Two field experiments were carried out at the farm of Fac. Agric., Minia Univ. during two successive winter seasons of 2024/2025 and 2025/2026 to study the response of some bread wheat genotypes to different sowing methods throught yield and its components traits. A split – plot arrangement in RCBD design with 3 replicates was used in which the main plots assigned to sowing methods and sub- plots allocated to bread wheat genotypes. The results revealed that days to heading, grain yield and its components traits in both seasons were significantly affected by sowing methods except straw yield in the first season and 1000- grain weight in the second season, while genotypes were significantly varied concerning all grain yield and its components traits in both seasons. Moreover, planting methods × genotypes possessed significant effect on all studied traits in both seasons. In both seasons, raised beds (drilling on terraces) proved to be the most effective sowing method, where produced, the highest values for grain yield and most of its components traits. However, among the genotypes line 45 achieved the best based on the aforementioned traits. In conclusion, Line 45 with sowing methods of hills on ridges and drilling on terraces obtained the highest grain yield/fed of 24.41 and 24.75 ardab in the first and second seasons, respectively.
This experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons (2024 and 2025) at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, Egypt. Twenty-one Bartemoda date palm were selected to evaluate the impact of foliar applications of salicylic, citric, and ascorbic acids on fruit yield and quality attributes. Each antioxidant was applied at two concentrations: 0.5 and 1.0 g/L per palm. Yield parameters like bunch weight and yield per palm, physical fruit properties (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit dimension) and chemical fruit properties (TSS, sugars contents, acidity, and tannins) were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design featuring seven treatments with three replicates.The results demonstrated that all antioxidant treatments significantly enhanced yield components and improved physical and chemical fruit attributes compared with the untreated control. Among the evaluated treatments, citric acid at 1.0 g/L produced the highest values for bunch weight, total yield per palm, fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, length, diameter, total soluble solids, and total sugars, followed by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Overall, the higher concentration of 1.0 g/L was consistently more effective than the lower concentration of 0.5 g/L. The study recommended spraying with (citric acid) at a concentration of 1.0 g/L as a standalone treatment to improve the yield and fruit quality of 'Bartemoda' date palms grown in kharga conditionsThis experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons (2024 and 2025) at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, Egypt. Twenty-one Bartemoda date palm were selected to evaluate the impact of foliar applications of salicylic, citric, and ascorbic acids on fruit yield and quality attributes. Each antioxidant was applied at two concentrations: 0.5 and 1.0 g/L per palm. Yield parameters like bunch weight and yield per palm, physical fruit properties (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit dimension) and chemical fruit properties (TSS, sugars contents, acidity, and tannins) were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design featuring seven treatments with three replicates.The results demonstrated that all antioxidant treatments significantly enhanced yield components and improved physical and chemical fruit attributes compared with the untreated control. Among the evaluated treatments, citric acid at 1.0 g/L produced the highest values for bunch weight, total yield per palm, fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, length, diameter, total soluble solids, and total sugars, followed by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Overall, the higher concentration of 1.0 g/L was consistently more effective than the lower concentration of 0.5 g/L. The study recommended spraying with (citric acid) at a concentration of 1.0 g/L as a standalone treatment to improve the yield and fruit quality of 'Bartemoda' date palms grown in kharga conditionsThis experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons (2024 and 2025) at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, Egypt. Twenty-one Bartemoda date palm were selected to evaluate the impact of foliar applications of salicylic, citric, and ascorbic acids on fruit yield and quality attributes. Each antioxidant was applied at two concentrations: 0.5 and 1.0 g/L per palm. Yield parameters like bunch weight and yield per palm, physical fruit properties (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit dimension) and chemical fruit properties (TSS, sugars contents, acidity, and tannins) were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design featuring seven treatments with three replicates.The results demonstrated that all antioxidant treatments significantly enhanced yield components and improved physical and chemical fruit attributes compared with the untreated control. Among the evaluated treatments, citric acid at 1.0 g/L produced the highest values for bunch weight, total yield per palm, fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, length, diameter, total soluble solids, and total sugars, followed by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Overall, the higher concentration of 1.0 g/L was consistently more effective than the lower concentration of 0.5 g/L. The study recommended spraying with (citric acid) at a concentration of 1.0 g/L as a standalone treatment to improve the yield and fruit quality of 'Bartemoda' date palms grown in kharga conditionsThis experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons (2024 and 2025) at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, Egypt. Twenty-one