The article introduces the prospects of cooperative co-existence for Russia and the European Union in former Soviet republics within the current confrontation paradigm. It describes their foreign policies, strategies, and interests in the post-Soviet space. The author applied discourse and case-study analyses to the case of Armenia. The authentic idea of cooperative co-existence was projected on the relations between Russia and the European Union in post-Soviet countries. In Armenia, cooperative co-existence could be a win-win strategy, beneficial for all actors involved. The case of Armenia proved the possibility of a collaborative co-existence between Russia and the European Union in the post-Soviet space, the risk factors being the policies of small Caucasian states, the USA, China, and Turkey.
The research featured the Special Troika of the Krasnoyarsk Territory, i.e. a committee of three officials who issued sentences without public trial. The authors focused on the number of the convicted on the so-called ethnic cases during the late Great Terror in the fall of 1938. The study was based on the archival documents of the Special Troika of the Krasnoyarsk Territory. According to the protocols, 1,894 local residents were found guilty in the ethnic cases in in the fall of 1938. Out of 1,690 people who were sentenced to capital punishment, less than 1% were executed. On November 26, 1938, the NKVD issued Order No. 00762, which marked the end of the Great Terror and recommended to transfer the remaining cases to the courts. Those convicted on the last day of mass repressions were released, and the NKVD authorities were forbidden to carry out sentences approved by the Special Troika after November 15, 1938. On December 22, 1938, People's Commissar of Internal Affairs L. P. Beria declared that all execution sentences issued by the Troika before November 17, 1928, became invalid.
The article focuses on the transformation of the European Union’s policy in the South Caucasus after the NagornoKarabakh war of 2020. Before the war, the foreign and security policy in the region had depended on the OSCE Minsk Group, Georgia’s role in the Russian-Georgian confrontation, and the Eastern Partnership program for the South Caucasus. After Azerbaijan won the Nagorno-Karabakh war with Turkey’s support, the previous line of policy stopped being effective. It failed to unite the countries of the South Caucasus, to remove the Russian Federation from the region, and to make the European Union a real mediator in the conflict zone. The democratization of the local political regimes also failed, despite the proEuropean position of Georgia and the velvet revolution in Armenia. As a result of the Armenian-Azerbaijani war of 2020, Russian and Turkish troops entered the South Caucasus, and Russia, Turkey, and Iran started acting as peace mediators. The European Union failed to strengthen the role of the OSCE Minsk Group and the mechanisms of the Eastern Partnership in the region. Ever since 2020, it has been trying to develop a common policy for all ethnic and inter-confessional conflicts in the postSoviet space. The European Union keeps failing in its competition and partnership with Russia, while Turkey is getting more active and independent in the region. Thus, the European Union will have to develop a new model of influence in the South Caucasus and the whole post-Soviet space. In the current global confrontation, it is very important to find an international actor able and willing to interact with all parties. The European Union seems to be the one, and its actions in resolving regional conflicts require a detailed research.
Linguaculture is a heterogeneous linguacognitive phenomenon that depends on the local area, values, and community, as well as on national and ethno-specifics cultural codes and subcodes of mythology, theology, anthropomorphism, biomorphism, household, commerce, etc. The article introduces the linguacultural corpus of the Northern Angara Region that unites oral and multimedia (polycode) texts of traditional regional linguaculture. The corpus is being developed at the Siberian Federal University and includes empirical material of complex folklore, dialectological, and ethnographic expeditions to Kezhemskiy, Boguchany and Motygino areas. The article describes the basic principles of the corpus, i.e. representativeness, synchronism, and regionality, as well as the thematic, genre, functional, and semantic diversity of oral and polycode texts. Culturally marked oral texts are included in the corpus based on their linguistic and cultural informativeness. The corpus is divided into dialect, folklore, and multimedia subcorpuses of valuable information, which can solve various issues of Russian studies, as well as practical issues of linguacultural ecology. The information search process depends on several parameters: speech and folklore genre, topic, basic concept, and word. The article also contains a comparative analysis with other specialized corpora of oral speech, which revealed prospects for further development and application. The linguacultural corpus of the Northern Angara Region contributes to regional lexicography and other branches of Russian studies, e.g. Siberian linguaculture, language and culture, language and mentality, etc.
