The article examines the influence of different types of students’ intelligence, classified according to Howard Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences, on their academic performance in general physics. The study involved 58 first grade bachelor students enrolled in the educational program Intelligent Control Systems. According to their dominant type of intelligence, the students were divided into three subgroups: Hard Skills, Soft Skills, and Hard/Soft Skills. The classification was based on the dominant abilities formed as a result of the prevalence of particular types of intelligence identified by Gardner. Based on the results of tests in mechanics and electromagnetism, the academic performance of each group was evaluated. The analysis showed that students with dominant Hard Skills intelligence (logical–mathematical, naturalistic, and kinesthetic) demonstrated the highest results (average score of 93.3%), whereas students with Soft Skills intelligence (intrapersonal, interpersonal, and existential) and mixed types (linguistic, musical, and visual–spatial) showed comparatively lower academic performance. The findings highlight the importance of considering students’ cognitive profiles when organizing the educational process and developing differentiated teaching methods. The results may be useful for teachers of natural sciences and specialists in the field of pedagogy.
This work is devoted to studying the influence of temperature on the stability of mechanical equilibrium and the nature of mass transfer in binary gas mixtures in a gravitational field using the Ar–N₂ system as an example. It considers isothermal mixing of gases in a two-flask apparatus, in which the loss of mechanical equilibrium is caused by the formation of unstable concentration stratification of density during the mutual diffusion of components with different molecular weights. The main objective of the study is to establish the role of temperature in the formation and evolution of diffusion-convective mass transfer regimes at different pressures. To this end, numerical modeling was performed in the ANSYS Fluent software package in a three-dimensional setting using component transport equations and the SST k–ω turbulent model. Temperature is considered as an external parameter affecting the stability of the system through changes in the mutual diffusion coefficients and transport properties of the mixture. It has been established that temperature is a determining factor in the stability of mechanical equilibrium in a binary gas mixture. An increase in temperature leads to a weakening of concentration-driven gravitational convection due to an increase in the diffusion mobility of the components, which manifests itself both in the stabilization of the system near the stability boundary and in a decrease in the relative efficiency of convective transport in the region of developed convection. Numerical modeling made it possible to reconstruct the temporal dynamics of the mixing process and reveal the evolution of convective structures that is inaccessible to experimental measurements. The results obtained are in good agreement with experimental data and expand our understanding of the temperature control of diffusion-convective processes in binary gas systems.
This paper presents the results of a comprehensive study of the desorption characteristics of expanded perlite grade M100 (LLP “UNION PERLITE”, Republic of Kazakhstan) impregnated with a liquid radioactive waste (LRW) simulant at a sorbent-to-solution mass ratio of 1:6. The investigations were performed by TGA/DSC-MS simultaneous technique using the “TiGrA” experimental complex under isothermal conditions at 40 and 70 °C with a holding time of 24 h in two modes: without gas purging and with a flow of dry air (50 mL/min). Desorption was found to be purely physical and associated with the evaporation of free water. The observed mass loss (~51% of the initial sample mass) is consistent with the water content of the LRW simulant used for impregnation. Increasing the temperature from 40 to 70 °C results in a 4.6-fold reduction in the time required to reach a steady state (from 9.2 to 2.0 h without purging; from 9.4 to 1.8 h with purging), whereas gas purging under laboratory conditions has only a minor effect on the process kinetics (<10% acceleration at 70 °C). Mass spectrometric analysis confirmed the absence of gaseous release of organic or inorganic volatile compounds other than water vapor (dominant signal at m/z = 18). No exothermic or endothermic effects were observed on the DSC curves. The obtained results confirm the chemical and thermal inertness of the investigated perlite and its potential applicability in technologies for low-temperature drying and interim storage of conditioned LRW.
Random number generation is significant for secure communication, data security and cryptography. However, while Quantum Random Number Generators (QRNGs) rely on quantum uncertainty, environmental data can also serve as practical sources of randomness for true random number generation. Environmental data such as temperature, humidity, and wind speed exhibit continuous variability over time; these changes arise from complex weather behavior. In this paper, temperature data collected from two meteorological stations in Pakistan, Karachi and Hyderabad, are used to generate random bits. Everyday temperature values are transformed into binary sequences using a mean-based thresholding technique, followed by post-processing with the Von Neumann extractor to decrease bias and correlation. The quality of the generated random bits is evaluated using Shannon entropy, lossless compression testing with the Gzip, Bzip2, and LZMA algorithms, the NIST SP 800-22 statistical test suite and the auto-correlation analysis. The results determine that correctly processed temperature-based entropy can produce statistically usable random sequences suitable for randomness testing and security-related research.