Bartemoda date palm were selected to evaluate the impact of foliar applications of salicylic, citric, and ascorbic acids on fruit yield and quality attributes. Each antioxidant was applied at two concentrations: 0.5 and 1.0 g/L per palm. Yield parameters like bunch weight and yield per palm, physical fruit properties (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit dimension) and chemical fruit properties (TSS, sugars contents, acidity, and tannins) were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design featuring seven treatments with three replicates.The results demonstrated that all antioxidant treatments significantly enhanced yield components and improved physical and chemical fruit attributes compared with the untreated control. Among the evaluated treatments, citric acid at 1.0 g/L produced the highest values for bunch weight, total yield per palm, fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, length, diameter, total soluble solids, and total sugars, followed by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Overall, the higher concentration of 1.0 g/L was consistently more effective than the lower concentration of 0.5 g/L. The study recommended spraying with (citric acid) at a concentration of 1.0 g/L as a standalone treatment to improve the yield and fruit quality of 'Bartemoda' date palms grown in kharga conditionsThis experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons (2024 and 2025) at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, Egypt. Twenty-one Bartemoda date palm were selected to evaluate the impact of foliar applications of salicylic, citric, and ascorbic acids on fruit yield and quality attributes. Each antioxidant was applied at two concentrations: 0.5 and 1.0 g/L per palm. Yield parameters like bunch weight and yield per palm, physical fruit properties (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit dimension) and chemical fruit properties (TSS, sugars contents, acidity, and tannins) were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design featuring seven treatments with three replicates.The results demonstrated that all antioxidant treatments significantly enhanced yield components and improved physical and chemical fruit attributes compared with the untreated control. Among the evaluated treatments, citric acid at 1.0 g/L produced the highest values for bunch weight, total yield per palm, fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, length, diameter, total soluble solids, and total sugars, followed by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Overall, the higher concentration of 1.0 g/L was consistently more effective than the lower concentration of 0.5 g/L. The study recommended spraying with (citric acid) at a concentration of 1.0 g/L as a standalone treatment to improve the yield and fruit quality of 'Bartemoda' date palms grown in kharga conditionsThis experiment was conducted during two consecutive seasons (2024 and 2025) at the Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, New Valley University, Egypt. Twenty-one Bartemoda date palm were selected to evaluate the impact of foliar applications of salicylic, citric, and ascorbic acids on fruit yield and quality attributes. Each antioxidant was applied at two concentrations: 0.5 and 1.0 g/L per palm. Yield parameters like bunch weight and yield per palm, physical fruit properties (fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, fruit dimension) and chemical fruit properties (TSS, sugars contents, acidity, and tannins) were evaluated. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design featuring seven treatments with three replicates.The results demonstrated that all antioxidant treatments significantly enhanced yield components and improved physical and chemical fruit attributes compared with the untreated control. Among the evaluated treatments, citric acid at 1.0 g/L produced the highest values for bunch weight, total yield per palm, fruit weight, flesh weight, fruit volume, length, diameter, total soluble solids, and total sugars, followed by salicylic acid and ascorbic acid. Overall, the higher concentration of 1.0 g/L was consistently more effective than the lower concentration of 0.5 g/L. The study recommended spraying with (citric acid) at a concentration of 1.0 g/L as a standalone treatment to improve the yield and fruit quality of 'Bartemoda' date palms grown in kharga conditions
Optimizing magnesium availability through soil fertilization represents an approach for enhancing date palm productivity and achieving sustainable agriculture. This two-season study (2024–2025) investigated the effects of soil-applied magnesium sulfate )MgSO₄( at various rates in combination with a constant rate of humic acid (HA) on growth, nutritional status, yield, and fruit quality of 12-year-old Saidy date palms grown in silty clay soil at 8 × 8 m spacing at a private farm in the Dakhla region, Egypt. Fifteen palms were subjected to five fertilization treatments in a Randomized Complete Block Design with three replicates. Treatments included the recommended mineral fertilization (control) and four rates of MgSO₄ (250, 500, 750, and 1000 g ), each combined with 500 g HA applied in two equal soil doses during March and May. All combined treatments of MgSO₄ and humic acid significantly improved vegetative growth, leaf nutritional status, yield, and fruit quality compared with the control receiving the recommended mineral fertilization alone. Among the treatments, (1000 g MgSO₄ + 500 g HA palm⁻¹) and (750 g MgSO₄ + 500 g HA palm⁻¹) produced the best performance for all evaluated growth, nutritional, yield, and fruit quality parameters. However, no significant differences were detected between these two treatments for most measured traits. Therefore, the application of 750 g MgSO₄ combined with 500 g humic acid per palm can be considered the optimum and most economically efficient fertilization strategy for improving productivity and fruit quality of Saidy date palm under the climatic conditions of EL-Dakhla region, Egypt.
