This paper addresses the instability and growth dynamics in crop variables (i.e., production, area and yield) of major cereal crops of India viz., rice and wheat. The secondary data pertaining to a period of thirty years from 1994 to 2023 were utilized for the analysis. The concerned period was further splitted into three parts viz., period-I (1994–2008), period-II (2009–2023) and the pooled period, i.e., overall period (1994–2023) for comparative analysis of instability and growth. The analytical methods considered in the study involved log-linear regression, Cuddy–Della Valle (CDV) instability index, compound annual growth rate (CAGR), and decomposition analysis. The outcomes of instability analysis revealed that, during the overall period, both rice and wheat witnessed highest instability in terms of production, followed by yield and cropped area. Furthermore, both the crops reported steady growth in production, area, and yield during period-II as compared to that of period-I. Also, during the overall period, the growth rates in production and area of wheat were observed to be slightly high as compared to that of rice. Moreover, the findings of decomposition analysis revealed that output growth in both rice and wheat production in India was primarily driven by the yield effect, contributing 74.13% in rice and 54.08% in wheat. The area effect showed a moderate contribution, accounting for 17.08% in rice and 33.02% in wheat, while the interaction effect contributed the least, with 8.67% in rice and 12.90% in wheat. The results also suggested that improvements in yield played a significant role, rather than area expansion, in enhancing rice and wheat production during the study period. The findings of this study could provide significant insights towards policy formulation strategies for enhancement of rice and wheat production for meeting global nutritional security through sustainable agricultural practices.
Banana peel is an underutilized agricultural by-product rich in nutrients and secondary metabolites that may serve as a natural plant growth promoter. This study evaluated the influence of banana peel extract on the germination and early vegetative growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings. Seeds were treated with varying concentrations of banana peel extract (1%, 3%, and 5%) and compared with a tap-water control. Growth experiments were conducted using 20 mL, 40 mL, and 60 mL extract volumes applied to seedlings for 30 days. Phytochemical screening of aqueous and ethanolic extracts was performed to identify major metabolites. Results showed that cucumber seeds treated with 3% and 5% extract exhibited 100% germination, compared with 40% in the control. Tomato seeds displayed maximum germination (100%) at 3% extract. Cucumber seedlings receiving 60 mL extract demonstrated the greatest shoot length (14.9 cm) and biomass (1.5458 g), whereas tomato seedlings responded most positively to moderate extract volumes (20 – 40 mL). Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and triterpenoids. The findings indicate that banana peel extract enhances seed germination and early seedling development, highlighting its potential use as a sustainable biofertilizer.
Bacillus pumilus, PhS 6-1, was isolated from the stem of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels. In the present work, the metabolite extracted from this endophyte was investigated for antibacterial, antioxidant, antiglycation, and cytotoxic activities. The extract showed antibacterial activity against clinically important bacteria: Escherichia coli (11.33 ± 0.58 mm), Enterococcus faecalis (20.67 ± 1.15 mm), Staphylococcus aureus (19.33 ± 1.15 mm), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.33 ± 1.53 mm), Bacillus cereus (18.00 ± 0.00 mm), and multidrug-resistant S. aureus (17.33 ± 0.58 mm). The MIC values for all tested bacterial species ranged from 12.5 to 25 mg/mL, while the MBC values ranged from 50 to >100 mg/mL. The extract exhibited mild antioxidant activity with a percentage inhibition of 12.77 ± 3.34 and showed no antiglycation activity. The total phenolic content was 39.39 ± 1.06 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g. The hemolytic assay revealed low hemolytic activity (18.06 ± 2.9% lysis), indicating good biocompatibility. PhS 6-1 also showed strong antagonistic effects against phytopathogenic fungi, particularly Pythium sp. and Rhizoctonia solani. Plant growth-promoting capabilities, such as nitrogen fixation and potassium solubilization, were observed, highlighting its potential in sustainable agriculture. GC–MS profiling of the ethyl acetate extract identified twelve compounds, including 2,3-butanediol, nonane, undecane, 1-tridecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene, 1-(+)-ascorbic acid 2,6-dihexadecanoate, behenic alcohol, 9-octadecenoic acid, N-tetracosanol, and 17-pentatriacontene. Finally, sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and BLAST analysis confirmed PhS 6-1 as Bacillus pumilus with 99.93% identity.
