Evaluation of sugarcane genotypes for morphological and quality Traits was conducted at the Sugarcane Research centre, Zadshahapur, SNSI Belagavi, Karnataka. The experiment was layout in RBD design with three replications during the years 2020-21(AVT I plant) and 2021-22 (AVT II Plant and Ratoon). Eleven mid late genotypes viz., Co 14005, Co 15005, Co 15006, Co 15007, Co 15009, Co 15010, Co 15017, Co 15021, CoN 15071, CoSnk 15102 and PI 15131, and one early maturing genotype Co 11015 along with three standard checks (Co 86032, CoC 671 and Co 09004) were evaluated for cane yield (t/ha), NMC ('000/ha), stalk length (cm), stalk diameter (cm), single cane weight (Kg), sucrose %, Brix %, purity % and extraction %. Genotypes Co 15007, Co 15010, CoN 15071 and PI 15131 were best for the traits like cane yield, CCS yield, NMC, stalk length, stalk diameter, single cane weight and also quality character like purity and extraction percentage. The genotype Co 11015 recorded maximum 14.81%, 20.82% and 22.15% for CCS %, sucrose % and Brix % as compared to best standard Co 09004 (14.62%, 20.63% and 22.11% respectively).
Saccharum robustum, a wild species of sugarcane that shares a common natural habitat with the Saccharum officinarum in Pacific Islands. The cytotype of S.robustum with 2n=60 and having red flesh are placed in 'forma' sanguineum. These genotypes possess unique deep red flesh canes. In spite of the close similarity and kinship to the noble canes, the utilization of the red-flesh S. robustum clones in commercial breeding programmes is relatively less owing to its rare flowering habit. They are well adapted to wide environmental conditions including waterlogging situations, and can be a potential source for waterlogging resistance. The red-fleshed S. robustum has a high quantity of anti-oxidants, flavonoids and anthocyanin content in the cane. Anti-oxidants are free radical scavenging compounds that prevent or slow cell damage. Bringing these traits to the sugarcane background will be beneficial by way of fortifying the nutrient-rich sugarcane juice. The first successful hybridization of red-fleshed S. robustum resulted in 459 progenies from two polycrosses. Eight selected progenies based on the initial performance were further evaluated across four crop seasons for flesh colour, yield and quality traits to identify potential genetic stocks. The clone GUK 14-48 had red flesh similar to the female parent (NG 77-84) and had significantly higher cane yield and juice extraction percentage than the female parent. Based on the flesh colour, cane yield and CCS yield, the clones GUK 14-48, GUK 14-754 and GUK 14-130 are identified as potential inter-specific hybrids for further utilization in the breeding programme.
The focus of sugarcane improvement programmes in India has been on the cultivation of improved varieties for diverse agroecological regions. The inclusion of mid-late maturing varieties along with early maturing varieties, enables strategic planning of sugarcane varieties across the zones, ensuring prolonged and an efficient operation of sugar mills. In view of this, ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Regional Centre, Karnal has developed a mid-late maturing sugarcane variety Co 16030 ( Karan-16) for commercial cultivation in sugarcane growing states of North West Zone. Co 16030 was tested in nine locations of the North West Zone (NWZ) of India along with three standards CoS 767, CoPant 97222 and Co 05011 during 2019-20 to 2021-22. The variety exhibited significant performance over the standards Co 05011, CoPant 97222 and CoS 767. In the AICRP(S) trials, it recorded a cane yield of 94.97 t/ha-1, sucrose content of 17.90% and sugar yield of 11.96 t /ha-1 at 360 days. The variety exhibited resistant to moderately resistant reaction against red rot (CF8 and CF9) and was susceptible to the major insects. Karan-16 was identified for notification by the variety release committee of AICRP (Sugarcane) held at ICAR-Indian Institute of Sugarcane Research, Lucknow during October 14 & 15, 2022 and was notified for release in the zone, vide Gazette notification No. S.O. 4222(E) dated 23 September 2023.
