The article provides quantitative estimates of organic carbon stocks in the soils and forest litter of protective forests in the Republic of Bashkortostan. The aim of the study is to quantify carbon pools in soils and forest litter of the main forest-forming species in the region. The research objects were stands of the Dmitrievskoe and Ufa Forest Districts dominated by small-leaved lime, silver birch, aspen, Siberian larch and common ash. Field sampling and laboratory analysis revealed that soil organic carbon stocks range from 3.4 kg C m–² (light gray forest soils) to 16.4 kg C m–² (dark gray forest soils). Dark gray forest soils and chernozems accumulate more than 80% of the total carbon stock in the forest district. Forest soils accumulate 17.8% more carbon compared to similar soils in non-forested areas. Forest litter contributes significantly to the carbon balance: maximum stocks were recorded in larch stands (7.3 t C ha-1), minimum – in ash-dominated stands (3.78 t C ha-1). The removal of forest litter was experimentally proven to lead to a statistically significant decrease in humus content in the upper 10-cm layer by 34% and a twofold reduction in earthworm abundance. The study confirms the key role of forest ecosystems, especially mature forests on fertile soils, in carbon sequestration and emphasizes the need to preserve forest litter as a crucial component of the carbon pool. The obtained data are of practical importance for the development of regional forest management programs aimed at mitigating climate change impacts.
The presented work provides an assessment of the rate of decomposition of plant litter in middle-taiga spruce forests of the moist bilberry type and the polytric-sphagnum type, as well as in 4–6-year-old clear-cut areas in the Republic of Komi. The features of the component composition of plant litter and its chemical transformations during decomposition in spruce forests and clear-cut areas were studied. It was found that in spruce forests litter from woody plants predominates (76–84%), whereas in clear-cut areas there is a replacement of woody plant litter (11–12%) by litter from ground vegetation (88–89%). The total litter stock in clear-cut areas naturally decreases to 3.1–3.6 t ha-1 year-1. The chemical composition of litter shows species-specific characteristics. One-year-old spruce needles actively accumulate nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorus, while with increasing age the concentrations of calcium, silicon, manganese, and aluminum increase. Pine needles are characterized by higher potassium content and lower nitrogen and phosphorus content, and they are richer in calcium, silicon, manganese, and aluminum. Birch leaves exceed needles in the content of most macro- and microelements. Among ground vegetation species, bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus) is characterized by high nitrogen and calcium content, herbaceous plants are characterized by higher potassium and silicon content, mosses – by potassium and magnesium content. The decrease in the content of key nutrient elements in plant litter at the final stages of ontogenesis reflects a slowdown in metabolic processes. It was noted that the chemical composition of spruce needles differs significantly depending on growing conditions (spruce forests vs. clear-cut areas), which may contribute to increased differentiation. The results show that, despite generally low mineralization rates, the decomposition of plant litter proceeds more intensively in cutting areas between skidding roads than in spruce forests. This is associated with altered abiotic conditions and the predominance of ground vegetation litter. The study reveals patterns of plant litter transformation in disturbed ecosystems and emphasizes the need for further research to fully understand the dynamics of organic matter decomposition and forest floor formation in clear-cut spruce forest areas.