In order to combat plant diseases and produce profitable agricultural crops, biocontrol agents derived from bacteria offer sustainable and eco-friendly options. Numerous fungal diseases have been successfully treated by some advantageous strains of Bacillus subtilis. The bacterial strain used in this study, designated S1-10, was isolated from a marine sediment sample. The antifungal qualities of the isolate were evaluated against eight out of ten plant-pathogenic fungi. The highest cellulolytic activity of the isolate was observed after four days of incubation. The association of the strain with Bacillus subtilis was confirmed by phylogenetic analysis based on the sequences of the gyrB and 16S rRNA regions. The NCBI has received strain S1-10, which has been assigned accession codes OR708648 for 16S and PV007904 for gyrB
The global focus on waste management and recycling is increasing, driven by the need to protect the environment from the harmful effects of waste accumulation. This study evaluated the chemical composition, bioactive potential, and microbial quality of shrimp waste, revealing significant variations across treatments and locations. Ghalyoun shrimp heads exhibited the highest protein (41.6%) and fat (16.9%) contents, while shells and tails from Port Said and head from Ghalyoun shrimp were rich in calcium (76.55 mg/g, 75.9 mg/g), respectively. Phenolic content was highest in Jumbo Suez heads (77.06 mg GAE/g DM), exhibiting maximum antioxidant activity of 65.8% (DPPH assay) in the same sample. Furthermore, HPLC analysis showed pyrogallol dominance in Ghalyoun shells (32,974 ppm) and Ismalawy heads (32,907 ppm), while Jumbo Suez heads had the highest gallic acid (4,508 ppm) and catechol (8,514 ppm). Ellagic acid peaked in Jumbo Suez (10,643 ppm), confirming strong bioactive potential. Heavy metals, including Pb and Ni, were highest in heads (1.3 mg/g and 1.34 mg/g, respectively), but effective chelation treatments, particularly T6 (acetic acid 12.5% + citric acid 5% + Sodium chloride 5%), significantly reduced these levels and microbial contamination, lowering total microbial counts to 3.57 log CFU/g. The findings suggest shrimp waste, particularly heads, as a valuable resource for antioxidants, proteins, and minerals, with appropriate treatments ensuring safety for industrial applications
Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller, 1774) is among the most harmful pests for many crops. Using natural molluscicides is essential to reduce the adverse effects of chemical ones on the biosystem. The toxicity of Moringa oleifera seed oil was determined, and LC50 and LC90 were 20.06% and 29.5%, respectively, after 72 hr of exposure. Moringa oil diminished the survival rate of Cornu aspersum (O. F. Müller, 1774) by 50% compared to the control (98.6%). Moreover, Moringa oil significantly increased the apoptosis and necrosis of digestive and ovotestis gland cells (P ≤ 0.02). By the end of the experiment, the proportion of apoptotic cells rose dramatically to 62.6% and 50.3% in the digestive and ovotestis glands, respectively, compared to the control (10.8% and 12.3%). In addition, the percentage of necrotic cells significantly increased to 21.5% and 24.7% (P ≤ 0.05), while the control values were 5.6% and 4.5%, respectively, at the 8% concentration. Regarding the digestive gland, Moringa oil caused vacuolation, nuclear pyknosis, and haemocyte infiltration. Deficiency of mature ova and spermatozoa, fibrosis, degeneration, and necrosis were recorded in the ovotestis. Moringa oil has proved its effectiveness as a natural molluscicide
This study assessed the pesticidal effect of Bacillus thuringiensis isolate against Callosobruchus maculatus (cowpea weevil) infesting stored cowpea seeds. B. thuringiensis isolate was obtained through liquid fermentation using sucrose water as a substrate, then transferred onto talc powder for solid formulation. A six-month shelf-life study of the solid formulation was conducted using total microbial plate count. Insect mortality bioassays were performed by applying liquid and solid B. thuringiensis formulations to cowpea seeds containing first-generation adult C. maculatus, with mortality recorded over 12 and 7 days, respectively. Enzyme activity was assessed using specific enzyme substrates. Results showed a gradual decline in microbial count over time in the solid formulation. The bioassay revealed 100% mortality for the liquid medium and for the solid medium of the B. thuringiensis isolate. The B. thuringiensis isolate also significantly delayed the first-generation emergence of C. maculatus. Enzyme analysis indicated the production of cuticle-degrading enzymes—protease, lipase, and exochitinase with varying activity levels. This study concludes that B. thuringiensis isolate effectively controls C. maculatus, likely due to its cuticle-degrading enzymes, and has potential as a bio-control agent for stored cowpea pest management. However, higher concentrations are necessary in talc based formulations to maintain an adequate shelf life.