Jaggery, a traditional sweetener derived from sugarcane juice, holds a significant place in the Indian diet and various cultures worldwide. Despite being less processed than white sugar, it retains essential phytochemicals like polyphenols, contributing to its high nutritive value and potential health benefits. However, challenges such as its dark appearance, limited shelf life, and chemical clarificants during processing have impacted its consumer preference. This review delves into the production, processing, storage conditions, nutritional composition, health benefits, and industrial status of jaggery, emphasizing its cultural significance and potential for innovation. India, being the second-largest sugarcane producer globally, contributes significantly to jaggery production, which remains a vital part of rural economies and traditional diets. The traditional jaggery-making process, involving extraction, clarification, boiling, and moulding, has seen substantial technological advancements. Modern methods, including energy-efficient boilers, continuous flow pans, advanced filtration, and automated packaging, have improved the efficiency, quality, and safety of jaggery production. These advancements ensure better product consistency, extended shelf life, and adherence to international quality standards. The review also underscores jaggery's health benefits, such as detoxification, improved digestive health, enhanced immunity, and the potential to combat oxidative stress-induced diseases.
Sugarcane has high nitrogen (N) requirement that normally exceeds the inherent capacity of soil to supply via mineralization. Moreover, long term N fertilization dose also contribute to artificial soil acidification, and eutrophication of surface and ground water. So, in order to identify nitrogen use efficient (NUE) genotypes and its contributing traits, 36 sugarcane genotypes (28 advanced lines + 8 cultivars) were analyzed for cane yield, CCS %, CCS t/ha and their contributing traits by growing them under N0 and N150 environments over two years at Faridkot, India. Significant differences were observed due to genotypes, nitrogen environments and their interactions with major effects on agro-morphological traits along with minor effects on quality traits. Inverse and counteracting relationships were observed between cane yield t/ha and CCS % along with their independent contributing traits. The results of the 'Eberhart and Russell Model' and 'Genotype + Genotype x Environment (GGE) Biplot' analysis were in accordance to each other; but Eberhart and Russell's model was more appropriate for judging the genotype(s) to environment specificity/adaptation while GGE Biplot was observed as the best approach to evaluate the environments for their discriminating power to genotypes as well as to find the most stable /ideal genotype(s) for a wide range of concerned environment and as well specific to a particular environment. The genotype namely F 194/10 was identified as most stable as well as NUE clone.
The present study was conducted in Amritsar district of Punjab with the objectives to examine the physical and financial performance of sugar industry in cooperative vis-a-vis private sector. Secondary data were collected from selected sugar mills and Punjab State Federation Cooperative sugar Mills from 2012-13 to 2021-22. Relative comparison on the physical performance of the two sugar mills viz., Ajnala co-operative sugar mill and Rana sugar mill were made in respect of four parameters viz total sugar crushed, sugar recovery, total sugar production and total molasses produced. It was observed that for both the mills, rate of growth was significant for all four physical parameters but average sugarcane crushed, recovery percentage, sugar production and molasses production was much higher for privately owned Rana sugar mill in comparison to Ajnala cooperative sugar mill for the study period. Except for total sugarcane crushed, the extent of instability in the other three parameters of physical performance was large for Rana Sugar mill vis a vis Ajnala cooperative sugar mill. Moreover, the different types of profit margin ratios for the Ajnala cooperative sugar mill were negative, whereas such ratios for the Rana Sugar mill were positive. The physical and financial parameters of co-operative and private sugar mills clearly indicated the fact that private sugar mill is performing better than cooperative sugar mill. The average cane crushed for Rana Sugar Mill was 187.85 lakh qtl while for Ajnala cooperative sugar mill it was 19.70 lakh quintals. It was due to higher mill capacity, longer duration of crushing and more cane availability with Rana Sugar mill. To increase crushing capacity of the co-operative mills timely payment to cane farmers should be made and latest machinery in sugar mills should be used. Recovery of sugar was only 8.38 per cent for Ajnala co-operative mill whereas it was 10.29 per cent for Rana sugar mill. It should be increased on the line with private sugar mill through upgradation of technology in cooperative sugar mills.
