The release kinetics of a model drug-like molecule (Thymol blue, TB) from dried polyacrylamide (PAm) filmogenic solution plated on a quartz cuvette into an aqueous solution was examined spectrophotometrically by one-shot measurement. The system was manufactured using the filmogenic solution-casting technique. Formulation was made by 2 ml of glycerol as a plasticizer. There is potential for using the produced film as a controlled drug delivery system. In order to investigate the dye release mechanism, kinetic release experiment was carried out immediately after the plated filmogenic solution converted to a film. Four mathematical models were applied to fit the experimental data. The Korsmeyer–Peppas kinetics model demonstrated the best correlation for the sample, and the release of TB can be regulated over a duration of one hour. The quasi-Fickian diffusion with n values of 0.2002 controlled the kinetics of TB release. There is potential for using the filmogenic solution as a controlled drug delivery system.
Metal sulphide nanomaterials have garnered a lot of attention because of their amazing inconsistency of compositions and structures with beleaguered physical and chemical properties. Metal sulphides nanomaterials are highly desirable materials for optoelectronic devices, low cost and environmentally friendly energy storage or conversion systems. Different physical and chemical synthesis techniques under controlled conditions have been utilized for oriented growth of various metal sulphide nanomaterials. As we know, pH is one of the crucial parameter in the synthesis of nanomaterials. The endeavor of this study is to discuss the role of pH in the synthesis of metal sulphide nanomaterials.
In the present era, major researchers have focused on the synthesis of nanomaterials due to their enormous potential for amazing technological advancements. Among the various categories, transition metal oxide-based nanocomposites are promising for various applications such as supercapacitors, sensors, bactericidal properties, photocatalytic degradation, solar cells, etc. Literature consists of many more traditional as well as advanced methods for the production of such nanocomposites like co-precipitation, sol-gel, hydrothermal processes, microwave-assisted synthesis, biosynthesis method, simple chemical methods, etc. The successful construction of nanoscale composition of transition metal oxide particles has been over and done with numerous analytical techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, EDX, BET, TGA, IR, Raman, and UV spectrum, etc. The general approach towards such synthesized nano-materials is to screen them for applications in electric, magnetic, solar, and storage devices. Nowadays, researchers attracted towards a multidisciplinary approach and study the catalytic efficiency of such nanocomposite in organic transformations for developing greener and eco-friendly protocols. This review article discusses several reported synthesis techniques, various characterization techniques used for structural and surface properties identifications, different morphologies, and catalytic potential of transition metal oxide-based nanocomposites.
This study presents a computational approach for designing potent compounds against breast cancer. A robust quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model, developed using genetic algorithms and multilinear regression analysis, predicts chemical activity (pGI50) against breast cancer receptors. The model's reliability is validated with external metrics, emphasizing precision and strong relationships. Molecular docking investigations explore interactions between 2,4-diphenyl indenol [1,2-b] pyridinol derivatives and breast cancer receptors (2RMJ, 4OAR, 4RDH, 3ERT). Remarkable binding patterns are observed, insinuating at potential DNA gyrase inhibition. The compound's molecular properties and descriptors offer valuable insights into physicochemical characteristics, druglikeness, and potential pharmacological behavior. These findings contribute to drug design and development for personalized breast cancer therapy.This research integrates computational methodologies with experimental data, paving the way for effective and targeted breast cancer treatments. The study emphasizes the potential of computational analysis to enhance precision and efficacy in breast cancer treatment strategies.
