifier based on the analysis of EEG activity patterns. The success rate (proportion) of recognizing imagined movements of the left and right hand was assessed over the course of five experimental sessions. Results. It has been shown that learning is characterized by a U-shaped trajectory: after a short-term decrease in success rate in the middle of the training sessions (from initial values of 76 and 80% to 66 and 71% for the right and left hand, respectively), the performance significantly improves by the 4–5th session, reaching the maximum values for the entire experimental period (approximately 85 and 90%, respectively). This reflects the formation of stable neural patterns. Conclusion. The formation of motor imagery skill using a brain – computer interface with visual and vibrotactile feedback follows a U shaped trajectory, peaking on day 5 of training.
Objective: to evaluate the prognostic significance, sensitivity, and specificity of the short-term NCDR CathPCI, CADILLAC, ACEF, EuroSCORE II, and SYNTAX risk scales in patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Material and methods. The study included 363 patients diagnosed with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome, who underwent primary PCI during hospitalization and a questionnaire based on short-term scales to determine the prognosis of early fatal complications. Results. 28,4% of patients on the ACEF scale, 14,6% on the SYNTAX scale, 13,8% on the CADILLAC scale, 9,9% on the EuroSCORE II scale and only 4.1% on the NCDR-CathPCI scale were classified as high-risk. The CADILLAC (sensitivity: Se=1,000, specificity: Sp=0,907, χ2=118,56; p<0,001) and SYNTAX (Se=1,000, Sp=0,899, χ2=110,78; p<0,001) scales showed maximum sensitivity and high specificity. The ACEF scale showed absolute sensitivity (Se=1,000), but the specificity was 0,754 (χ2=47,81; p<0,001). The EuroSCORE II and NCDR-CathPCI scales showed low sensitivity (Se=0,444 for both scales), but high specificity (EuroSCORE II: Sp=0,919, χ2=25,27; p<0,001, odds ratio: OR=9,06; NCDR-CathPCI: Sp=0,980, χ2=77,69; p<0,001, OR=38,63). Conclusion. The CADILLAC and SYNTAX scales showed the most prognostically significant scales that determine a high prognosis of early fatal complications in patients with – non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome in this study.
Objective: to conduct a comparative analysis of the spectral indices of heart rate (HR) during the six-minute walk test (6MWT), depending on β-blocker intake, and to identify parameters capable of characterizing the contractile function and chamber sizes of the heart in chronic heart failure (CHF). Materials and Methods. The study included patients with compensated CHF of ischemic or hypertensive origin: patients taking β-blockers (main group) and patients who had not taken β-blockers for more than 1 month prior to the 6MWT (comparison group). All participants underwent Doppler echocardiography and the 6MWT. At each stage of the 6MWT, spectral indices of HR were assessed in the frequency band [0; 1] Hz. The following were evaluated: the ratio of the most prominent frequencies in the spectrum for stages II and I (fII/I), stages II and IV (fII/IV) of the 6MWT, and the average HR recovery time. Results. In the main group of patients, no significant correlations were found between the ratios of the HR frequency composition, Doppler echocardiography parameters, and the functional class (FC) of CHF. In the comparison group, a higher left ventricular ejection fraction was associated with a greater fII/I ratio and a shorter HR recovery time. Conclusion. The frequency composition of HR during the 6MWT can serve as a marker of adherence to β-blocker therapy and can also indirectly characterize the contractile function and heart chamber sizes in CHF in the absence of β-blocker intake.