Microbial contamination poses a significant challenge during the tissue culture process. The current investigation focuses on examining fungal contaminants in in vitro cultures of two distinct sugarcane varieties, CoN 13073 and CoN 707, aiming at their detection, isolation, and identification. The study employed the fungal tip isolation method to isolate and identify fungal contaminants. Six different fungal species were identified, including Aspergillus flavus Link, Penicillium sp., Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid., Curvularia sp., Rhizopus sp., and an aseptate sterile fungus, based on their cultural and morphological characteristics from contaminated cultures of the two sugarcane varieties. The frequency of fungal contaminants associated with in vitro cultures of sugarcane was assessed in both varieties at 15-day intervals from explant inoculation to 60 days. Among the six isolates, A. flavus (21.62-33.33%) was the most prevalent across all time intervals in both varieties, followed by Penicillium sp. (14.81-31.58%), Curvularia sp. (0-26.32%), M. phaseolina (0-21.62%), and Rhizopus sp. (15-19.05%). The least frequent fungal contaminant observed was the aseptate sterile fungus (4.76-11.76%) at all time intervals in both varieties.
The low flowering intensity of some sugarcane germplasm decreases seed yield. Flowering ability and intensity are desired traits for a successful sugarcane breeding program. The goal of the study was to evaluate the effects of various foliar gibberellic acid (GA3) concentrations (0, 50, and 100 mg l⁻¹) on 20 sugarcane genotypes to improve their flowering ability and intensity under natural conditions at El-Sabahia Research Station (31o 12 54″ N and 29o 58' 23″ E), Alexandria, Egypt, over the plant and ratoon cane crops grown in the 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 seasons. The results revealed that increasing GA3 concentrations up to 100 mg/l improved the flowering percentage during the various flowering stages of the 20 sugarcane genotypes. Sugarcane genotypes, namely MEX2001-80, Co1129, and CP63-49, outperformed the others during the flowering stages. The interactions between sugarcane genotypes and GA3 concentrations had a significant impact on flowering percentage. According to cluster analysis, the longest full emergence flowering period was 142.24 days, whereas the shortest period was 0.0 days. It was discovered that the Mex 2001–80 genotype's superiority in longevity was mostly due to its superiority in the emergence stage. The GT biplot's polygon view was used to identify the genotypes that showed good flowering responses for one or more GA3 concentrations. According to the study, the responsive sugarcane genotypes may be treated with 100 mg/l of GA3 to induce floral primordia, which will speed up and intensify flowering. Selection should concentrate on tip emergence stage and full emergence stage to increase flowering percentage, according to genotypic correlation. Finding the best sugarcane genotypes in natural settings is crucial, as evidenced by the necessity for additional research using higher concentrations of GA to evaluate all sugarcane germplasms for flowering ability and intensity.
Red rot disease has caused major loss to sugarcane crops for more than a hundred years. It is caused by the fungal pathogen Colletotrichum falcatum Went. In sugarcane breeding, the development of resistant varieties through inter varietal hybridization is a major challenge. Pre-breeding is an ideal approach to incorporate resistance. Saccharum spontaneum, the wild species of sugarcane has been utilized in sugarcane breeding since 1912 owing to their wider adaptability to biotic and abiotic stresses. It shows cytomorphological diversity with 41 cytotypes from 2n=40-128.The major cytotypes are 2n=40, 2n=48, 2n=56, 2n=60, 2n=64, 2n=72, 2n=80, 2n=88, 2n=96, 2n=112, 2n=120 and 2n=128, of which the cytotype 2n=64 is the predominant one. The actual frequency and level of red rot resistance in the hybrids derived from different ploidies /cytotypes of S. spontaneum are yet to be ascertained. About 588 hybrids derived from 37 interspecific crosses involving eight commercial varieties and 16 clones of S. spontaneum with eight cytotypes (2n=40, 56, 60, 64, 72, 80, 88, 112) were evaluated for red rot resistance at 6th month under controlled condition using the pathotype CF 06 (Cf 671). Resistance observed in 44.3% of the hybrids in which 28.9% was MR and 15.4% of R types. Differential segregation of chromosomes from different cytotypes imparted differential reactions in the progenies to red rot pathogen. The progenies with 2n=40, 64, 72, 80, 88 and 112 imparted resistance at higher frequency from 31.5% to 56.0%. The contribution of lower cytotypes for imparting resistance was 43.5% (2n=40), 19.4% (2n=56) and 16.0% (2n=60). Among the lower cytotypes, higher frequency of resistance with 2n=40 is due to the segregation of the whole genomic complement of 40 chromosomes of male gamete (S. spontaneum) to the progenies through n+2n transmission. Though 64 cytotype derived hybrids had 32 chromosomes through n+n transmission they sustained resistance in 48.7% of progenies. Among the higher cytotypes, 88 and 112 produced maximum resistant progenies at a frequency of 56%. It indicates that enhanced ploidies with the higher male genomic/gametic component impart resistance at a higher frequency. It is advantageous for sugarcane breeding to attain stable resistance. Hence, this study suggests utilizing the resistant hybrids of the higher cytotype derived crosses for nobilisation to achieve horizontal/stable resistance.