The commissioning of the Federal State Forest Information System (FGIS LK) has qualitatively changed the requirements for forest management planning information, while its production base has degraded: a thirty-five-year methodological gap in remote forest inventory, a reduction in the number of forest inventory engineers of state forest planning organizations from about 4000 specialists in 1980 to slightly more than 400 by 2026, a drop in the average annual volume of forest inventory from about 40 to less than 10 million ha against the estimated demand of 30-40 million ha per year, and a four- to five-fold deficit of interpreter workstations. Objective. Scientific and production substantiation of the design of the unified system of forest inventory works of the Russian Federation and confirmation of its production feasibility. Materials and methods. System and regulatory analysis; statistical analysis of departmental data; technical and economic modelling; a production experiment – implementation of the full technological cycle at three sites with independent acceptance of the results by FGIS LK. Results. A two-zone design is substantiated: the forest taxation zone (300-400 million ha, stereo remote sensing imagery with a resolution of at least 0.4 m/pixel) and the forest survey zone (quarter-level detail, imagery of at least 10 m/pixel). A three-stage inventory model with the preliminary status of the desk stages and online entry of the third-stage results into FGIS LK, the “5+1” and “4+1” organizational formulas of a single two-year cycle, and a twelve-stage production technology with built-in quality control are developed. The techno-economic assessment of the public-private partnership yields 6.25-8.9 billion RUB per year for 35-50 million ha, with a federal share of 3.6-4.8 billion RUB; the effect is at least a two-fold increase in labour productivity with an approximately two-fold reduction in unit cost. Conclusion. Given the technical solvability of personnel, infrastructure and methodological problems, the main constraint is the institutional risk – the probability that systemic proposals will not receive serious expert and public consideration.
Global climate change, directly linked to continuously rising concentrations of greenhouse gases, necessitates the refinement and updating of our understanding of the climate-regulating role of forest ecosystems. Phytomass – including standing trees, undergrowth and understory, and forest floor vegetation – plays an important role in the global carbon cycle through its capacity to absorb atmospheric carbon and provide long-term carbon storage. This article provides a review of available data on phytomass and phytomass carbon stocks in spruce forests of Russia and several European countries. Using the Murmansk region as a case study, we examine the key characteristics and critical factors influencing the spatial distribution and formation of phytomass carbon pools. We further articulate the rationale for comprehensive research on the productivity and carbon allocation within the main phytomass pools of spruce phytocenoses.
Oil field development in forested areas has a significant impact on forests. Field development involves clearing the area for oil production sites, creating facilities for primary oil processing, and pipelines for its transportation. Oil production development at an already developed field is associated with oil losses during accidents at production sites and oil pipelines and vegetation degradation at oil spill sites. Both aspects — forest area reduction and vegetation degradation in oil production areas — determine the relevance of their research using space images. The work is based on the example of a site at the Samotlor field in Western Siberia. The research material is modern space images from the WorldView-3 satellite in 2019 and 2022, and a 1980 general topographic map. Research methods include determining forest areas using the 1980 map and 2019 images; interpreting oil spills using space images. obtaining spectral radiance graphs for areas with different types of degraded vegetation within spills and for similar types of vegetation outside spills, in natural conditions, using images obtained in the year of the spill and three years later. As a result, 3-fold reduction in the forest area of the study area since 1980 was revealed. The spectral radiance curves of degraded vegetation obtained from WorldView-3 images, compared to natural vegetation, are characterized by a decrease in the NIR1 maximum of up to 60% for shrub vegetation and up to 80% for forest vegetation. A repeat survey three years later showed a decrease in these differences, recording partial natural restoration of vegetation.
Forest fires remain a major problem for the country’s forestry sector, requiring an analysis and rethinking of the fire safety system in the Russian Federation’s forests. This article examines the early detection and suppression of forest fires. It identifies a number of measures necessary to improve the effectiveness of forest fire protection, and provides recommendations for emergency response to forest fires and the use of federal reserve funds, the formation of which is provided for in Article 53.9 of the Forest Code of the Russian Federation.