It is reported in literature that the key role of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE) is to convert angiotensin-I (Ang-I) to angiotensin-II (Ang-II) and to degrade bradykinin (BK) into the inactive metabolites. ACE and BK play an important role in variation of blood pressure of human body. It is also reported in the literature that apart from “pril” family like captopril, lisinopril, enalapril, etc., tetrazoles and 1,5-benzothiazepines are medicinally potent ACE inhibitors. Therefore, some tetrazole containing 1,5-benzothiazepines (12a-e) have been synthesized by condensation of α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds with o-aminothiphenol followed by the reduction of nitro group into amino group and then reactions with triethyl formate (TEOF) and sodium azide were carried out to furnish corresponding tetrazoles to compare the in silico and in vitro ACE inhibitory activity. All the tetrazole containing 1,5-benzothiazepines (12a-e) were evaluated in silico and in vitro ACE inhibitory activity. The docking scores and effect of the tetrazole containing 1,5-benzothiazepines (12a-e) on inhibition of 50% of the ACE (IC50) were compared with standard drug captopril by using Abz-Gly-Phe(NO2)-Pro as a substrate. It was observed that all the tetrazole containing 1,5-benzothiazepines (12a-e) possess very strong ACE inhibitory activity as compared to the standard drug captopril. tetrazole containing 1,5-benzothiazepines that have methoxy and chloro group at the para position possess strongest ACE inhibitory activity. This work will be highly beneficial for design, synthesis and evaluation of the 1,5-benzothiazepines based novel ACE inhibitors to develop novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of the cardiovascular diseases and hypertension.
The Cu2+ and Zn2+ ions were determined in the steel cord brass coatings with high precise. HNO3 65% was used for digesting the coatings and releasing the ions into environment. The outlier test, normality test, F-test and T-test were used for data analysis. The obtained results showed that the proposed method posseses suitable accuracy.
A series of novel benzophenone based1,2,3-triazole hybrids (8a-l) were synthesized. The biological screening of these compounds was performed on antibacterial, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activity (HT-1080, A-549 cell lines).Compounds 8d, 8h, and 8l are proven to be potent inhibitors against bacterial strains compared to standard drug ampicillin. The cytotoxicity of compounds 8d, 8h, and 8l exhibited promising activity with the best IC50 values comparable to that of standard doxorubicin against HT-1080 and A-549 cell lines. Compounds 8land 8d are highly potent to show the hydrogen donating free radical when compared to the standard Ascorbic acidin the antioxidant study. Molecular docking studies performed between newly synthesized compounds 8a-land target molecules PBP6 of E.coli and ERK2 scored the best binding affinity values and demonstrated binding interactions such as H-bond and hydrophobic.
Systematically review the development of 3D printing, describe the area of 3D printing hydrogel research, and describe the development of 3D printing hydrogel. Different hydrogels have applications in engineering, and other additive manufacturing procedures can be used to create biomedical products. However, due to its lack of structural strength, several additives are added to improve the hydrogel matrix's mechanical properties. This review article thoroughly discusses using different hydrogels, such as organic, synthetic, and composite, as potential bio-ink materials for tissue engineering. We extensively discussed various hydrogel sources, how they are made, and their unique features for tissue engineering. The fundamental and technological difficulties of producing hydrogel bio-ink materials for tissue engineering using additive manufacturing are also discussed. The current development of 3D printing on hydrogels has made incredible progress.
The question of dissociation-sublimation of germanium nitride is considered. In the temperature range of 650-750oC it sublimates. In the range of ~(750–850)oC, partial dissociation of Ge3N4 is observed, which is accompanied by evaporation of the remainder of the solid phase. About 850oC and above Ge3N4 completely dissociates. The activation energies of the sublimation and dissociation processes were calculated from the temperature dependences of the sublimation rate and the dissociation rate constant. Their values were: Eact.(subl.)~255 kJ/mol and Eact.(diss.)~420 kJ/mol. During sublimation of crystalline germanium nitride in the cold zone of the reactor, an amorphous film is obtained. The film is germanium oxynitride (Ge3N4-xO1.5x) with a statistical distribution of nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the structural network of the material. According to our preliminary data, there is a possibility of controlling the sign and charge density at the Ge3N4-xO1.5x/Si interface. In this way it is possible to implement Metal-Dielectric-Semiconductor transistors of “normally open” and “normally closed” types.