The article deals with modern Russian historiography of the political relations between Russia and Germany in 1991– 2021. Due to the vastness of the research scope, the paper covers only the major trends in the Russian-German political relations in the Russian historiography. The work relied on the problem-chronological method that made it possible to consider the topic in diachronic and synchronic perspective, simultaneously revealing its temporal and problematic components. The research featured works by contemporary Russian historians, political scientists, and economists on the political relations between the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany. The thirty-year history of relations between the united Germany and the Russian Federation was full of events and can be divided into several periods. As a result of the historiographical process, the modern Russian historiography consists of three stages, which partially coincide with the chronology of direct political relations between Russia and Germany. The assessment of the Russian-German relations in modern historiography directly depends both on their conjecture and the historical and political context.
This article features two versions of A Chapter from the History of Charles V written by Louis Xavier Auguet de Saint- Sylvain, Baron de los Valles. The original French version was published in 1835, while the Spanish translation appeared 1837. The text describes the background and the start of the First Carlist War in Spain in 1833–1835. The author was a confidant of Don Carlos, and so his book reflected the Carlist perspective. The author believes that the Spanish translation included certain semantic modifications and additions made due to fit the changing political situation. These almost imperceptible modifications were able to change the perception of some military and political figures of the era, e.g., former Minister F. T. Calomarde, Carlist general V. Gonzalez Moreno, Christino general and future Regent B. Espartero, etc. The research objective was to show how Baron de los Valles interpreted the events related to the capture of Villafranca by the Carlists in 1834. This historical episode, later popularized by numerous memoirs and fiction, appeared only in the Spanish version of the book. The account made by the Baron de los Valles differed from the versions of other memoirists, as well as from the official press reports. A Chapter from the History of Charles V by Baron de los Valles has a low value as a historical source, but presents a considerable interest as an example of Carlist propaganda during the war of 1833–1840.
The Indo-Pacific region concept, having a significant place in the U.S. as well as their Asia-Pacific allies’ official discourse in the latest decades, is also penetrating the diplomatic terminology of both the EU and separate European nations. This paper features a review of how the Indo-Pacific strategies are designed as exemplified by the corresponding documents adopted by the said international organisation and some of its member states (including the former ones, such as the UK), particularly in the security realm and nuclear non-proliferation, given the importance of these factors for strategic stability in the global and regional dimensions. In terms of methodology, the article employs some elements of discourse analysis, content analysis, comparative political studies, and prognostic methods; the sources are represented by the EU and European countries’ official documents, as well as speeches made by politicians. Thanks to analysing the states’ strategies, main trends, which are also reflected in the common EU strategy, are singled out. The author draws a conclusion that the deterioration of the Ukrainian crisis will limit the opportunities for further development of the interregional ties between Europe and Asia.
This article deals with the consonant phonemes /kː/~/k/ and /tː/~/t/ of the Teleut language in the intervocalic position. These sounds were contrasted as long and short ones in the previous studies. The paper offers a brief review of works on the formation and development of the Turkic consonantism and the problem of long consonants in the ancient and modern Turkic languages. The author focuses on the relevance of the short – long opposition for the Teleut stop consonants in the intervocalic position and makes an assumption that their length depends on their position and morphonology. The Turkic languages have two non-mutually exclusive types of consonant length: the qualitative length of voiceless consonants caused by aspiration and the quantitative length of the geminates caused by the extended closure. The research involved a Praat comparative analysis of sonograms of lexical stimuli that illustrated the length of [k] and [t] in intervocalic positions. The preliminary conclusion is that Teleut stops [k] and [t] are contrasted according to their voicing, while the length opposition seems to be a less significant discriminating feature. The sonogram also proved their voicing.