Drought is a main stress factor for rice yields, causing substantial economic losses, and climate change is intensifying its impact. Meanwhile, Myanmar is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries in the world, with agriculture facing significant challenges. In this study, to determine the osmotic stress response of rice varieties in Myanmar under drought conditions, 16 rice varieties were screened hydroponically using 15-20% polyethylene glycol 6000 at the seedling stage. After 14 days of treatment, morpho-physiological and biochemical parameters of rice were recorded. Based on the Drought Resistant Index derived from plant growth parameters and IRRI SES score, we were able to classify that rice varieties STK, ST-STL, LTH, NMTL, MNTK, AYPDT, PTY, STY and Yar8 were categorized as drought tolerant genotypes, while YZLT, PSBK, Y90, Yar9, IR64 and DL17 were identified as moderately drought tolerant genotypes. SAKR3 was found to be drought-susceptible. The genetic diversity of 16 rice varieties using 34 SSR markers related to drought traits flanking over 12 rice chromosomes detected a total of 100 alleles with the average polymorphic information content (PIC) value of 0.43 while RM481 showed the highest PIC value of 0.68. Cluster analysis using UPGMA divided the rice varieties into two distinct groups: one comprising PSBK and NMTL and the other containing the remaining 14 varieties. A total of 15 SSR markers were significantly associated with 11 morpho-physiological and biochemical traits at a P-value of < 0.05 while only 7 SSR markers were related with 5 traits at a P-value of < 0.01. These findings will support breeders and researchers in developing new drought tolerant rice varieties and in identifying new QTLs across various chromosome regions.
Streptococcosis and its management are major constraints to tilapia aquaculture. The present study assessed the effect of oral administration of 12 mg oxolinic acid (OA)/kg fish/day for 7 uninterrupted days against Streptococcus agalactiae LCR1 (Sa) infection and its influence on histopathological anomalies in the forebrain, optic tectum region of the mid-brain and granular cell layer of the cerebellum of Oreochromis niloticus. Besides, attempts were made to understand how the OA impacts the glycosyltransferases and CAMP factor of S. agalactiae through molecular docking. The LD₅₀ of Sa was 1.26 × 10⁸ cells/fish. Sa infection was apparent in OA-treated and untreated groups, and the brain tissues exhibited the progression and reversal of meningitis. The forebrain exhibited thickening of the meninx primitiva, vacuolation, and degeneration in the brain parenchyma and meninx primitiva. Inflammatory changes such as meningitis and mononuclear cell infiltration were documented. The midbrain had edematous optic tectum, loosening of connective tissue, and leukocyte infiltration. In the granular cell layer, cerebellum changes such as spongiform encephalopathy and necrosis indicate region-specific damage. However, the OA effectively reduced the severity of brain tissue damage, possibly by its binding affinities and upsetting the activities of glycosyltransferases and CAMP factor, as confirmed by molecular docking. These results confirmed that OA can cross the blood-brain barrier and interact with virulence proteins to reduce the Sa infection in the brain. Furthermore, the results underscore its responsible use in aquaculture, as OA is a critically important human medicine and ought to be used as a secondary treatment.
The potential antidepressant effects of dietary L-arginine (L-Arg) were investigated in male white laboratory rats with corticosterone-induced depression. Daily administration of L-Arg at a dose of 150 mg/kg for 14 consecutive days significantly alleviated depressive-like behaviors and improved cognitive performance. Furthermore, L-Arg supplementation restored serotonin levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, which had been reduced following intraperitoneal corticosterone injection. To evaluate the antioxidant properties of L-Arg, quantitative changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) levels were measured in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampal cells of depressive rats following L-Arg administration. The findings revealed that L-Arg normalized lipid peroxidation processes that had been enhanced under depressive conditions. L-Arg treatment significantly reduced elevated levels of these oxidative stress markers. Additionally, it increased the activity of key antioxidant enzymes, including mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase, whose activities had been suppressed in the depressive state. Kinetic analysis of enzymatic reactions indicated that the increased activity of these antioxidant enzymes in the brain cells of depressive rats was not due to structural modifications of the enzymes, but rather to an increase in their abundance. This effect is likely attributable to the activation of biosynthetic processes in brain cells triggered by L-Arg administration.