The current study uses a sol-gol method to concentrate Zn, particularly 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 mole, with the use of nitrate and chlorides for synthesizing Cu2ZnSnS4. The XRD diffraction pattern suggests the obtained powders with kesterite structures peaked at (112), (220), and (312) phases that correspond to CZTS kesterite structure. Studying the impact of temperature and frequency on the electrical conductivity of the Dc and Ac- electric fields helped us carry out electrical studies. frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 MHz and temperature range from room temperature to 150 0C. Based on this study, the hopping conduction mechanism is the most suitable mechanism for conduction in the samples. Using similar frequency and temperature ranges, we succeeded in evaluating how to use a variety of Zn concentrations to determine the dielectric constant of some doped samples and un-doped CTS. The dependence of ε' on concentration was found in this study.
In this work, we added Cl, Br, and F atoms to the phosphate-silicate (PHS) molecule using the density functional theory (DFT) approach using a 6-31G basis set and the B3LYP level of theory. Numerous characteristics, including HOMO-LUMO, reduced density gradient (RDG), density of states (DOS), non-covalent interaction (NCI) theory, and molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) maps, were determined. The PHS molecule was found to have the biggest softness (0.330 eV-1) and electronegativity (5.117 eV), along with a lower energy gap (3.029 eV). These features point to improved inhibitor efficiency, polarizability, and higher chemical activity. On the other hand, it also implies that compounds with pure PHS are less stable when analyzed through the lens of density functional theory, which results in a greater degree of chemical reactivity.
The interfaces for a cooled sample after simultaneous contact of the adhesively active copper-titanium melt and of inert copper melt with ZrO2-ceramic (Cu-20Ti / ZrO2 / Cu system) were investigated using SEM analysis. The copper-titanium / zirconia interface zone has a multilayer structure with the arrangement of phases: copper-titanium alloy / copper-titanium intermetallics / oxidized titanium / zirconia. In the surface layers of the ceramics there are inclusions of a phase rich in copper and titanium, which is a sign of infiltration. The distribution of zirconium in the ceramic near the interface is uneven. Such developed structures of interface zones were not observed in other works where the interaction of metal melts containing titanium with zirconia was studied. The copper / zirconia interface zone is characterized by a fairly clear boundary, although there are visible signs of dissolution of ceramics in the metal. The described features are explained by the mutual influence of processes at the interfaces: the copper-titanium melt dissolves oxygen from zirconia, resulting in the formation of a non-stoichiometric phase, where the oxygen deficiency can be considered as an “surplus” of zirconium. “Surplus” zirconium dissolves in copper, as a result, the stoichiometry of zirconia is restored, and the copper-titanium melt absorbs more oxygen, therefore a complex structure of the interface zone is formed.
Bis-indole, a biomolecule which has acquired its own place in heterocyclic chemistry because of remarkable biological properties.These derivatives can be synthesized by the reaction of indole having carbonyl compound like aldehydes and ketones in the presence of an acid. Bis-indolyl compounds are formed when two moles indole reacts with an aldehyde or ketone resulting into a carbon-carbon single bond. This bond formation takes place between the C-3 of indole and carbonyl carbon of aldehyde or ketone.Current research deals with the path of obtaining bis-indole derivatives by reacting simple indole and aldehyde/ketone under solvent free microwave induced reactions. The obtained molecules were confirmed by their physical tests and organic spectroscopic analyses.
Biosorption potentials of cellulose from pentaclethra Macrophylla pod for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous solution was investigated. The cellulose adsorbent was successfully isolated and characterized X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and BET. The effects of adsorbent dosage (0.1 – 0.5g), initial pH of solution (2 - 10), initial Pb(II) concentration (50-250mg/l), temperature (30ºC - 50ºC) and contact time (50 - 150 minutes) were studied. The percent Pb(II) uptake was found to increase with increase with increase in adsorbent dosage and contact time and decreased with increase initial Pb(II) concentration and temperature. Optimum adsorption of Pb(II) was observed at pH 8. The biosorption equilibrium data were well represented by both Langmuir and the Freundlich models. Kinetic data obtained fitted the pseudo-second-order model very well with high correlation coefficient. The calculated thermodynamic parameters (∆G, ∆H and ∆S) indicated that adsorption of Pb(II) onto cellulose Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod was exothermic, spontaneous and feasible in the temperature range studied. Results of this work showed that cellulose Pentaclethra macrophylla Benth Pod could be used as low cost adsorbents for the removal of Pb(II) from aqueous wastewater
Cancer remains a major public health concern. While conventional therapies are available, there is a growing interest in exploring natural alternatives with potentially fewer side effects. Medicinal plants rich in antioxidants and specific phytochemicals have emerged as promising candidates in this pursuit. This article reviews the antioxidant and phytochemical profiles of medicinal plants used for cancer treatment. It classifies plants based on the predominant antioxidant and phytochemical groups they possess. Examples of plants containing well-studied antioxidants like flavonoids, phenolics, and terpenoids will be provided, highlighting their potential mechanisms in combating cancer. Additionally, the article categorizes plants based on their prominent phytochemical classes, such as alkaloids, glycosides, and saponins, and discusses their reported anti-cancer properties.