A quantum model is proposed for the formation of platinum-group metal (PGM) nanoclusters and nanofilms in quartz deposits. The model is based on the concept of a quantum surface nanolayer with characteristic thickness Rn ≈ 0.7–0.8 nm (Yurov). Within this nanolayer, discretization of electronic states, soliton-mediated transport, and surface premelting effects can stabilize continuous ultrathin films. The model is applied to the Taqyr-Qalzhyr deposit (Eastern Kazakhstan), where PGMs occur as nanometer-scale nanofilms and nanoclusters (on the order of single nanometers) with contents up to 66.5 ppm. Geochemical data indicate polygenetic origin: hydrothermal transport of Pd±Pt as chloride complexes and mechanical denudation of Ir–Os. The key prediction of the model—percolation conductivity through a nanocluster network—is consistent with electrohydraulic crushing results: ordinary quartz fractures along typical brittle trajectories, while Takyr-Kalzhyr samples disintegrate into ragged cellular structures, indicating contributions from tunneling/hopping transport.
The article presents the results of applying X-ray computed tomography (CT) to study the spatial arrangement, size distribution, and morphology of internal inclusions in several ceramic fragments from the Urysay-2 complex in the Zhambyl district of the Almaty region (Republic of Kazakhstan). Based on the tomographic data, segmentation of the internal inclusions was performed, and the grain size of the ancient ceramic samples was calculated. The reconstructions enabled a quantitative morphometric analysis of mineral inclusions, providing statistical distributions of equivalent diameter, elongation, and sphericity. The results revealed significant technological differences: sample C-1 contains the largest and most irregular inclusions (average equivalent diameter ≈ 0.35 mm, mean sphericity ≈ 0.90), whereas C-2 and C-3 show smaller and more uniform grains (average equivalent diameter 0.25–0.30 mm; sphericity up to 0.96), reflecting finer tempering. Raman spectroscopy identified the mineral phases of the samples, including quartz, albite, calcite, hematite, anatase/rutile, and magnetite. The anatase-to-rutile transformation observed in C-2 indicates firing temperatures above ~800 °C under oxidizing conditions. Beyond archaeology, this approach provides a reliable framework for the quantitative characterization of porous ceramics and composite materials in materials science.
Radiation resistance of solar cells is a critically important parameter for operation in space and radiation-intensive environments. This work examines the main mechanisms of energy transfer by charged particles in solar-cell materials: ionizing energy loss (IEL) and non-ionizing energy loss (NIEL). Particular attention is given to halide perovskite solar cells due to their ionically soft crystal lattice and thin absorbing layer. It is shown that ionization effects in perovskites are, in most cases, reversible and associated with the formation of metastable charge traps. In contrast, non-ionizing losses lead to the formation of stable lattice defects and irreversible degradation of photovoltaic parameters. The conducted analysis highlights the key role of NIEL-induced damage in the long-term radiation degradation of perovskite solar cells. The interaction of electrons, protons, and heavy ions with the active layer of perovskite structures is also considered. It is noted that the high defect tolerance of perovskites partially compensates for radiation effects through self-healing processes and ion migration. The obtained results demonstrate the promise of perovskite solar cells for space energy applications, provided that their stability is further improved and the material composition is optimized.
We study the apparent shape of geometrically thin accretion-disk rings around compact objects described by the q-metric. The spacetime is a static and axially symmetric deformation of the Schwarzschild geometry, where the dimensionless parameter controls the quadrupole contribution to the gravitational field. Photon motion is written in Hamiltonian form and integrated by backward ray tracing from a distant observer to the equatorial disk plane. The images are constructed for four fixed emission radii and are compared with the Schwarzschild limit. For , the calculation reproduces the expected ordering of iso-radial curves for an inclined Schwarzschild disk. For the same observer position and the same coordinate emission radii, positive deformation makes the apparent curves slightly larger, while negative deformation makes them more compact. The change is most visible for the inner disk ring, because the corresponding photons pass closer to the compact object. The results show that even a moderate quadrupole deformation can leave a visible geometrical imprint on thin-disk images.
