This study aimed to examine the impact of electronic management dimensions (communication networks, software, and human staff) on institutional performance dimensions (internal processes, financial performance, customers, and learning & growth) at Bazari Company. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach. The population consisted of all 64 employees at Bazari Company, using a comprehensive survey method. A questionnaire was used to collect data, and SPSS was utilized for data analysis. Key Findings: The level of electronic management implementation at Bazari Company was high, and institutional performance was also high. Electronic management significantly impacts institutional performance, with varying degrees across dimensions: communication networks ranked first, followed by human staff, while software ranked last. A strong positive correlation exists between electronic management (all dimensions combined) and institutional performance. A moderate positive correlation was found between the software dimension and institutional performance. Recommendations: Continue developing the electronic management system and adopt the latest digital technologies to enhance business flexibility and institutional performance efficiency. Expand training programs across all specializations to improve technical skills and achieve company goals more effectively. Improve response time to customer complaints and develop post-sale interaction mechanisms to ensure sustained customer satisfaction and loyalty.
This study examined the influence of religiosity (Sufism) on the formation of rhetorical imagery in Al-Zubairi's *Wathaniyyat* ("Pagan Poems") and explored its role in shaping individual and overall poetic imagery in his panegyric discourse addressed to the ruler. The study employed the descriptive-analytical method to analyze the rhetorical imagery in these poems, which Al-Zubairi composed in an attempt to reform the ruler and change his political approach. When the poems failed to achieve their intended purpose, he labeled them *Wathaniyyat* and excluded them from his published collections. The findings reveal that religiosity constituted the primary source of Al-Zubairi's poetic inspiration and was clearly reflected in his rhetorical imagery and his perception of the ruler. His religious upbringing, scholarly environment, and family background in the judiciary shaped a personality that rejected oppression and tyranny, ultimately leading him to leave the judicial profession in order to express his reformist views freely. The study also demonstrates that Al-Zubairi employed poetry as a peaceful instrument for advocating political reform and social justice. When he lost hope in influencing the ruler, he symbolically designated these panegyric poems as *Wathaniyyat*, using the title as a rhetorical device to distance himself from them while preserving their artistic value.
This study aimed to examine the impact of situational leadership on crisis management at the Yemeni Ministry of Finance in Aden, as well as to assess the level of practicing situational leadership and crisis management across their respective dimensions. The study adopted a descriptive analytical approach, targeting a population of 114 administrative leaders at the Ministry of Finance. A purposive sample was selected, including senior and middle administrative positions. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using the SPSS statistical program. The findings revealed that the overall level of situational leadership and crisis management was neutral. Leadership skills and rapid response showed relatively higher levels, while weaknesses were observed in delegation of authority, incentive systems, feedback mechanisms, and contingency planning. Although a specialized team for crisis prediction exists, limited guidance and insufficient financial allocations constrained effective crisis management before, during, and after crises. The study confirmed a statistically significant effect of situational leadership on crisis management, particularly through leadership styles and situational planning, across all crisis stages. Demographic variables such as gender, educational level, and years of service showed no significant impact, whereas job position played a decisive role, highlighting the importance of developing senior leadership capacities to enhance institutional resilience during crises.
This study aimed to measure the level of automation implementation across its dimensions (organizational, technical, and human) within civil society organizations (CSOs) in the coastal region of Hadramout Governorate, and to examine its role in enhancing job performance across its various dimensions (volume, quality, speed, and efficiency). The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, utilizing a questionnaire as the primary tool for data collection. The study population comprised all employees in the (18) CSOs officially licensed and fully implementing automation, totalling (483) employees. A simple random sample of (218) individuals was selected, resulting in (174) valid responses for analysis. The findings revealed a high level of automation implementation with a relative weight of (82.1%), while job performance also recorded a high level with a relative weight of (81.5%). Furthermore, the results demonstrated a statistically significant impact of automation on improving job performance, both individually and collectively. The analysis also showed no statistically significant differences in respondents' perceptions attributable to gender or educational qualification, whereas significant differences were found related to age, job title, years of service, and the number of employees in the organization. The study recommends continuing to promote automation applications, develop technological infrastructure, distribute tasks, and incentivize outstanding employees.