This article presents the results and summary of the most important and interesting reports from the IX All-Russian (with international participation) scientific conference “Aerospace Methods and Geoinformation Technologies in Forest Science, Forestry, and Ecology”, held April 15-17, 2025, in Moscow at the Isaev Centre for Forest Ecology and Productivity of the Russian Academy of Sciences (CEPF RAS). Over the three days of the conference, 60 reports were presented on promising areas of using remote sensing methods and GIS technologies in various aspects of forest ecosystem studies. The 130 participants represented research and educational organizations, as well as commercial companies from Russia, Belarus, and Azerbaijan. The plenary sessions covered important topics related to the assessment of large-scale changes in Russian forests using space monitoring data: the dynamics of species and age structure, forest damage from fires, and pyrogenic carbon emissions from forests. Considerable attention was also paid to the potential for predicting forest insect outbreaks using satellite data and the need for remote monitoring of forest reforestation on abandoned agricultural lands in Russia. A significant number of sectional presentations were devoted to the challenges and prospects of using aerial imagery from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), airborne and terrestrial laser scanning, web application development, information and analytical systems, and automated services for monitoring forest vegetation changes to assess forest characteristics. Conference participants proposed recommendations for improving remote monitoring systems and noted significant progress in the development and use of artificial intelligence for recognizing tree crowns, clear-cut areas, forest infrastructure facilities, and other features using remote sensing data. A collection of abstracts from the conference was prepared electronically and posted on the website of the scientific electronic library Elibrary. Information about the IX All-Russian Scientific Conference, including the program, collection of materials, video broadcasts of plenary and sectional sessions, and presentations of papers, is available at https://cepl.rssi.ru/confs/ASGIS2025/.
This article presents the results of a study examining the potential of threshold segmentation of intercrown areas of forest canopy images using domestic ultra-high-resolution satellite images obtained from the Resurs-P1 (Geoton-L) satellite to identify the relationship between segmentation parameters and biometric characteristics of pine stands, using the forests of the Curonian Spit National Park as an example. The proposed method is based on identifying shaded segments of the intercrown space within forest stand boundaries, taking into account a specified brightness range, and then merging adjacent pixels based on spectral proximity at a new specified brightness threshold. For each specified threshold, the areas and average brightness values of shadow segments within the stand boundaries, standard deviations, and median values are determined. Based on these values, a threshold canopy closure is calculated for each stand, taking into account only shaded intercrown spaces. Statistical characteristics of average brightness and canopy closure threshold serve as variables for regression modeling of biometric characteristics (height, diameter, and stand age) of pine forests. The regression analysis was conducted using an ensemble method with Random Forest (RF) decision tree construction. The R² coefficient of determination for pine forest characteristics ranges from 0.29 to 0.37. The results of the validation model for the test set are virtually identical to those for the training set, demonstrating the robustness of the RF model. Regression modeling of pine stand characteristics using the RF algorithm (using pure pine stands in the Curonian Spit National Park as an example), using predictors derived from threshold segmentation of forest canopy images on Geoton-L panchromatic images, yields stable results with a root-mean-square error of approximately 4 m for average height, 6 cm for diameter, and 20 years for age. Threshold segmentation of tree canopy images is useful for preliminary assessment of stand characteristics in cases where radiometric correction of spectral data is insufficient for calculating standard textural characteristics.
The assessment of the carbon pool in representative forest stands of the northern, middle, and southern taiga subzones of Central Siberia, located in the territory of the Krasnoyarsk Kraihas, has been conducted. The area of these taiga regions accounts for 87.5% of the total territory of Central Siberia, and they make the main contribution to carbon deposition in this area. The total mass of deposited carbon in the representative stands of the northern taiga is 73970 thousand tons, in the stands of the middle taiga this value is 1257101 thousand tons, and for the southern taiga, it is 2766554 thousand tons. The average mass of deposited carbon for the northern taiga subzone is 13.2 tons per hectare, for the middle taiga it is 44.6 tons per hectare, and for the southern taiga, it is 64.5 tons per hectare. Such differences are due to the zonal characteristics of the natural and climatic conditions in these areas and, consequently, the varying productivity of the forest stands formed in these taiga subzones. The fractional composition of the carbon pool depends on many indicators, primarily on the bonitet (site quality), density, and fullness of the forest stand. For all the considered representative forest stands, the main contribution to carbon deposition comes from the trunks and roots of trees. In the northern taiga, the share of trunks accounts for 49.9% to 66.7% of the deposited carbon, while roots account for 18.1% to 34.8%. For the middle taiga, these values range from 53.8% to 70.4% for trunks and from 13.2% to 33.4% for roots. For the southern taiga, the share of deposited carbon in trunks is from 53.4% to 69.6%, and in roots, it is from 17.7% to 31.9%. The obtained data on the carbon pool of forest stands in the taiga zone of Central Siberia are important for understanding carbon exchange processes in forest ecosystems, as well as for developing effective strategies for the conservation and management of forest areas in the context of climate change.