Sugarcane rust incited by Puccinia melanocephala (brown rust) and P. kuehnii (orange rust) becomes very severe under warm,moist climatic conditions. Though there were methods to screen rust resistance under artificial conditions where rust is prevalent, there is no method to screen the rust resistance in a place where rust occurrence is not regular and severe. To overcome this problem, a simple method was devised to screen sugarcane leaves challenged with rust uredospores and maintaining the setup under optimum relative humidity and temperature for 15-20 days for identifying the rust resistant sugarcane clones. This method of rust screening is simple and easy, fast and reliable and many clones can be screened in short period of 20 days.
Root exudates are implicated in biotic and abiotic stress resistance mechanism by influencing the rhizosphere microbiome, which also enhance the availability of fixed soil nutrients. The significance of root exudates is profoundly higher under adverse growing conditions in comparison to conducive environments. Several reports are available on the above-ground morpho-physiological adaptations to biotic and abiotic stresses, whereas exudation of root-released organic compounds is one of the least studied responses in sugarcane. Root exudates at the optimal amount determines crop establishment and survival by overall improvement in rhizosphere fitness and microbiome beneficial for nutrient acquisition. An attempt was made to characterise the diversity in root exudates of Saccharum spp. clones and allied genera under ambient growing conditions during the germination phase. Among the tested 40 genotypes, 26 were previously reported to be resistant against biotic and abiotic stresses, out of which 16 genotypes exhibited greater proportion of root-released organic compounds, which apart from other adaptive above-ground responses may attribute to their resistance mechanism. The data generated may aid future research in this field of work, and for optimal utilisation of genetic resources.
Sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is a large perennial grass that is cultivated in tropical, semi-tropical, and subtropical regions of the world. Salinity stress is one of the important abiotic stresses limiting crop growth and productivity. It involves numerous changes in the physiological and metabolic processes, depending on severity, stage of the crop and duration of the stress. Plasma membranes are the primary sites where stress signals are perceived and transmitted for rapid gene expression/enzyme activity. Lipid signaling is one such perfect mechanism for the transmission of information between plasma membrane, cytosol, organelles, particularly nucleus and has found an integral place in stress signaling in plants. Phospholipases (PLs) constitute a family of lipidhydrolyzing enzymes that catalyze lipid remodeling and generate rapid responses to environmental cues. In this study we have cloned and characterized Patatin like Protein (PLP) a phospholipase gene from Erianthus. The saline (8 ds/m) treated sugarcane hybrids such as Co 11015 and Co 12009 along with Erianthus was used for estimation of the copy number of PLP in various tissues. Our results showed that, the leaves of Co 11015 had high copy number of PLP followed by the leaf tissues of Erianthus.This study aids in understanding of PLP gene expression involved in salinity stress induced lipid signaling.
Red rot resistant varieties are deployed in the field to avoid serious losses caused by the red rot pathogen, Colletotrichum falcatum. However, frequent breakdown of resistance occurs due to the development of newer pathotypes and in certain situations, elite varieties that are moderately susceptible to red rot are being cultivated. Under such situations, adopting novel strategies to manage the disease is of paramount importance. Since protection of crop at different stages of crop growth from red rot incidence is essential to maintain good crop stand and to achieve higher productivity, attempts have been made by following conventional and molecular approaches. Conventionally, effective fungicides, bioagents and their integration were identified and also standardized effective delivery methods for successful management. In addition, attempts have been made at molecular level to identify virulence related genes of C. falcatum to monitor pathogen population under field conditions and to identify newer pathotypes with high virulence for effective screening programme. Besides, established the possibility of identifying potential target sites as genes/ proteins for fungicidal management of red rot in the field. Findings of both conventional and molecular approaches attempted for red rot management under field conditions are summarized in this review.