Sixteen Egyptian faba bean genotypes (13 landraces and 3 improved varieties) were evaluated across two winter seasons (2022/23 and 2023/24) through integrated germinability and agronomic assessments. Laboratory data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (CRD) and field data by two-way ANOVA (genotype × season), with mean separation by Tukey's HSD test (α = 0.05). Significant genotypic variability revealed important trade-offs between productivity, nutritional quality, and adaptive traits, from which three elite genotypes with contrasting advantages were identified. Giza-716 delivered the highest seed yield (1.26-1.46 tons/feddan), greatest seedlings vigor (SVI-I: 1511), and maximum pod production (17.0-20.3 pods/plant). LR390 demonstrated outstanding nutritional attributes, including the highest protein concentration (223.18 g kg⁻¹ DW, 26% higher than improved varieties), maximum phenolic content (50.84 mg g⁻¹ FW), superior photosynthetic pigments accumulation (8.301 mg g⁻¹ FW), and exceptional micronutrients (Fe: 58.76, Mn: 30.60, Zn: 15.61 mg kg⁻¹ DW), emerging as a nutritional powerhouse. Misr-03 uniquely balanced stable yield performance (1.19-1.37 ton/feddan) with superior micronutrient density (Fe: 58.22, Mn: 31.46, Zn: 16.20 mg kg⁻¹), integrated antioxidant defense systems (minimal MDA: 0.346 µm g⁻¹),and elevated potassium (22.83%), indicating drought tolerance. Stability analysis showed Cairo and LR landraces (bi: 0.17-0.83) adapted to stress environments, LR212 (bi ≈ 1.0) performed consistently across environments, while Giza-716, Giza-843, and Misr-03 (bi: 2.67-3.33) responded strongly to favorable conditions. Strong correlations among traits (r = 0.76-0.95, P ≤ 0.01) support selection for climate-smart, nutrient-dense cultivars. Hybridization between high-yielding varieties and nutrient-dense landraces offers opportunities to address the yield-quality-resilience trade-off in future faba bean improvement programs.
The investigation was conducted through 2023 & 2024 seasons at the private vineyard in Samalut, Minia, Egypt, to examine the impact of the foliar applications with proline and glycine betaine in the vegetative growth and cluster quality of Superior Seedless grapevines. Twelve-year-old vines growing in soil that is sandy loam and spaced at 2 m x 3 m. These vines were managed with a system of drip irrigation and trained using Spanish parron trellising method. The vines were cane-pruned during the fourth week of December. Nine treatments were conducted as follows: foliar spraying with proline and glycine betaine at two concentrations (0.02 or 0.04%) were applied either individually or in combination, in addition to the control treatment. The findings demonstrated that the combined use of proline and glycine betaine in a high dose (0.04%) had the best results by ensuring the optimal aspects of vegetative growth and increased leaf contents of N, P and K, enhancing yield along with improving physical and chemical cluster quality attributes of Superior Seedless cultivar.
Two fields' experiments were conducted at the Al-Matana, Station of Agricultural Research, (latitude,25.25 North and longitude, 32.31 East) Egypt's Agricultural Research Center during seasons of 2024/25 and 2025/26, to determine the optimal Bio-fertilizers and the most efficient combination of weed control in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) productivity. Three replicates were used in the split-plots design. Three Bio-fertilizers (Mycor-rhiza, Azoto-bacter and unfertilizer) were utilized to the main plots. As the experiment's subplots, six different weed-control treatments were distributed at random as follows: (Lomax at 1.7 l feddan-1. after planting and before irrigation (pre), Dynamic at 0.7 L feddan-1. pre, Lomax at a rate of 1.7 L feddan-1 pre + Garlon at 0.4 L feddan-1 post emergence, Dynamic at 0.7 L feddan-1 pre + Garlon at 0.4 L feddan-1 post, hand hoeing thrice and Weedy check). Results indicated that lowest broad-leaved, grassy, and total weed dry weight (gm-2) resulted from Bio-fertilizers using Mycor-rhiza and Azoto-bacter under Dynamic pre + Garlon post or hand hoeing three in two sowing seasons. Also, these treatments produced higher improved crop growth, yield, and sugar quality. The best treatment was obtained from using micro-fertilizers with hand hoeing thrice gave the highest cane and sugar yields ton/fed, while, using (Mycor-rhiza with Dynamic) gave the highest net-income/fed and benefit-cost ratio compared with other Bio-fertilizers underneath weed control treatments.