Paper presents the development of a plugin for Open Source QGIS for automated assessment of data quality of road network when solving the logistics and transport problems of the forestry complex and infrastructure projects in a Russian region (Novosibirsk region). Automation of data quality assessment is especially relevant in the context of Open Data use, diversity and an increase in the number of sources. National standards, industry documents, cases of Russian companies were studied. The developed plug-in “Compare_road” is used to analyze and verify data on roads in the format of vector linear files. During the analysis, the following metrics are calculated: accuracy of compliance, completeness and data relevance. Plug-in is published on GitHub under the MIT license. The target audience of the plug-in is researchers, students and amateur-users. To test the work of the plug-in, an analysis of data on the road network of the Novosibirsk region of the Natural Earth, VMAP, Digital Chart of the World projects was carried out using OSM as a reference. The best accuracy indicators were shown by the Digital Chart of the World – 270.7 m, the best VMAP data completeness indicator – 22.6%. The analysis of roads data quality for the forestries of Novosibirsk region was carried out. Best quality resullts have Tatarskoye (127.6 m, 35.9 %) and Maslyaninskoye (154 m, 35.9 %), worst – Kushtovskoye (378.5 m, 0.7 %) and Suzunskoye (418 m, 1.5 %).
Relevance and objectives. Deadwood is an integral component of natural forest ecosystems, ensuring their sustainability. In Russian soil science, the role of large woody debris as a component of the soil profile is practically not taken into account, despite the fact that buried deadwood is widely represented in boreal forests. The purpose of the study is to characterize the morphological properties changes (color and soil profile structure) of illuvial-iron podzol (Ferric Albic Podzol Arenic) and gray-humus (sod) metamorphosed soil (Umbrisol Loamic) under the influence of Picea abies logs 3-5 decay classes in local conditions in the middle taiga spruce forest. Materials and methods. The study was carried out in the summer of 2023 and 2024 in the Republic of Karelia on the territory of the Kivach State Nature Reserve on two sample plots. The influence of the deadwood was studied from the 3rd to the 5th decomposition class. Soil profiles are dug in each direction from the deadwood to 1 m. The morphological description of the profile is carried out directly under the deadwood, at distances of 0-25 cm, 25-50 cm, and 50-100 cm from the log according to generally accepted methods. This work shows the influence of deadwood on the soil within a local area, and there is no extrapolation of the obtained results to the entire area of the soil type. Results. The schemes of changes in the morphological structure of the upper horizons under the deadwood trunk and at a distance from it are compiled. Under the deadwood trunks in the conditions of gray-humus soil, the AY1 horizon, intensely colored with humus, is absent. In Podzol the fermented-humus horizon OFHh is diagnosed under the log. In Umbrisol, at a distance of 25 cm from the log, a change in the composition of the forest litter is observed. In Podzol a bleached horizon E is diagnosed under the log of the last decomposition class and at a distance of up to 25 cm from it. A litter is formed directly on the fallen wood, which gradually merges with the soil litter as the log decomposes. Conclusion. Logs of 3-5 decay classes create heterogeneity in the surface horizons. The effect on morphological properties is manifested in a change in color, as well as in the appearance or, conversely, the absence of some soil horizons. The effect of log of late decay classes (classes 3, 4, 5a for Umbrisol and classes 3, 4 for Podzol) is manifested directly under the log. The effect of the log extends to the surrounding space only at the last decomposition class of the log (class 5b for Umbrisol soil and class 5 for Podzol).
Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) is a valuable introduced species of the Bryansk forests. Analysis of the distribution of this tree species in the state forest fund of the Bryansk region, identification of forest growth conditions that best meet the requirements of P. sibirica, is of scientific and practical interest. The aim of the research was to identify the growth patterns of Siberian stone pine by diameter in various hydrological conditions. Analysis of wood cores taken from 20 trees in forests operating in automorphic and semi-hydromorphic landscapes on the territory of the Experimental Department of Introduction and Forestry of the Educational and Experimental Forestry Enterprise of the Bryansk State University of Engineering and Technology revealed the dynamics of radial increments for the period from 1990 to 2024. Dendrochronology methods were used to determine the growth patterns of Siberian stone pine by diameter on automorphic and semi-hydromorphic soils. Under normal moisture conditions, a moderate negative correlation was found between the growth and the average annual temperature of the current year and a positive correlation with the amount of precipitation in July of the current vegetation period. Under excessive moisture, moderate and noticeable negative correlations were found between the growth and the temperatures of June, July, August, September, the average annual temperature of the current year, and the temperature of November of the previous year. On automorphic soils, the value of radial growth was greater than on semi-hydromorphic soils. Regardless of the hydrological regime of the soils, pronounced inhibition of growth by diameter in Siberian cedar pine was observed in 1992, 2002, and 2010.
Restoration of degraded terrestrial ecosystems is impossible without restoration of soil fertility, including the creation of an appropriate soil structure. Reintroduction of natural soil-forming organisms among soil biota is an ecologically correct, but methodically insufficiently developed technology, especially on a large scale, which is necessary to achieve the goals of adaptation of terrestrial ecosystems to climate change and restoration after disturbances. In this regard, there is a need for artificial breeding of a number of species and groups of soil invertebrates. The objective of this study is to find optimal conditions for breeding the endogeic species of earthworms Aporrectodea caliginosa in vermiculture. The studies were conducted at the «EcoCherv» vermifarm in the Sverdlovsk region (Yekaterinburg, Russia) from 2022 to 2024. Two series of experiments on breeding worms on lowland peat (pH 4.8–5.5) with different humidity (60% and 75(80)%) and the absence/addition of fertilizer (grass granules from a mixture of meadow grasses) were carried out. Breeding of A. caliginosa with the addition of grass granules and increased substrate humidity (75–80%) was successful. Over 11 months, the number of worms increased more than 8-fold (taking into account cocoons, 20-fold). The life cycle was five months. This work will be continued to obtain a large breeding population of A. caliginosa. To maintain genetic diversity and sustainability, it is planned to renew part of the population (up to 10% of the total number) by introducing individuals from natural habitats once every two years.
Relevance and aim. Korean pine-broadleaf forests of the southern Sikhote-Alin are unique forest ecosystems with high biological value and complex structure. Under ongoing forest exploitation and degradation of old-growth stands, the evaluation of long-term logging consequences is of special importance. This study aims to assess the state of forest stands 60–70 years after single selective logging conducted in the 1960s, and to compare them with preserved old-growth forests. Materials and methods. The data were collected within the Verkhneussuriysky biogeocenotic station, where 346 temporary sample plots were established. For analysis, 127 plots of the K4 forest type (multi-shrub Korean pine forest with yellow birch) were selected, including 69 old-growth and 58 post-logging sites. Tree diameter, height, basal area, and stem volume were measured. Calculations were performed in Python using nonparametric statistical methods. Results. The obtained results show that even after 60–70 years, post-logging forests still differ significantly from old-growth stands: they have lower timber stock, smaller average diameters, and lack large trees. Fast-growing pioneer deciduous species predominate, while the proportion of Korean pine is significantly reduced. Conclusion. The restoration of the original structure of Korean pine-broadleaf forests is extremely slow and remains incomplete even decades after logging. This highlights the need to reconsider forestry practices aimed at conserving and restoring these ecosystems.
A concept of soil organopedogenesis has been proposed as an unheeded active process of general pedogenesis reflecting the predominant significance of the biological factor in soil formation according to Vernadsky’s theory on organisms’ leading role in all natural processes in the continental part of the biosphere. A methodology is presented to reflect the role of organopedogenesis in the existing soil classifications by including in their taxonomy the types of accumulation and transformation of soil organic matter and the types of organoprofiles. The inclusion of these components will make the classification dynamic and increase its practical importance. That is especially significant for decision making at the time being given the fast negative global environmental changes.