The morpho-anatomical phenes which plays an important role in imparting stress tolerance are less explored for their stress adaptability in sugarcane. The present study was carried out to identify the leaf and root anatomical modifications conferring drought and salinity tolerance in sugarcane germplasm compared to commercial genotypes at early stages of stress development. In the study the commercial hybrids (Co 99004 and Co 86032) showed early physiological stress symptoms with few anatomical modifications viz., cell wall lignification around the metaxylem and reduction in metaxylem diameter elements under both drought and salinity stress. Both the Erianthus clones (SES 347 and SES181) showed several anatomical modifications viz., significantly lignified cells around leaf and root vascular tissues, pericycle, narrowed root metaxylem diameter under drought and salinity stress condition. Erianthus clones showed higher root penetration ability under drought stress with significant anatomical variations viz., smaller cortical cell file, multilayered epidermis and lignified sclerenchymatous hypodermis, lignified endodermis, reduced stele diameter, lignified cells around metaxylem and narrowed metaxylem contributing to root mechanical strength. The study shows that both Erianthus and commercial genotypes could sense the early stage of stress development. At early stages of drought and salinity stress the commercial genotypes were able to survive with few anatomical modifications, while Erianthus clones showed several anatomical modifications to combat the extreme environment. The anatomical traits observed in germplasm clones under salinity and drought stress can be further explored in order to utilize them for developing extreme abiotic stress tolerant sugarcane genotypes.
Plants efficiently absorb silica through the uptake of dissolved ortho silicic acid from the soil, a molecule characterized by its lack of charge. This variant of silica, recognized as ortho silicic acid (OSA) or plant-available silicon (PAS), originates from the depletion of silica-rich minerals. Despite its traditional non-essential status for plant growth, silica pervades the vegetation of soil- based crops, conferring functional and beneficial attributes. Intriguingly, specific crops like rice and sugarcane demonstrate a silica absorption pattern reminiscent of essential nutrients like nitrogen and potassium. Consequently, silica gains significance from an agronomic perspective, proving advantageous for enhancing the yield of these crops. Motivated by this revelation, our study delves into the effects of applying stabilized ortho silicic acid (Silxol, 0.8%) on the growth, yield, and juice quality characteristics of four distinct sugarcane varieties viz; two early (CoS 13231, CoLk 15204) and two mid-late varieties (CoS 12232, CoPb 15213). These varieties possess better sucrose percentages, yet their yield percentages fall short, leading to their limited acceptance among farmers due to the payment system anchored in cane weight. The outcomes unveiled a consistent elevation in tiller count and millable cane across all varieties due to silicic acid application. Additionally, the use of OSA fostered favorable impacts on pivotal cane yield attributes, including cane diameter, internode length, stalk height, and unit cane weight. These combined enhancements contributed to an amplified cane yield. Notably, treated canes showcased superior juice quality attributes, evidenced by enhanced measurements such as Brix levels, sucrose percentage, commercial cane sugar percentage (CCS %), and overall CCS yield per hectare.
Sugars will eventually be exported transporters (SWEETs) are recently discovered bidirectional uniporters that play a significant role in various physiological and developmental processes in plants including pollen nutrition, nectar secretion, seed filling, and combating abiotic stresses. SWEETs are also responsible for pathogen susceptibility in many plants. Although the structure and evolutionary relationships of various SWEETs have been revealed, insights into the regulatory mechanisms of SWEET expression remain the basis for developing improved varieties of crops. This review discusses many relevant updates on SWEET research in plants. We also examine how transcriptional activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing tools derive pathogen-resistant plants for crop improvement.
Stalk rot is one of the important diseases of sugarcane - caused by Phaeocytostroma sacchari. Survey and monitoring was done during 2020-2022 to assess the status of stalk rot in the sugarcane germplasm and molecular identification of the associated pathogen. During the study period, 15 clones from the Saccharum officinarum recorded stalk rot incidence followed by two foreign hybrids. The clones affected were generally weak and were already affected by sugarcane bacilliform virus (SCBV). The clones 28 NG 10 and 57 NG 140 were severely affected by stalk rot. In addition, the association of Fusarium spp. was also recorded in these clones. The pathogen was studied for morphological and cultural characters and identified through molecular methods using ITS and LSU primers and in the BLAST analysis, the amplified nucleotide sequence of the pathogen shared more than 98% similarity with other already submitted nucleotide sequences of P. sacchari. As there are no reports available on the molecular identification of this pathogen, this is the first record of molecular identification of P.sacchari from India.