This article explores the intermedial and metapoetical semantics of the artistic image of a train. This image is part of the artistic semiotics and plays two interrelated roles: it marks the connection between the discourses of cinema and literature and signifies the act of artistic creation. Based on the Russian literature of the ХХ–ХХI century, this article reviews the origins and development of the arrival of a train as a cinematic metaphor, as well as the ways of depicting images in time and space (including the inner space). Before the age of cinema, the classic Russian literature introduced the railroad motif to make the discourse more dynamic and to highlight the key opposition between traditional lifestyle and technological progress, e.g. in works by F. Ostrovsky, A. Chekhov, etc. The literature of the XX century merged cinematic devices with literary motifs and introduced fragmentation, editing, changing angles, and other new ways of artistic perception, e.g. in A. Platonov’s oeuvre. Train imagery may attain mythological semantics when it manifests the themes of disaster, death, Apocalypse, and revolution, thus becoming a metapoetical symbol, e.g. in B. Pasternak’s Doctor Zhivago. In the contemporary Russian literature, train movement is associated with the life of human consciousness (V. Pelevin) or with text generation (S. Sokolov). In some cases, episodes of rail traffic interspersed with episodes of filming complicate the narrative and multiply transitions from external to internal focalization (E. Vodolazkin).
This article reviews domestic and foreign studies on cognitive behavioral therapy techniques in treating cognitive disorders in former COVID-19 patients. Coronavirus-induced cognitive disorders include damage to the nervous system as a result of respiratory distress syndrome, cytokine storm, cerebral vascular thrombosis, direct exposure to SARS-Cov2, and inadequate immune response. Concomitant mental illnesses include autistic disorders, dementia, cognitive decline, eating disorders, suicidal behavior, anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, insomnia, etc. Diagnostic methods usually take into account a complex violation of mental activities, e.g., short memory span, attention deficiency, slow thinking, and various affective disorders. As a result, diagnostic methods can be divided into several areas: neuropsychological diagnostics of cognitive functions (MMSE, MOCA, FAB), identification of inadequate attitudes and behavior (WCQ, SPB, DAS), identification of violations of daily activity (The Barthel Scale), identification of psychological and psychiatric issues (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression). Psychological care for former COVID-19 patients relies on some basic principles. Cognitive behavioral psychotherapy techniques aim at correcting cognitive distortions, teaching relaxation and self-regulation, improving problem-solving skills, and restoring cognitive functions.
Higher education is not only about professional knowledge and skills: it also develops one’s self-awareness. Students’ self-identity changes as they expand their competencies and self-awareness, master new activities, and develop professional values. According to the systemic and constructivist approaches, self-identity is a system of identities that develop in during one’s life and based on one’s conscious identity with any subjects of psychic reality. During their university years, students' self-identity transforms in terms of structure, general state, and attitudes towards certain types of identity. In this empirical research, senior students identified more with family, close social environment, external representation, and personality assessment. They demonstrated a positive attitude towards ethnicity and family roles as their self-identity system grew less stable and autonomous. As a result, self-identity became more dependent and blurred. The same tendencies manifested themselves in the dynamics of professional identity. The more they learnt about their future profession, the more they grew aware of its limitations, and the image of the profession became more ambiguous. All these changes led to self-identity crisis in some graduates.
This article reconstructs the early history of the Soviet militia in Western Siberia. The research was based on the personal archive of Lieutenant Colonel A. N. Ovchinnikov and previously unpublished official documents stored in the archives of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in the Altai Krai and in the Novosibirsk Region. The research featured A. N. Ovchinnikov’s professional activity and personal participation in the development of militia in the Altai Krai and Kuzbass. When A. N. Ovchinnikov joined the militia forces, the institution was undergoing some radical reforms, e.g. it merged with the Joint State Political Directorate, became militarized and politicized, etc. In the 1920s – 1940s, the Soviet militia turned into a command and administrative system that made collectivization and industrialization possible. Militia officers were evaluated not only by their professional qualities, but also by their party affiliation, political views, and education. The sources made it possible to reveal A. N. Ovchinnikov’s personal position in the process of militia development in the 1930s – 1940s. Despite the constant personnel shortage and the low level of education, the party managed to improve the discipline, qualifications, moral qualities, and political consciousness of militia officers, thus increasing their performance. The authors believe that personal historic narratives can be a valuable contribution to the historical studies of Soviet militia.