The differential cross sections of inelastic deuteron scattering on the 13C nuclei were measured at energies 14.5 and 18 MeV for the following excited states: 3.09 MeV (1/2+), 3.68 MeV (3/2-) and 6.86 MeV (5/2+). Experimental data were obtained with high angular resolution in a wide range of angles from 10° to 110° in the center of mass system, which made it possible to study in detail the structure of angular distributions. The angular distributions of elastic scattering of deuterons on 13C nuclei were analyzed. A comparison of the description of elastic scattering between the optical model of the nucleus and the double folding model was performed. The double folding method proved to be best only for large transmitted momentums. A systematics of the optical potential (OP) parameters for the 13C(d,d)13C in the energy range Ed=13÷18 MeV was obtained by minimizing χ2. The obtained parameters were used within the framework of the coupled channel method (CC) to analyze the angular distributions of elastic and inelastic scattering of deuterons on 13C nuclei. Due to analysis of inelastic deuteron scattering, the deformation parameters of low-lying excited states of the 13C nucleus were calculated, consistent with literature data.
This study aims to establish a homogeneous effective temperature scale for a large sample of Galactic blue supergiants by combining medium-resolution spectroscopy with multi-band spectral energy distribution analysis. The sample includes about 140 stars in the B7-A0 spectral range. As the main spectroscopic diagnostic, the equivalent-width ratio of the temperature-sensitive He I λ4471 and Mg II λ4481 lines was used. An empirical calibration was constructed from standard supergiants with reliably determined atmospheric parameters, and the resulting polynomial relation was applied to derive effective temperatures for the full sample. To verify the spectroscopic estimates, spectral energy distributions were compiled from ultraviolet, optical, near-infrared, and mid-infrared photometry and compared with theoretical stellar atmosphere models. The obtained results show that the adopted line-ratio index provides an efficient observational temperature indicator across the studied range and allows all program stars to be placed on a single internally consistent temperature scale. The spectral energy distribution analysis supports the spectroscopic results and serves as an independent consistency check of the derived parameters. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the development and application of a uniform calibration framework suitable for a large observational sample without requiring full detailed atmospheric modeling for each object. The results enlarge the empirical basis for the study of blue supergiants and provide a practical reference for future Galactic and extragalactic stellar investigations.
This paper presents the results of new B, V, and Rc photometric observations of the Seyfert 1.5 galaxy NGC 7469, conducted from October 2025 to January 2026 at the Tian Shan Astronomical Observatory. The primary goal of the study was to monitor the state of the active galactic nucleus (AGN) following a significant optical outburst recorded in late 2024. Observations were performed using a 1-meter Carl Zeiss telescope and processed with differential CCD photometry techniques using a 7″ aperture. The results show that during the study period, the galaxy remained in a state of relative photometric stability with a mean V-band magnitude of approximately 13.2–13.3. The recorded variability amplitude was ~ 0.12 mag, which significantly exceeds the photometric errors (σV ≈ 0.007). Comparison with historical data indicates that while the rapid brightness increase of 2024 has ceased, the object has stabilized at a luminosity level notably higher than the minimum observed in 2021. This stability at an elevated state confirms the persistence of a new active phase of the nucleus. The findings provide critical data for understanding the duty cycle of accretion processes and the interaction between the AGN and the surrounding starburst ring in LIRG systems.
This review article presents an overview of current trends in the development of medical instruments and implant manufacturing technologies, with an emphasis on digital design, additive manufacturing, and surface engineering methods, and a focus on the use of plasma technologies. The review aims to systematically analyze modern technological approaches and identify key limitations that hinder the widespread implementation of innovative technologies for the production of medical implants in clinical practice. The evolution of manufacturing methods from traditional mechanical processing to personalized and functionally oriented production is considered. Advances in 3D modeling, 3D printing of metal and polymer structures, plasma and ion-plasma modification of implant surfaces, robotic surgical platforms, and combinations of these advanced technologies are analyzed. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of thermal plasma spraying, the patterns of influence of plasma spraying parameters on the microstructure and surface properties of medical devices, as well as the technological limitations of the implementation of combined technologies for the manufacture of medical devices, including the variability of the quality of additive manufacturing, the complexity of material certification, and the lack of unified standards for personalized medical devices. Promising directions for further research and ways to improve the efficiency of innovative plasma technologies implementation for modifying the surface of medical instruments and implants can be identified through the analysis and generalization of contemporary scientific data presented in this review.