This study aims to clarify the foundations of social responsibility in Islam and compare them with the legislative reality in some Arab countries, through analyzing the philosophy of social responsibility in Western thought and highlighting its roots in Islamic Sharia. The study adopted the descriptive-analytical and comparative approaches to identify the similarities and differences between the two systems. The study concluded that social responsibility, in general, is deeply rooted in Islamic thought and is based on integrated faith-based and legislative foundations that encompass the individual, society, the environment, and humanity. However, weak religious and legal commitment in Islamic societies has led to its decline. The study also showed variations among Arab legislations in dealing with social responsibility, as some countries tend to incorporate it within governance rules and non-financial disclosure requirements, while it still retains a voluntary nature in some countries such as Yemen. The study recommended the necessity of developing Arab legislations, enhancing institutional awareness, and reviving the moral and religious dimensions to ensure an effective and sustainable implementation of social responsibility.
This study examined the impact of work stress—measured through workload, role conflict, role ambiguity, compensation, and work environment—on employee performance, represented by task performance and functional role performance, at Aden Islamic Microfinance Bank in Aden, Yemen. Using a descriptive-analytical approach, data were collected through a structured questionnaire from all 50 employees using a census sampling method and analyzed with SPSS. The findings indicated that employees execute assigned tasks efficiently and receive adequate training to understand job requirements and achieve organizational objectives. The bank also applies effective strategies to address administrative challenges, establishes clear job requirements, and strengthens employees’ functional roles to support strategic goals. However, disparities in compensation were found to contribute to interpersonal conflicts among employees. Statistical analysis revealed that workload, role conflict, role ambiguity, compensation, and work environment all have a significant impact on employee performance. Based on these findings, the study recommends adopting a fair compensation system that reflects employees’ efforts, thereby improving motivation, efficiency, and overall organizational performance.
This study aimed to evaluate a training program based on integrating educational psychology and educational technology to develop teachers' knowledge and skills at the Al-Istiqama Islamic Association in Tanzania. Using a mixed-methods approach, it administered a questionnaire to a purposive sample of 26 teachers. The study concluded that the program achieved a significant positive impact. Quantitatively, a paired-samples t-test and Cohen's d-test showed statistically significant differences ($p < 0.05$) favoring the post-test in effective teacher characteristics, digital proficiency, and educational emotional intelligence. The very high effect sizes confirm that improvements were due to the program's design rather than chance. Qualitatively, teachers' responses demonstrated high satisfaction with the trainers' skills, content quality, and implementation. These results validate the program's effectiveness, reinforcing the value of integrating psychology and technology for sustainable teacher professional development.
The study aimed to identify the impact of internal auditing, with its dimensions (compliance with standards, auditor independence, professional competence and training, and audit evidence and policies), on improving the financial performance of non-profit health institutions in Aden Governorate. The study employed the descriptive–analytical method and relied on a questionnaire as the main tool for data collection from a population consisting of non-profit health institutions in Aden. After screening, the final sample consisted of 74 valid questionnaires. The data were analyzed using SPSS through correlation coefficients, simple and multiple regression analysis, and path analysis to test the hypotheses. The results showed a statistically significant positive effect of the dimensions of internal auditing on improving financial performance, where compliance with auditing standards, auditor independence, professional competence, and auditing policies were found to be the most influential factors. The study recommended strengthening the role of internal auditing and involving auditors in early stages of planning, enhancing their capabilities in risk assessment and applying risk-based auditing methods, in addition to improving communication between auditors and senior management, and protecting their independence through policies that reduce conflicts of interest and support direct reporting to the board of directors.