Self-identity is a structural and dynamic system that develops as one’s living environment expands. During vocational training, professional identity acquires an integrating role in this system. Professional identity develops in the academic environment, which is expanding due to digitalization. The research objective was to identify the features of professional identity development in students in the conditions of academic digitalization and to determine the ways of psychological and pedagogical optimization of this process. The theoretical analysis is based on the general provisions of cultural and historical psychology, as well as on the methodology of the environmental approach in education. The contemporary academic environment demonstrated a lack of interpersonal interaction, which makes it difficult to enter the professional community and identify with it. However, the interactive character of the digital academic environment makes it possible to optimize the process of professional identity development. It comprises various information and communication platforms into a single media environment. Psychological and pedagogical technologies develop awareness and acceptance of professional values in the process of indirect interaction between students, teaching staff, and professionals.
This research featured theoretical and practical approaches to resistance. Resistance to adversities is an important personality trait because it determines the strategy of behavior in various situations. Personal resilience requires a multidimensional assessment of personality traits, age profile, and solution strategies. The research objective was to identify and compare the trends in resistance in three age groups: teenagers, high school students, and university students. The authors developed a diagnostic complex to determine its component structure. The article describes behavioral patterns, socio-psychological adaptation, personal value orientations, life-meaning attitudes, and manifestations of subjectivity. The authors plan to design a program for the development of resistance in academic environment.
The article features the values of the European Union in the context of applying modern approaches to the study of integration associations. The analysis of the role of values in the policy of the European Union can be done in various ways. The historical and legal method shows the process of legal consolidation of the values and reflects the formation of the political subjectivity of the EU in the last 30 years. The starting point is the concept of shared heritage that demonstrates the main stages and tasks of European integration. The concept of acquis communautaire reaches its climax with the Treaty of Lisbon, and this was when the list of EU values became complete. The concept of the common heritage retains its legal meaning but transforms the goals into a discrete set of political values of the modern European Union. The present analysis of the social dimension of EU values was based on the Copenhagen School of Security. The analysis made it possible to identify the short-term values of modern European society through media monitoring and showed the specifics of European perception, e.g., the dominant importance of personal and political rights of citizens. The pandemic exacerbated the manifestation of these values within European society. Despite certain problems, the value dimension of EU policy is now complete and has become integral to European society and politics. The political component depends on specific interests, e.g., criteria for cooperation, membership conditions, interaction prospects, etc.
The article features the role of the EU in the Greater Eurasian Partnership (GEP), a common geo-economic area in Eurasia proposed by Russian President Vladimir Putin at the St. Petersburg Economic Forum in 2016. The author assessed the prospect of cooperation between the EU, China, and the Russian Federation on a bilateral level, including the GEP concept. The author sees no premises for establishing Greater Eurasia at present: the interactions between China and the EU and between China and Russia as part of The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) are independent of each other. If relations between the Russian Federation and the EU ever return to normalcy, the parties can begin a multilateral cooperation in the field of infrastructure construction in Eurasia, e.g., multimodal transportation systems, as well as in the investment sector, e.g., the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank.
The article introduces translative linguistics as a special branch in the study of natural languages and describes the history of its development. Translative linguistics uses the methods of quantitative linguistics, combinatorial linguistics, associative grammar, lexicography, etc. It focuses on the same aspects of language as historical grammar, phonetics, political linguistics, etc. The ontology of translational linguistics sees the natural language and its units as its research object. Translation (reserve translation, machine translation, and reverse machine translation) acts as a research method that translational linguistics uses to describe the patterns of the translated language. The author reviews various scientific publications to describe the concepts and terms of translational linguistics. The author uses the method of linguistic logic, which is understood as incorporating a new concept in the traditional system of theoretical linguistic concepts.
The coronavirus pandemic triggered a qualitative reformatting of the pan-European identity. Early in the pandemic, it clashed with national self-awareness. As Brussels attempted to strengthen solidarity and cohesion, the situation in some EU countries became extremely instable. The present article contains a theoretical description of the concept of EU identity and the transformations it underwent during the COVID-19 pandemic. It focuses on the early challenges to the EU’s identity, its subsequent plunge into uncertainty and confusion, and Brussels’ attempts to build trust and solidarity as the basic principles of the EU’s identity. The author analyzed the Eurobarometer surveys to reveal the public attitude towards the two conflicting levels of identity. During the pandemic, the pan-European identity served as a protective mechanism against the exacerbation of chronic unification problems.