This work presents the effects of increasing temperature on the physiological changes of Portunus segnis in natural environments (in situ) and under controlled conditions (in vivo). Following the increase in temperature from 19°C to 30°C and 40°C, physicochemical analyses showed that the percentages of oxygen consumption increased and the quantities of dissolved oxygen decreased. Under the effect of natural and controlled thermal stresses (19°C, 30°C and 40°C), the water and ash contents in the muscles of blue crabs decreased with increasing temperature. For protein, glycogen and lipid contents, a decrease was observed with increasing water temperature. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) significantly increased compared to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), mainly eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which gradually decreased with increasing temperature. These results highlight the need to closely monitor climate change, particularly temperature increases, due to their potential impact on the structure and stability of biological macromolecules. Such alteration can compromise essential physiological functions of aquatic organisms. These findings open new avenues for future research aimed at better understanding adaptation and resilience mechanisms to thermal stress in a warming climate.
Protein components of the salivary glands of disease vectors have been known to facilitate the blood-feeding process in the host body. The main component of the salivary glands of Aedes aegypti is the immunogenic D7 protein. During the blood-feeding process, the D7 protein can bind to biogenic amine compounds, such as serotonin, which is a neurotransmitter involved in platelet activation. This ability indicates that the D7 protein can inhibit the platelet aggregation process. This study aims to explore in silico the interaction between serotonin and the D7 protein from the salivary glands of Ae. aegypti using a molecular docking approach. The methods used in this study include the selection of the 3D structure of the D7 protein and serotonin ligand, preparation of the 3D structure of the D7 protein, native ligands, and test ligands, validation of the molecular docking method, and analysis and visualization of the molecular docking results. The results of molecular docking between the D7 protein and the serotonin ligand showed a ∆G value for the interaction of −9.25 kcal/mol. The serotonin ligand binds to the active site of the D7 protein through several amino acid residues, including GLU 158, ILE 175, ARG 176, TYR 178, TYR 248, ASP 265, and GLU 268. These amino acid residues of the D7 protein bind to atoms on the serotonin ligand through conventional hydrogen bonds, carbon hydrogen bonds, π-σ bonds, π-π T-shaped bonds, and π-alkyl bonds. Based on the in silico data, it is shown that the D7 protein from the salivary glands of Ae. aegypti can bind stably and spontaneously to serotonin ligands. This indicates that the D7 protein has potential as a platelet aggregation inhibitor agent for the development of drug discovery in the fields of health and pharmacy.
This study aims to evaluate the biodegradability of 24 bio-composites synthesized from polypropylene and esterified plant fibers, with bentonite serving as a filler. The biodegradation process was conducted using Aspergillus niger. The study utilized standard laboratory equipment and the melt flow indexer. After three months of biodegradation, all biocomposites under investigation showed a significant loss in their weights. This is a logical observation because Aspergillus niger consumed parts of biocomposites as food during the biodegradation. The study also evaluated properties including density, melting point, melt flow rate (MFR), melt viscosity, molecular weight, and water absorption capacity. Densities, melting range temperature, and molecular weights were decreased (decreasing in molecular weights). The values of biodegraded composites after the biodegradation process for three months are in good agreement with the fact that the molecular chain breaks and the chain length shortens after any degradation process. Water absorption capacities were significantly increased (due to the holes resulting from the Aspergillus niger attack) for all biocomposites under study; this is considered very good evidence for biodegradation.