The study examined the relationship between performance appraisal (dimensions: Design, Implementation, Use of Results) and training needs identification (dimensions: Strategic, Organizational, Functional, Personal) in civil society organizations in Marib, Yemen. It used a descriptive analytical method, with a questionnaire distributed to 111 employees. Key findings: performance appraisal practice was high (71%), with varying dimensions (Use of Results highest, Implementation lowest). Training needs identification was also high (72%), with dimensions varying (Functional highest, Organizational lowest). A statistically significant positive correlation (84%) was found between the two processes. Recommendations: top management should focus on strategic-level training needs and analyze organizational goals for training gaps; increase reliance on performance appraisal for identifying gaps at all levels; and shift focus from training program implementation to quality and effectiveness.
This study aimed to analyze the impact of emotional intelligence dimensions (self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills) on job performance in public hospitals in Taiz City. Furthermore, it sought to identify statistically significant differences in emotional intelligence levels attributed to gender, job title, and years of experience. Adopting a descriptive-analytical approach, the study utilized a questionnaire to collect data from a stratified random sample of 272 employees working in three public hospitals: Al-Thawra, Al-Jumhouri, and the Yemeni-Swedish Hospital. Data were analyzed using SPSS, employing descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, t-tests, and one-way ANOVA. The results revealed a high level of both emotional intelligence and job performance among the staff. The study confirmed a strong, statistically significant positive impact of emotional intelligence dimensions on job performance, underscoring its pivotal role in institutional success. Regarding demographic variables, significant differences were found in emotional intelligence attributed to gender, favoring females, and years of experience, favoring those with less experience. No statistically significant differences were observed regarding job title. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating emotional intelligence into healthcare management to foster enhanced employee performance.
The study aimed to examine the effectiveness of socio‑scientific inquiry‑based learning in enhancing science learning motivation among second-year Al-Azhar preparatory school students. A quasi‑experimental one‑group repeated‑measures design was employed with a sample of 35 students, who were taught selected units from the science curriculum using a socio‑scientific inquiry‑based learning model. The study focused on three dimensions of science learning motivation: task engagement, self‑efficacy, and social context. Three repeated measurements of these dimensions were obtained using a motivation performance observation checklist and a self‑assessment form that verified for validity and reliability. Quantitative data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA with partial eta squared as the effect size indicator, alongside a qualitative analysis of students’ responses based on three‑level performance rubrics. The results revealed statistically significant differences at (p ≤ 0.01) among the three measurements on the motivation dimensions, with large effect sizes. The qualitative analysis indicated a gradual shift from low to higher levels across the motivation dimensions, providing converging evidence for the effectiveness of socio‑scientific inquiry‑based learning in fostering science learning motivation among Azhar preparatory students. The study concludes with a set of methodological and practical recommendations for the development of science curricula and teacher education programs in this direction.
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs is widely regarded as a classical framework for explaining human motivation, assuming an upward progression from basic physiological needs to self-actualization. However, its explanatory relevance diminishes in contexts characterized by structural inequality, oppression, and chronic deprivation. This study argues that under such conditions, deprivation not only obstructs human development but actively reverses it, resulting in a gradual erosion of psychological and social functioning. Through a critical reassessment of Maslow’s model, the paper introduces an alternative framework termed the Hierarchy of Deprivation, conceptualized as an inverted pyramid representing a downward human trajectory in oppressive environments. This model comprises five interrelated stages: physiological deficiency, threat to safety and stability, social isolation, despair marked by the denial of dignity and self-worth, and finally existential collapse characterized by psychological disengagement from life. The framework offers a theoretical reorientation of classical needs theory and a practical lens for analyzing the psychosocial consequences of prolonged deprivation.