The paper presents a comparative analysis of technologies for forming metal-ceramic coatings of WC-NiCr, Cr₃C₂-NiCr, and Al₂O₃-NiCr systems obtained by high-velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) and detonation spraying methods. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of the coating technology on the microstructure, physical-mechanical and tribological properties of the coatings. The study included analysis of the morphology of the starting powders and the microstructure of the coatings using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Microhardness was determined using the FISCHERSCOPE HM 2000 system, and tribological characteristics were studied using the ball-on-disc method on an Anton Paar TRB³ tribometer in accordance with ASTM G133-95 and ASTM G99 standards. It was found that the spraying method has a significant effect on the structure and performance characteristics of coatings. For carbide systems (Cr₃C₂-NiCr and WC-NiCr), the HVOF method is more effective, providing the formation of a dense, fine-grained structure, increased hardness, and a reduced friction coefficient. For the Al₂O₃-NiCr oxide system, detonation spraying proved to be preferable, providing higher hardness and stable tribological characteristics. The results obtained allow for a reasonable choice of coating formation technology depending on their composition and operating conditions.
Based on the analysis of images of comet C/2023 A3 Tsuchinshan-ATLAS, obtained in both visible light and near-infrared range (wavelength over 850 nm) using CANON EOS 2000D and CANON EOS 1000DI (infrared) cameras, the influence of the observation spectral range on image contrast is studied. The image quality criterion is its contrast. Contrast coefficient calculations were performed using the standard ImageJ program used for image processing and analysis in various scientific applications. Several approaches to determining comet image contrast were used. Comparison of the obtained results did not reveal significant advantages of shooting in the mentioned spectral ranges. However, the analysis of noctilucent cloud images obtained using the same methodology revealed a significant advantage of infrared imaging, which sharply increases image contrast. A detailed analysis of shooting conditions suggested that the reduced effectiveness of infrared imaging is due to the transition from light scattering conditions of the daytime sky to twilight, and then to night conditions. A rationale is proposed for further studying methods of improving imaging efficiency when transitioning from the visible spectrum range to the near-infrared spectrum range.
The continuous miniaturization of solid-state systems has driven electronic materials into regimes where quantum noise and environmental coupling play a decisive role in determining physical performance. In this work, we develop an open quantum framework to investigate fundamental limits on information density in confined solid-state systems. By explicitly incorporating system environment interactions at the Hamiltonian level and describing the resulting non-unitary dynamics within the Lindblad formalism, we derive an intrinsic upper bound on the number of operationally distinguishable quantum states. Our analysis reveals that information density scaling is jointly constrained by geometric confinement and noise-induced coherence loss, leading to an apparent exponential growth only within an intermediate size regime. As system dimensions approach the nanoscale, increasing quantum noise enforces a crossover to sub-exponential, noise-limited behavior, signaling the breakdown of purely geometric scaling arguments. The results demonstrate that the observed scaling behavior arises as an emergent consequence of open quantum dynamics rather than technological optimization. Owing to its general formulation, the proposed framework is broadly applicable to a wide class of solid-state systems, providing a unified physical perspective on information-density limits imposed by quantum noise.
Carbon nanowalls (CNWs) are promising carbon-based nanomaterials for radiation-resistant electronic and optoelectronic applications due to their unique three-dimensional graphene-like architecture and outstanding physicochemical properties. In this work, the effect of short-pulsed high-current ion irradiation on the stability of carbon nanowalls was systematically investigated. CNWs were synthesized on quartz substrates by inductively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition and subsequently irradiated using the high-current pulsed ion accelerator INURA at current densities of 4, 7, and 10 A/cm2. The radiation-induced changes in morphology, structure, optical transparency, and electrical properties were analyzed using atomic force microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectrophotometry, and four-point probe measurements. Atomic force microscopy revealed only moderate surface rearrangement and slight variations in roughness, while the characteristic vertically oriented nanowall morphology was preserved even at the highest irradiation density. Raman analysis confirmed the retention of the graphene-like sp2 carbon structure, with minimal changes in the ID/IG ratio, indicating limited defect formation. Optical measurements showed moderate variations in transmittance correlated with surface restructuring, without spectral degradation. Electrical characterization demonstrated a stable or slightly reduced sheet resistance after irradiation, suggesting improved interwall electrical contact and structural stabilization. Overall, the results demonstrate the high resistance of carbon nanowalls to short-pulsed ion irradiation and confirm their suitability as functional materials for radiation-resistant electronic, optoelectronic, and sensor devices.