The current study was conducted at Gemmeiza Agricultural Research Station, ARC, Egypt, to examine the efficacy of pedigree method (PM), modified bulk method (MB), and single seed descent method (SSD) for cumulative yield and its components in three bread wheat populations, during the growing seasons of 2021/2022–2024/2025.Analysis of variance revealed a highly significant impact of the selection methods, genotypes and their interactions for all studied characters, showing that comeback to selection varied with the used method. In population-1, progenies differed significantly among methods; the MB method produced the highest number of spikes /plant, grain yield /plant and 100-kernel weight, while the SSD method produced the highest number of grains /spike. Overall, MB method was identified as the most efficient method for cultivating grain yield /plant. In populations 2 and 3, PM showed superiority performance for number of spikes/plant, grain yield /plant and 100-kernel weight. Phenotypic and genotypic variances for grain yield/plant varied among populations and methods, with values of 22.32 and 20.36 in population-1, 80.14 and 74.35 in population-2, and 19.03 and 15.39 in population-3 under PM; 12.82 and 9.25, 21.54 and 15.84, and 18.21 and 14.61 under MB; and 57.91 and 55.00, 42.98 and 39.71, and 25.99 and 23.94 under SSD, respectively. Broad sense heritability estimates ranged from 72.11% (MB, population-1) to 94.97% (SSD, population-1) indicating that environmental factors had less of an impact on grain yield /plant than genetic factors.
The present study was conducted at the experimental farm of the Rice Research Department, Sakha, Egypt, during the 2024 and 2025 growing seasons. The objectives were to evaluate genetic diversity and inheritance patterns of grain yield and its associated traits in F3 and F4 rice populations, identify superior families through selection and estimate the heritability of yield and its related traits. Twenty-five and twenty populations from each of the six hybrid combinations were evaluated in the F3 and F4 generations, respectively. The results showed highly significant differences among the F3 and F4 populations across the traits studied. The mean squares for variance between families was highly significant for all traits in both F3 and F4, indicating the presence of substantial genetic variation and the effectiveness of selection. The mean values of most traits studied in the F4 population were higher than those of the F3 populations, except for days to heading, indicating the effectiveness of selection for these traits. It could be concluded that there was genetic diversity among the mean performance of F3 and F4 generations for the studied traits in the six hybrid combinations. The mean performance values indicated improvement for most traits through selection, with Giza 177 x Sakha super 300, Sakha 106 x Sakha 108, Sakha 108 x Sakha 109, and Sakha 108 x Sakha super 300 showing high broad-sense heritability, which indicated that genotypic variance plays an important role in the inheritance of these traits for developing new promising high-yielding lines from segregation generations. This indicates the effectiveness of selection for these characters in F3 or later generations.
In Egypt, the main rice farming takes place in the northern part of the Nile delta near the Mediterranean Sea, where it struggles with soil and irrigation water salinity issues. Two field trials were conducted in saline soil environments at El-Sirw Agricultural Research Station. Test farm in Damietta governorate throughout the rice cultivation periods of 2024 and 2025. This research sought to determine the best genotypes capable of flourishing under salt stress and to improve this variety using trehalose as a foliar application, acting as a crucial compatible solute and stress protector in plants. Trehalose significantly enhanced salinity tolerance by increasing relative water content by 8.2% and 6.9% and reducing H₂O₂ content by 22.6% and 21.1% in 2024 and 2025, respectively. Antioxidant enzyme activities (APX, CAT, and SOD) were also improved. Grain yield increased by 8.8% and 8.6%, while hulling, milling, and head rice percentages improved compared with untreated plants. Sakha Super303 and Sakha Super302 produced the highest grain yields (7.58–7.61 and 7.40–7.52 t ha⁻¹, respectively) and exhibited superior grain quality under saline conditions. These genotypes, together with Giza178 and Giza183, are recommended for cultivation in salt-affected areas when combined with trehalose.