The study aimed to identify the reality of students' possession of applied skills for future skills in Omani universities from the perspective of academics. The descriptive method was used, through the application of a questionnaire tool, which was applied to a sample of (97) academics from Omani universities. The results of the study concluded that the reality of students' possession of applied skills for future skills was generally high in (4) of the dimensions of applied skills, and moderate in the dimensions of decision-making, problem-solving and critical thinking. The ranking of these dimensions was as follows: the dimension of teamwork and cooperation skills was ranked first, the dimension of communication skills was ranked second, the dimension of creativity and innovation was ranked third, the dimension of responsibility and initiative was ranked fourth, the dimension of decision-making and problem-solving skills was ranked fifth, and the dimension of critical thinking was ranked sixth. As for differences, the results of the research indicated that there were no statistically significant differences in all the study variables. The study recommended focusing on introducing some topics that focus on decision-making, problem-solving and critical thinking skills in the curricula.
This paper examines how betrayal and redemption are conceptualized in Surah Yusuf (Quran 12) and Khaled Hosseini's The Kite Runner. It evaluates how a sacred and a secular text portray moral transgression and restoration. Surah 12:92 depicts betrayal as a vehicle for divine revelation, with salvation achieved through Allah’s mercy and predetermined reconciliation, exemplified by Yusuf’s unconditional forgiveness of his brothers. In contrast, betrayal in The Kite Runner is situated within political and cultural contexts, framing Amir’s guilt and reconciliation as outcomes of human choice, moral responsibility, and personal transformation. Drawing on Quranic exegesis, literary criticism, and psychological theory, this study shows that redemption can emerge through divine or human action. The comparative analysis highlights the enduring relevance of these themes, suggesting that both theological and cultural narratives illuminate human fallibility and the capacity for change through forgiveness. This work contributes to comparative literature by reframing redemption not as a universal moral process but as a phenomenon mediated by either divine assurance or secular contingency.
This study aimed to evaluate the criminal policy applied in addressing domestic violence in Jericho Governorate during 2024, by analyzing several key dimensions, including the legislative framework, law enforcement mechanisms, community awareness efforts, offender rehabilitation programs, and support services provided to victims. The study adopted a quantitative descriptive approach, using a questionnaire based on a five-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using means, standard deviations, percentages, t-test, and one-way ANOVA. The results indicated that the dimensions of the criminal policy received positive evaluations, with high mean scores and agreement rates exceeding 80% in most items, reflecting a relative effectiveness of the implemented policies. The findings also revealed positive correlations among the main variables and no statistically significant differences attributable to demographic variables, suggesting the inclusiveness of the policy’s impact across different societal groups. The study recommended updating existing legislation, strengthening coordination among relevant institutions, expanding community awareness programs, developing offender rehabilitation initiatives, and increasing the level of support provided to victims. It also emphasized the importance of adopting a comprehensive approach that integrates legal, social, and psychological dimensions to effectively reduce domestic violence and enhance social justice.
This study aimed to examine the impact of environmental accounting on social responsibility among companies operating in Aden Governorate. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach, and data were collected through a questionnaire specifically designed for this purpose. After retrieving all questionnaires, 40 valid responses were approved as the final sample. The sample was randomly selected from four companies: Mada Company, Al-Naqeeb Company, Tayibat Aden Company, and the Yemen Company for Flour Mills and Silos. Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program. The findings revealed a significant and positive impact of environmental accounting, in its various dimensions, on achieving social responsibility among companies operating in Aden Governorate. Specifically, the findings reveal that environmental disclosure, compliance with environ maul legislation, and environmental costs had significant and positive imaact on social responsibility. The study recommended the enhancement of environmental accounting practices in companies operating in Aden Governorate, raising their environmental awareness, and developing environmental disclosure mechanisms in line with international standards.