This paper investigates the properties and spectral characteristics of low-temperature argon plasma and argon-methane mixture plasma formed in a high-frequency dielectric barrier discharge (RF-DBD) at various powers and pressures. The experiments were conducted at an argon flow rate of 100 sccm for argon plasma and at a ratio of Ar:CH4 = 95:5 for argon-methane plasma in the power range from 2 to 12 W and pressures of 0.5 and 1.0 Torr. It is shown that with an increase in the supplied power, the discharge area expands and the intensity of spectral lines increases, which is due to an increase in plasma density and the degree of ionisation. When the pressure increases, there is a decrease in the overall intensity of radiation due to a reduction in the free path length of electrons and an increase in collision losses. The introduction of methane leads to a decrease in the intensity of the spectral lines of molecular nitrogen and hydroxyl radicals (OH) compared to argon plasma, which indicates a redistribution of electron energy in favour of the excitation of argon atoms and active methane particles. The results obtained contribute to a deeper understanding of the physicochemical processes in Ar-CH4 plasma and open up prospects for the application of RF-DBD discharges in plasma chemistry and materials science.
This work investigates the evolution of the morphology and structural state of carbon nanowalls (CNWs) grown on carbon paper by capacitively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (CCP-PECVD) as a function of synthesis duration (30-120 min) under fixed process parameters. The surface morphology of the coatings was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), while structural changes were evaluated by Raman spectroscopy (lambda = 473 nm). It is shown that at the early stage (30 min) CNWs form via island-like nucleation on defects of the carbon paper substrate, whereas increasing the deposition time to 60-90 min leads to intensive vertical growth and densification of the CNW array. AFM analysis reveals an increase in average and root-mean-square roughness (Ra: from 13.91 to 26.91 nm; R-ms: from 18.19 to 34.26 nm for 60-120 min), while the peak-to-valley roughness R-z increases up to 90 min (from 124.3 to 159.3 nm) and then reaches saturation (161.1 nm at 120 min). This behavior indicates a transition from predominantly vertical growth to a regime dominated by densification and secondary nucleation. Raman spectroscopy confirms a progressive increase in defect density and disorder of the sp(2) carbon network with increasing synthesis time: the I-D/I-G ratio rises from 0.61 to 1.84, the G-band full width at half maximum increases from 24.8 to 40.9 cm(-1), and the degree of graphitization decreases from 40.2 to 27.2 %. It is established that a synthesis duration of approximately 90 min provides an optimal balance between the development of vertical morphology and the preservation of structural ordering of the carbon phase, whereas 120 min results in maximum defect density and surface development, which is promising for applications requiring a high density of active sites.
This study presents an analysis of D-D thermonuclear fusion processes occurring in a plasma focus device by examining the interrelation between fusion cross-section, reaction rate, nuclear reaction time, and neutron production. The goal of the study is to clarify the mechanisms of neutron production from the viewpoint of nuclear reaction kinetics governed by Coulomb barrier penetration and quantum tunneling effects. The fusion cross-section and reaction rate were calculated for deuteron energies in the range of 1-200 keV and compared with nuclear data libraries EXFOR and ENDF. Neutrons produced as a result of the D-D fusion reaction were detected using a silver activation foil detector. The corresponding effective deuterium ion energy region of 25-100 keV for D-D fusion reaction, cross-section 10-3-10-2 barn, and a nuclear reaction time of 20-80 ns were obtained. These results are consistent with experimentally observed neutron pulse durations produced during the pinch phase. In this regime, the rate of nuclear fusion reactions in deuterium increases by approximately one order of magnitude compared to Maxwellian plasma, while the requirements for the magnetic confinement parameters of such plasma are significantly reduced.
In this work, three types of zinc cobaltite ZnCo2O4 structures, namely, nanorods, nanowires, and plates, were synthesized on nickel foam using a simple hydrothermal method. The morphology and structural characteristics of the synthesized samples were studied. The grown structures can be used as a basis for enzyme-free electrochemical biosensors. A detailed analysis of a series of six samples synthesized at different Zn:Co ratios (1:1, 1:10, and 10:1) was performed using scanning electron microscopy. The results of the study of the elemental composition of ZnCo2O4 nanostructures synthesized by the hydrothermal method on nickel foam showed that the composition of the obtained materials correlates with the composition of the initial growth solution, confirming the controllability of the doping process. The absence of any impurities indicates a high purity of the synthesized samples. The data obtained confirm the possibility of precise control of the stoichiometry of zinc cobaltite. It is shown that the morphology of the grown samples depends on the stoichiometry of the precursors, providing controlled growth of nanostructured materials. It is shown that the hydrothermal method for the synthesis of ZnCo2O4 nanostructures allows obtaining materials with a wide range ofstoichiometryfrom cobalt-to zinc-containing phases, which opens up opportunities for fine-tuning the effective, functional properties of ZnCo2O4.