Ground layer vegetation plays an important role in the biological cycle in forest ecosystems. However, the quantitative responses of this component to various disturbances, as well as its recovery after damage, remain poorly studied. This paper presents the results of a study of the response of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L., 1753) coenopopulations to different types of disturbances. Field experiments were carried out on sampling plots in a pine forest in the Moscow region, where V. myrtillus, Convallaria majalis L. (1753), and green mosses dominated the ground layer vegetation. The experiments included three types of impact: the removal of litter, the cutting of aboveground shoots, and the cutting of rhizomes. The results showed that the survival of partial formations depends on maintaining physiological integration with the clone if shoots or rhizomes are damaged. The main recovery mechanism is the development of dormant buds on rhizomes. Removal of litter results in orthotropic growth of rhizomes and formation of new shoots. These data were used to enhance the CAMPUS‑S model with an external effects module, which was then used to simulate fires, cuttings, and combinations of these disturbances, as well as shrub regeneration after such events. Simulation experiments showed that V. myrtillus coenopopulations were resistant to one-time damage, but repeated impacts led to their degradation. Surface fires of medium intensity (affecting up to 10% of the area) did not result in population mortality, whereas 15% damage made recovery impossible. Although selective harvesting, especially with the caterpillar machinery, slowed the recovery process, it did not result in the death of V. myrtillus coenopopulations. These results can be used to evaluate the sustainability of coenopopulations and allow planning the system of forest management that minimises damage to the ground layer vegetation.
Актуальность и цели. Современные климатические изменения привлекают пристальное внимание к изучению климаторегулирующих функций лесных экосистем. Особенно значимы в этом отношении хвойные леса, широко распространенные на территории нашей страны и формирующие значительную долю (до 80%) лесных насаждений. Впервые в условиях Омской области изучены запасы углерода в древостоях лиственницы сибирской, произрастающей на территории карбонового полигона (г. Омск) и землях лесного фонда. Цель работы – сравнительная оценка запасов углерода в пулах фитомассы древостоя, лесной подстилки и органического вещества почвы в древостоях лиственницы сибирской (Larix sibirica Ledebur), произрастающей на разных участках южной лесостепи Омской области. Материалы и методы. Статья основана на материалах исследований, проведенных в 2022–2023 гг. в лиственничных древостоях на юге лесостепи в Омской области – на карбоновом полигоне Омского ГАУ (г. Омск) и близ с. Кордон. Запасы углерода в рассматриваемых пулах рассчитывали согласно Методическим указаниям по количественному определению объема поглощения парниковых газов от 2017 г. Результаты. Среднемноголетние и текущие климатические показатели в местах проведения исследований существенно не отличались. Возраст древостоев составляет 63–70 лет. Ключевым фактором различия в условиях произрастания рассматриваемых объектов стали разные типы почв. На территории карбонового полигона почва лугово-черноземная маломощная среднегумусовая тяжелосуглинистая, близ с. Кордон – серая лесная осолоделая маломощная тяжелосуглинистая. Различия в типах почв обусловили разницу в таксационных показателях лиственничных древостоев и разницу запасов углерода в пулах фитомассы и органического вещества почвы. Запасы углерода в фитомассе древостоев варьировали от 47.3 т С га-1 до 100.6 т С га-1. Запас органического углерода в слое 0–50 см на территории полигона составил 122.2 т С га-1, а в почвах близ с. Кордон – 108.1 т С га-1. Заключение. Выявленные различия в таксационных показателях одновозрастных лиственничных древостоев и запасах углерода в пулах фитомассы древостоя и почвы, обусловлены, главным образом, различием в типах почв. Запас стволовой древесины в древостоях лиственницы близ с. Кордон на серой лесной почве значительно выше, чем на лугово-черноземной почве полигона ОмГАУ. Более высокие запасы почвенного углерода в слое 0–50 см, наоборот, характерны для территории полигона.