Eliminating extreme poverty and hunger is a top 21st‑century global concern. While Zakat—an Islamic obligation—proved effective in the past, its current fragmented and inefficient implementation renders it unsuitable for sustaining a modern economy. The proposed paper will entail a comparative evaluation of Zakat management in Malaysia and Bangladesh, based on governance, institutional performance, and performance in development. It elucidates that a direction of Zakat is a plan of socio-economic growth. It is grounded on a qualitative comparative case study approach to the study, paying attention to policy documents, institutional reports, and Islamic literature. Regulatory frameworks, operational transparency, and the incorporation of digital and financial innovation are the specific areas of the analysis. The main findings indicate that the centralized, state-managed system in Malaysia, reinforced by strong legal forces and digitalization, has been effective in making Zakat a powerful tool of inclusive development. On the other hand, Bangladesh has quite decentralized and informal practices, with weak regulation and fractured, incomplete adoption of technology, which significantly limit its influence on development. The research contributes to a governance-based comparative institutional framework by offering policy-relevant recommendations to rebrand Zakat as a sustainable poverty-reduction and development instrument.
This research aims to analyze approaches taken by contemporary Arab critics in their studies of cultural criticism. Since cultural criticism began to gain prominence and stability in Western cultural environment at the beginning of new millennium, it has not developed into a clearly defined methodology within literature of humanities. Nor has it been crystallized into a coherent movement with distinct characteristics. Rather, cultural criticism has remained a fluid activity, or a free cultural practice, encompassing a diverse range of ideas, theories, and critical perspectives. Therefore, this research examines diverse methodologies and frameworks employed by contemporary Arab critics in their studies of contemporary Arabic literature. To achieve this main goal, the researcher employs discourse analysis methodology as effective analytical strategy for critique the critical discourses of four selected four contemporary critics who are Abdullah al-Ghadhami, Said Alloush, Hassan Hanafi, and Khalid al-Balushi. Finally, the research refutes the notion of "Arab theory of criticism". Critical theory whose philosophical tenets we rigorously adhered to in the last century now necessitates a radical reformulation of its core concepts, which include text, textuality, intertextuality, poetics, literary genre, narrative genre.
The research aimed to clarify the relationship of grammatical case in determining meaning, by examining the viewpoints of linguists on the issue of grammatical case and its relationship to meaning. This was reinforced by an applied study of selected models from Surat Al-Kahf. The research sought to answer whether grammarians universally acknowledged that the grammatical case marker is the fundamental element in shifting and directing meaning. The research followed a descriptive, investigative, and analytical approach. The study reached a number of results, the most important of which are: The difference in scholars' opinions regarding the relationship of grammatical case to meaning led to some overemphasizing the role of the case marker in signifying meaning, while others downplayed its effect. his difference resulted in making grammatical case a dominant marker, and this view influenced the approach to sentence analysis and arriving at its meaning. Furthermore, the variation in Quranic recitations is one of diversity and multiplicity, which is considered an enrichment of the Quranic text. It provides facilitation and ease for people in the diversity of interpretations and understanding of the text, creating room for a plurality of meanings away from distortion.
The issuance of the British Balfour Declaration in 1917, which committed to establishing a national homeland for the Jewish people in Palestine, marked the beginning of significant historical developments. Following this declaration, the British Mandate over Palestine commenced in 1920, leading to increased encouragement for Jewish immigration. In response, the Palestinian populace actively resisted British plans and Jewish ambitions. The Palestinian cause has since emerged as a central concern for Arabs and Muslims, Continuous reports of injustices faced by Palestinians, coupled with coverage of their revolutionary activities, catalyzed a heightened awareness that culminated in the 1936 revolution, during which fighters from numerous Arab nations joined Palestinian revolutionaries against British authorities and Zionist groups. Britain's forceful repression of this revolution, along with the reporting by Arab newspapers, was instrumental in informing the Arab and Islamic communities about the situation in Palestine. These newspapers effectively exposed British and Zionist conspiracies and advocated for solidarity with Palestine and its Islamic sites. This study aims to investigate the role of Arab newspapers operating outside the Arab world, with a particular focus on Al-Murshid magazine in Indonesia during the years 1937 to 1939.