This report describes the mechanisms of Fenton’s reagent-initiated graft-copolymerization of plantain peel biomass (PPB) and that of the polymer-dyes interactions. Methacrylic acid (MAA) was grafted onto the PPB backbone. Optimization of the process was accomplished by varying the [Fe2+]/[H2O2] ratio in the Fenton’s reagent, grafting temperature, grafting time, PPB mass and monomer mass. The resulting copolymer was characterized by FTIR, SEM, XRD, TGA/DTA and BET isotherm. Adsorption of methylene blue and malachite green was performed by varying the pH of the solution of each dye, as well as investigating the kinetics, isothermal behaviors and thermodynamics of the process. Optimum %yield was established at 1:100 (w/w) [Fe2+]/[H2O2] combination, 40℃, 30 min grafting time, 1 g PPB mass and 2 g monomer mass. At optimum condition, about 70% yield was obtained. Characterization results confirmed the effective grafting of poly(MAA) on the PPB backbone. Both dyes had good adsorption at pH 6. The kinetic and equilibrium data followed the pseudo-second-order (R^2 > 0.99), and Freundlich isotherm (R^2 ≥ 0.93) models, respectively. The process was spontaneous, exothermic, and predicted to have occurred by physico-chemical adsorption. A study of the mechanism of the process predicted the involvement of electrostatic attraction, dipole-dipole H-bonding, Yoshida H-bonding, n→π, and π→π interactions.
Tosylation involves the conversion of a stable alcohol group into a delicate leaving group, specifically a sulfonic ester or tosylate. Tosylate serves as a central element in numerous functional group conversions, exerting a significant influence on the realms of natural products and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, the Tosyl group holds notable importance in oligonucleotide and amino acid chemistry. The conventional synthesis of mono-tosylates from glycols and diols is fraught with challenges, being inherently difficult, time-consuming, and yielding minimal output. Compounding these issues is the considerable expense associated with the purification process. In this study, we present an innovative, environmentally friendly, and controlled synthetic approach for generating mono-tosylates with enhanced yields. The resulting product is meticulously characterized using TLC and LC-MS methods. An exceptional aspect of this project lies in its execution by undergraduate researchers, where the adoption of a green synthesis approach not only accelerates the process by eliminating the need for flash columns but also enhances efficiency and simplifies operational procedures. Consequently, this methodology holds promise for consideration in undergraduate organic laboratories and projects.
Significant research interest has been shown in DABCO-based IL catalysts and solvents for improving environmentally friendly catalyst applications in systems. These are seen as promising solvents and catalysts because they have unique physical and chemical properties, such as being cheap, stable at room temperature, not volatile, not toxic, renewable, not flammable, biodegradable, recyclable, and not volatile. However, traditional solvents and catalysts, because of their physical and chemical properties such as volatility, flammability, toxicity, and non-thermal stability, are a hindrance to their applications globally. To overcome these challenges, ionic liquid and DABCO-based IL have been crucial, efficient, and clean ways to improve reaction rates, which reduce the risk of conventional solvents to human health, living organisms, and the environment, as well as to prevent air and water pollution in industry and laboratories. We've talked about the progress made on the DABCO-based ionic liquid catalytic strategy in a systematic and critical way. This includes metal-free ionic liquids, acidic and basic ionic liquids, Lewis acid IL, nanoparticle-supported ionic liquids, polymer ionic liquids, and chiral IL. We did this to learn more about how well DABCO-based IL works to speed up reactions. This review includes an overview of ionic liquids, their types, properties, synthetic methods, characterization, and applications of DABCO-based IL in organic synthesis. We anticipate that this review will offer a more profound understanding of how DABCO-based ionic liquid catalysts and solvents contribute to the development of sustainable, eco-friendly alternatives to high-performance catalysts in the future. We have also outlined the present limitations and potential prospects for DABCO-based ionic liquids. for the development of greener organic synthesis. This review will focus for the first time on the most recent advancements and possible uses of DABCO-based IL as solvents and catalysts in organic synthesis, as documented between 2005 and 2023.