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) occupies the third leading position among grain legumes in cultivated area around the world. Ascochyta blight (AB) caused by Ascochytarabiei (Pass.) Labr. is one of the most destructive foliar diseases of chickpea and can cause complete crop failure in many chickpea growing regions around the world. A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population, comprising 165 lines derived from the cross FLIP98-1065 (R) ILC1929 (S),were evaluated in six environments over three years (2008 – 2011) and three locations in Syria (field and greenhouse locations in Tel Hadya “TH“ and a field location at Lattakia “Lat“). The greenhouse experiments were conducted against AB pathotype II. ANOVA analysis indicated significant differences both among the RILs and among the environments. We produced a total of 1398 (134 SSR, 652 DArTseq and 612 SNP) markers and developed a high-resolution genetic map (1244 markers spanning 2503 cM on eight linkage groups). Three major conserved quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that confer AB resistance were identified: two on linkage group 2 (indicated as LG2-A and LG2-B) and one on linkage group 4 (indicated as LG4). These explain, respectively, a maximum of 18.5%, 11.1% and 25% of the total variation. In total, 18 predicted genes were located in LG4, and 9 and10 predicted genes, respectively, were located in LG2-A and LG2-B. This study presents a first set of SNP markers located within genes associated with AB resistance in chickpea, which could be applied in marker-assisted selection programs for breeding AB-resistant chickpeas.
This study aimed to evaluate the performance of three quinoa genotypes (Giza1, Danish KVL3704, and Misr1) under three irrigation intervals (every three, six, and nine days). Genetic diversity among nine quinoa accessions was assessed using eight ISSR primers, yielding robust amplification products and polymorphic fingerprint patterns. A total of 102 bands were generated, averaging 12.75 bands per primer. Among these, 52 fragments were polymorphic, resulting in an average of 6.5 polymorphic bands per primer and an overall polymorphism level of 40.9%. Primer ISSR-8 exhibited the highest polymorphic capacity with 17 polymorphic bands, while primer ISSR-15 displayed the highest frequency (0.9). In contrast, primers ISSR-8 and ISSR-10 exhibited the lowest frequency (0.5). The polymorphism percentage ranged from 20% for primer ISSR-15 to 88% for primer ISSR-10. The similarity index revealed a minimum value of 78% between treatments, clustering the nine accessions into eight groups across four similarity levels, from 80% to a maximum of 93%. Dendrogram analysis underscored the utility of ISSR-PCR in detecting genetic relationships among quinoa accessions. These findings highlight the potential of ISSR-PCR as a reliable tool for genetic diversity studies and its applicability in quinoa breeding programs.
Fourteen water samples were collected from different locations of Mandalay and Kyaukse Township. Among them, eight bacterial isolates named A1 to A8 were nominated as Azotobacter according to their colonial morphology, microscopic morphology, and pigment production. According to the biochemical characteristics and sequence analysis of isolated bacteria, they were Azotobacter chroococcum, Azotobacter vinelandii, and Azotobacter beijerinckii. The phosphate solubilizing of these isolates was observed from 2.3 to 2.6 SI, and A4 had the highest solubility index. The potassium decomposing of these isolates was observed 2.5 to 3.8 SI, and A6 and A8 had the highest K-decomposing activity. The zinc solubilizing of these isolates was observed at 2.3 to 3.5 SI, and A3 had the highest zinc solubilizing index. Screening methods showed that all eight strains have nitrogen fixing activity and Indole Acetic Acid (IAA) producing activity. The antagonistic activity of all isolated strains was also found against Pythium sp. and Fusarium oxysporum. The isolated Azotobacter sp. can be used as biofertilizer in the agriculture sector, which can increase crop yields and enhance soil fertility according to their plant growth promoting activities
The present study investigated the development of beads from alginate and mushroom powder for the removal of lead (Pb) and manganese (Mn) from water. Batch biosorption experiments were conducted, varying pH and the composition of alginate and mushroom powder. Results indicated that the combination of alginate and mushrooms achieved over 86.8\% reduction in Pb and 65.9\% reduction in Mn concentrations, with higher reductions observed for both metals at pH 5. These findings suggest that the beads effectively reduced Pb and Mn concentrations, with the mushroom content playing a significant role in their efficacy. The analysis of the FTIR spectrum showed that the uptake of metal ions by mushrooms involves interactions of ions with hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amide groups. This study underscored the potential applications of these beads in addressing heavy metal pollution in water sources. By providing a sustainable and effective method for heavy metal removal, the use of alginate and mushroom-based beads could offer a valuable solution for environmental remediation efforts.