The modern linguistics interprets the old philosophical problem of the relationship between reality, thinking, and language in a completely new way: the world should be considered as a whole and comprehended through linguistic, mythological, religious, and artistic worldviews at once. The abstract concepts of the mental world represent a certain linguistic culture. This article describes a set of cultural codes that represent the mental concept of thought as similes in the contemporary Kazakh fiction. This linguaculturological analysis covered metaphors and similes found by continuous sampling in the Kazakh fiction of the XX century. The similes were tested for regular metaphorization models. The mental concept of thought in similes was presented through natural, biomorphic, and artefact cultural codes. The natural cultural code was represented by such conceptual metaphors as thought is wind / sunlight / fire / water. The zoomorphic metaphors of thought is horse / bird / insect were numerous in the biomorphic cultural code. The metaphor of thought is metal verbalized the artefact cultural code. In the linguistic consciousness of the Kazakhs, the concept of thought was verbalized as a divine gift or a living entity that has enough energy to take different material forms and move around all three worlds.
The article describes the macro-concepts Rod (a Slavic female deity) and Makosh (a Slavic female deity) in the Russian linguistic culture. It is the first attempt to analyze these macro-concepts in terms of conceptual signs. The authors studied the lexemes of Rod and Makosh / Mokosh as the main representatives of the macro-concepts in the National Corpus of the Russian Language, as well as compared their cognitive signs. The methods included descriptive, interpretive, and conceptual linguistic analyses. The macro-concept of Makosh revealed 33 cognitive signs, which were divided into 11 groups: 1. (Divine) motherhood (four signs): goddess, Mother of God / Virgin Mary, poppy head, crown. 2. Natural objects and phenomena (four signs): rain, star, earth, horns / cornucopia. 3. Fertility (two signs): abundance, harvest. 4. Spirits of nature (one sign): mermaids / pitchforks. 5. Kinship (six signs): wife, mother, grandparent, relationship, family, elder sister. 6. Functions (four signs): thunderbearer, spinner, creator, mistress. 7. Relationships (one sign): care. 8. Evaluation (one sign): good. 9. Person (two signs): girl, woman. 10. Fate (four signs): share, lot, fate, luck. 11. Cult (four signs): idol, Paraskeva Pyatnitsa (Saint Paraskevi of Iconium), Rozhanitsa (a Slavic female deity), treba (prayer) / sacrifice. The structure of the macro-concept Rod had 35 cognitive features, which were divided into 13 groups: 1. (Divine) fatherhood (two features): god, God-father. 2. Natural objects and phenomena (three features): star, lightning, sky. 3. Fertility (one sign): harvest. 4. Kinship (four signs): father, grandparent, kinship, family. 5. Functions (five signs): agriculture, ruler, justice, creation, creator. 6. Relationships (two signs): care, protection. 7. Evaluation (three signs): good, deceit, adultery. 8. Fate (two signs): share, fate. 9. Cult (five signs): idol, feast, Stribog (a Slavic male deity), treba (prayer) / sacrifice, Yarilo (a Slavic male deity). 10. Success (four signs): crown, profit, prosperity, success. 11. Place of birth (one feature): Motherland. 12. Property (one sign): strength. 13. People (two signs): civilization, humanity. These signs reflected the peculiarities of the Russian linguistic mentality, which preserved the memory of the cult of Rod (literally, kin) and Makosh (Mother Goddess). This cult was consistently reproduced in veneration of the Mother Earth and family deities Rod and Makosh, the divine parents of people. Christian aspects manifested themselves as the image of Virgin Mary and God the Father. The macro-concepts of Rod and Makosh appeared to have a number of overlapping cognitive features: good, deity (god, goddess), destiny, care, star, idol, progenitor, kinship, family, fate, creator, prayer / sacrifice, harvest.