Массовые ветровалы приводят к катастрофическим нарушениям структуры лесных насаждений, последствия которых имеют комплексный и долговременный характер. Цель исследования – оценка изменений структуры малонарушенных и одновозрастных древостоев и запасов углерода валежа в заповеднике «Кологривский лес» после катастрофического ураганного ветра 2021 года с использованием наземных данных. Для оценки последствий воздействия ураганного ветра на лесные насаждения Кологривского участка заповедника в июле 2022 года на ветровалах различной интенсивности было заложено 15 учетных площадей, на которых проведена глазомерно-измерительная таксация для учета растущей части древостоя, сохранившейся после катастрофического воздействия. Отпавшую часть древостоя изучали на тех же площадях на трансектах, учитывали древесную породу, диаметр и стадию разложения валежа. Запасы углерода в валеже на трансектах оценивали с использованием трех расчетных методов, основанных на значениях базисной плотности древесины по стадиям разложения и регрессионной зависимости содержания углерода в валеже от его объема. Результаты показали, что наибольшим разнообразием стадий разложения и древесных пород в составе валежа характеризуются сложные ельники липовые. В одновозрастных пихто-ельниках, ельниках, березняках и осинниках в структуре валежной древесины преобладали стволы первой стадии разложения, участие других стадий сравнительно невелико. Лучшую устойчивость к воздействию ураганного ветра проявили береза и осина, а менее устойчивой оказалась ель. В среднем доля ветровальной древесины ели составила 79%, березы и осины 34% от запаса до ветровала. Наибольшие запасы углерода валежа имеют чистые и условно-чистые одновозрастные спелые и перестойные ельники в бассейнах рек Сеха и Понга, достигающие на отдельных участках 65.3–68.8 тонн С / га.
Мониторинг фитомассы и продукции древесных растений является одной из приоритетных задач лесной экологии в связи с их ролью в глобальном балансе углерода. Выполнена оценка годичной продукции хвои, распределения фитомассы хвои по возрастам, а также содержания азота и углерода в хвое деревьев Pinus sylvestris в насаждениях разного возраста в разных лесорастительных условиях. Самые высокие значения годичной продукции хвои доминирующего элемента насаждения были отмечены в 180-190-летних сосняках черничных на песчаных и супесчаных подзолах. При этом годичная продукция хвои деревьев на вырубках была значимо ниже, чем в древостоях 40-50-, 80-100- и 180-190-лет. Доля фитомассы хвои разного возраста в общей фитомассе хвои различалась между молодыми деревьями на вырубке (до 10 лет) и деревьями большего возраста (40-50, 80-100 и 180-190-летние деревья). У молодых деревьев на вырубке доля хвои текущего года и однолетней хвои составляет почти 90%, у взрослых деревьев ˗ около 50% от всей массы хвои. Эти данные необходимо учитывать при построении моделей газообмена и потоков углерода в древостоях разного возраста в связи с зависимостью скорости фотосинтеза от возраста хвои. При увеличении возраста деревьев отмечалось более высокое содержание углерода в хвое. Обсуждается важность точной оценки содержания углерода в фитомассе для более корректной оценки запасов углерода в фитоценозе.
Рассматриваются возможности количественной оценки эстетических услуг природного пейзажа в лесах и парках. Обсуждается попытка «взвесить» качество эстетических услуг и эстетические свойства разных пейзажей. Предполагается, что эстетические характеристики участков леса и парков формируются теми же способами, что и характеристики живописи, и особенно, пейзажной живописи. В связи с этим объекты пейзажной живописи рассматриваются с художественной точки зрения для изучения возможности количественной оценки картин известных художников. Для описания цветности и яркости художественных произведений как совокупности пикселей разных цветов и яркости предложено рассматривать ранговые распределения по цветности и яркости этих объектов. Показано, что картины выдающихся художников характеризуются ранговыми распределениями в форме уравнений Ципфа-Парето и Мандельброта. По аналогии с произведениями живописи рассматриваются фотографии пейзажей на территории Алтайского заповедника. Показано, что все пейзажи можно классифицировать по характеристикам ранговых распределений Ципфа-Парето. Предложенный подход позволяет подойти к оценке эстетических характеристики пейзажей.