The buildup of plastic waste in the passive zone of the Supit Urang landfill located in Malang City has been ongoing since 2018. Currently, plastic waste in this area appears brittle and cracked, potentially providing a habitat for polypropylene (PP)-degrading bacteria. This research aims to explore the potential of PP-degrading bacteria using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) techniques in the passive zone of the Supit Urang landfill, Malang City. Our study was conducted in four steps: 1) sampling and sample collection, 2) DNA sequencing, 3) bioinformatics analysis, and 4) bibliometric analysis for identification of PP-degrading bacteria. Based on the results of full-length sequencing using Oxford Nanopore Technologies with whole amplicon sequencing techniques, a total of 2,496 sequences were read, and 1,713 sequences were identified as species in the passive zone of the Supit Urang landfill. The most abundant bacterial phyla in this region were Proteobacteria (51%), Firmicutes (21%), Acidobacteria (7%), Bacteroidetes (6%), Planctomycetes (4%), Actinobacteria (3%), Gemmatimonadetes (2%), Nitrospirae (2%), and Chloroflexi (2%). These results indicate that Proteobacteria and Firmicutes are abundant in the passive zone of TPA Supit Urang and could potentially biodegrade microplastics such as polypropylene. The narrative review's research showed that numerous bacterial species, including Bacillus thuringiensis, B. cereus, and Bacillus sp., were identified by NGS analysis as possible PP-degrading bacteria.
Chickpea is a commonly grown crop, but it is vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stresses. Leaf miner (Liriomyza cicerina) is a pest that can cause severe yield losses of up to 40% if not properly controlled. This study was conducted at ICARDA (Aleppo, Syria) during the 20112012 growing seasons. Two recombinant inbred lines, ILC 5901 (LM resistant) and ILC 3397 (LM susceptible), were crossed to yield 350 F2 plants, which were then screened for pathogen tolerance. The resistance of the plants was screened using a scale of one to nine, with 1 indicating complete resistance and 9 indicating complete susceptibility. A set of 600 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were validated on both parents, and 51 of these markers showed variation and were used to construct a genetic linkage map. QTL analysis was performed to determine the linkage groups responsible for line variations. The QTL analysis found that linkage groups TA37, TA34, and H4F03 were responsible for 22% of line variations, while unmapped NCPRG48 and H1C092 revealed 55.3% and 26.8% of the LIS variance, respectively, and displayed a warped dominance toward the susceptible parent. The H1C092 marker, which is significantly associated with LM, is located on Chr3 near a gene encoding the glutathione S-transferase gene family enzyme, which protects cellular macromolecules from attack by reactive electrophiles. The highly associated markers were field tested for three years to confirm their connection with LM resistance in 200 chickpea genotypes. The study showed marker-associated selection, which could accelerate the conventional breeding of LM-resistant chickpea germplasm. The markers linked to LM resistance and the identification of the protective enzyme gene offer promising avenues for further research. This study represents a significant step forward in understanding the genetics of LM resistance in chickpea and provides valuable information for breeding programs aimed at improving chickpea production.
The blue swimming crab Portunus segnis has a great economic interest in local and foreign fishing markets and is in high demand by consumers. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the change in total lipid (TL), fatty acids composition and nutritional quality indices (NQI) of the meat of blue swimming crab Portunus segnis after freezing at -18◦C for 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The comparison of fresh and frozen crabs showed that freezing had significant effects on the nutritional quality of this marine product. Lipid peroxidation was enhanced during the freezing process. Total lipid content decreased significantly as a function of days of storage, especially from 30 days. A significant change was also observed in the fatty acid composition of frozen crab meat. During the freezing process, saturated fatty acids (SFA) increased significantly, while polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) decreased. We can conclude that storage of blue crab P. segnis at -18◦C was not efficient enough for long preservation, as it has a strong effect on the deterioration of the nutritional quality of the meat over time. Frozen crabs should preferably be consumed within 15 days of storage. Our research targets both domestic and international consumers of this crab, with a specific focus on restaurants and hotels that incorporate this item into their menus. We recommend that consumers of this product exercise increased caution regarding the advantages and drawbacks associated with the freezing techniques employed.