An experiment was conducted during 2021-22 to evaluate the performance of early maturing high yielding sugarcane varieties at ICAR-Sugarcane Breeding Institute, Coimbatore. The experiment was planted in split plot design and replicated twice. Seven elite sugarcane genotypes Co 11015, Co 15005, Co 15006, Co 15007, Co 15009, Co 15010, Co 15021 were assessed agronomically with three standards checks i.e. Co 09004, Co 86032 and CoC 671 and two fertilizer levels i.e. 100 and 125 % RDF. The experiment was planted in wide row spacing (150 cm). The crop was harvested at 12th month and observation on NMC, cane height, cane girth, number of nodes, cane weight and cane yield per plot was recorded. Cane yield was influenced significantly due to different elite genotypes wherein, elite sugarcane genotypes, Co 15010 (139.79 t/ha) recorded significantly higher cane yield than the standards Co 86032 (114.85 t/ha), Co09004 (108.74 t/ha) and CoC 671(94.20 t/ha). Juice quality (Brix, sucrose, purity and CCS percent) were studied at harvest with random cane samples. Juice qualities were not influenced significantly due to fertilizer levels; however juice Brix, Sucrose%, Purity % and CCS % at harvest showed significant varietal differences.
A field experiment was conducted for three years (2019-20, 2020-21 and 2021-22) at Main Sugarcane Research Station, Navsari Agricultural University (NAU), Navsari, Gujarat to study the effect of planting geometry for single eye budded settling on growth, yield and quality of sugarcane under South Gujarat condition. Five inter row spacing treatments comprising of planting single eye bud settling at 90 cm row spacing (R1), 105 cm (R2), 120 cm (R3), 60-120-60 cm pair row spacing (R4) and 90-120-90 cm pair row spacing (R5) and three intra row spacing viz., 30 cm (I1), 45 cm (I2) and 60 cm (I3) were evaluated in split plot design with three replications. In inter row spacing, planting single eye bud settling at 60-120-60 cm pair row spacing found significantly superior for plant height (214 cm), number of tillers per plant (5.43), number of millable canes (95548), cane yield (199 t/ha) and CCS yield (14.02 t/ha). In intra row spacing, planting of single eye bud settling at 30 cm gave significantly more plant height at 180 DAP (207 cm), number of millable canes (91243) and cane yield (113 t/ha) than rest of treatments. While number of tillers per plant (7.32) was highest under treatment I3 (planting of single eye bud settling at 60 cm). In case of economy, treatment R3 (120 cm inter row spacing) obtained higher net income (Rs. 252989/ha) and B:C ratio (2.56) followed by treatment R4(60-120-60 cm pair row spacing) with net income (Rs. 252892/ha) and B:C ratio (2.38). Among intra row spacing treatments, treatment I2 (45 cm recorded higher net return (Rs. 235008/ha). In case of B:C ratio, I3 (60 cm) recorded highest B:C ratio (2.47) followed by treatments I2(2.39). On the basis of pooled results, it is concluded from the study that higher yield and net returns of sugarcane crop can be achieved with planting single eye bud settling either at 120 cm row spacing or 60-120-60 cm pair row spacing; intra row spacing should be kept 45 cm under south Gujarat condition.
Juice quality and nutrient status were studied in different maturity stages of 16 sugarcane clones under normal and water-logged conditions in two cropping seasons. In both the cropping seasons, the brix of juice showed an increasing trend towards maturity (18.78 to 20.23%), while sucrose content in juice reached its maximum in the 11th month (17.78%) and declined in the 12th month (16.71%). Reducing sugar varied from 0.45 to 2.15%, and out of 16 clones studied, seven recorded less than 1.0% reducing sugars under water logged conditions. The clones that showed higher brix and sucrose content registered lesser values of reducing sugars and vice-versa. Juice electrical conductivity varied from 0.90 (88 WL 2137 and 98 WL 1357) to 1.80 (88 WL 1072), while pH of the juice did not show significant variation among clones. Under water logging conditions, nitrogen and potassium content in juice significantly varied among the clones, while phosphorous content did not show significant variation. In both planting seasons, the clones WL 1061, 92 WL 1029, 93 WL 1297, 97 WL 633, 99 WL 379, and 91 WL 629 recorded comparatively better juice quality parameters under water logged conditions similar to that of resistant standards (Co 62175 and Co 8231).