Over time, microbial resistance to antimicrobial drugs has gradually raised and is therefore a considerable threat to public health. To tackle the menace of multi-resistant microbial activities which pose challenges to scientist, Iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe2O3 NPs) due to their importance in medicinal chemistry been known to exhibit antimicrobial activities against some microbes was synthesized using Funaria hygrometrica to investigate its antimicrobial activities against some selected microbes and then compared with two standard drugs ciprofloxacin and Terbinafine. Funaria hygrometrica, a commonly found moss species, was employed as a natural source of reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents for the synthesis of 〖"Fe" 〗_"2" "O" _"3" nanoparticles by co-precipitation method. The synthesized 〖"Fe" 〗_"2" "O" _"3" nanoparticles were characterized using techniques such as UV-spectrophotometer with a peak appearing at 335.00 ± 0.877 nm to indicate the band gap for synthesized iron from the Funaria hygrometrica, X-ray diffraction (XRD), with spectrum characteristics diffraction peaks at two-theta angles of 24.1o, 33.1o, 35.61o, 39.3o, 40.8o, 43.5o, 49.4o, 54.0o, 57.6o, 62.4o, 63.96o, and 71.91o, which conformed with haematite (Fe2O3), Scanning Electron micrograph/Energy Dispersive Xray (SEM/EDX) Spectroscopy which revealed its morphology of heterogenous dark surface with the elemental composition of 76.86% Fe and 23.14% O. Also, nanoparticles' diameter and structure were determined from Transmission Electron Micrograph (TEM) of 〖"Fe" 〗_"2" "O" _"3" nanoparticle to be 63.142 ± 16.633 nm, hexagonal crystal system, and roughly spherical. The synthesized Fe2O3 nanoparticles were screened against some selected microbes to determine its Zone of Inhibition (ZOI), Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) at 100 mg/L doses to inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli bacteria and Aspergillus flavus, Trichophyton mentagrophyte fungi and the Minimum Bactericidal and Fungicidal concentration (MBC/MFC) which completely inactivating Salmonella typhi at a dose of 100 mg/L.
In this study, formaldehyde (HCHO) and bis(2-Hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde)-o-phenylenediamine (BHNPhen) are heated to 120–130 °C for one to two hours in order to develop an effective antibacterial resin. Polymethylene bis(2-hydroxy-1-napthaldehyde)-o-phenylenediamine (PMBHNPhen), the resultant Schiff base, showed remarkable antibacterial qualities. Compounds consisting of a primary amine and a carbonyl molecule, which produce a chemical structure with an azomethine group (-HC=N-p), are referred to as "Schiff bases" by Hugo Schiff. The combination of Schiff bases and metal ions can lead to improvements in coordination and chemistry. The synthesized material was characterized by means of CHNS, FTIR, UV-visible spectroscopy, and SEM. analyses. The C.H.N. analytical results showed that the estimated values agreed well with the results, and the FTIR spectrum showed absorption bands at 1615cm-1 and 1620cm-1. A UV-visible spectroscopy investigation revealed polymerization-related changes in the absorption spectra. Significant antibacterial action was demonstrated by the synthesized Schiff base and resin against both Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Escherichia coli. This work highlights the potential uses of Schiff base resin in biomedical interventions and advances the development of antibacterial materials.
