Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) have attracted considerable attention due to their intrinsic safety, high theoretical energy density, and low cost. However, the commonly used liquid electrolytes are frequently associated with cathode material dissolution, phase transition and structural collapse, which seriously hinder their practical application. The adoption of hydrogels as electrolytes can effectively isolate active materials from direct contact with free water, thereby suppressing cathode dissolution and byproduct generation. Meanwhile, the good mechanical stability of hydrogels helps alleviate volume changes in the cathode caused by Zn2+ insertion/extraction. Despite notable progress in this field, there remains a lack of systematic guidelines for hydrogel electrolytes (HEs) tailored to enhance cathode performance. Based on the intrinsic properties of hydrogels, this review proposes design principles for cathode-oriented HEs and systematically summarizes corresponding preparation strategies. Finally, this review outlines future prospects for HEs tailored to enhance cathode performance, seeking to provide a theoretical foundation for high-performance AZIBs and spur further in-depth research in this field.
Despite the tremendous potential for high theoretical capacity, silicon anode material still faces formidable challenge that hinder its widespread commercialization in lithium-ion batteries owing to the extreme volume change (over 300%) and intrinsic low electrical conductivity during lithium insertion and extraction. This work focuses on the fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) micro-nano porous Si/Al9FeSi3/Al5FeSi (NP-Si/SixFeAly) composite through a scalable and facile dealloying strategy. Benefiting from multiscale porous architecture and the long-range ordered matrix from the incorporated double intermetallic, NP-Si/SixFeAly composite exhibits outstanding lithium storage performance, delivering a high reversible capacity of 529.4 mAh g-1 after 1000 cycles at 500 mA g-1 and retaining 446.1 mAh g-1 after 500 cycles at 1000 mA g-1, significantly outperforming the NP-Si anode. Remarkably, full-cell configurations coupled with LiFePO4 cathodes exhibit high reversible capacity of 836.3 mAh g-1 and stable cycling durability for 300 cycles under a current density of 500 mA g-1, confirming its promising practical applicability. The synergistic role of long-range ordered intermetallic matrix and multiscale ion transport pathways offers new perspectives for developing advanced silicon-based anodes.
In recent years,artificial intelligence-based computational materials modeling has ad-vanced rapidly,with machine learning potentials(MLPs)emerging as a central research direction.By fitting ab initio reference data into continuous and differentiable functional forms,MLPs retain near-quantum-mechanical accuracy while substantially reducing computational cost.This capability alleviates the limita-tions of ab initio methods in simulations of large-scale systems and long timescales.Consequently,MLPs serve as a critical link between atomistic simulations and macroscopic material property predictions,en-abling new possibilities in computational materials science.This review focuses on the moment tensor po-tential(MTP),which offers an excellent balance between accuracy and computational efficiency.This pa-per provides a systematic overview from three perspectives:theoretical framework,algorithmic optimiza-tion,and practical applications.First,the mathematical foundations and design principles of MTP are ana-lyzed.Next,strategies for improving accuracy and accelerating computation are discussed.Finally,repre-sentative case studies on typical material systems are presented to demonstrate the performance of MTP,and future development directions are outlined.
TiAl alloys are important lightweight materials for aerospace propulsion systems owing to their low density,creep resistance,corrosion resistance,and other properties.Fatigue is the primary fail-ure mode of aeroengine blades.Once a long crack forms in a blade,rapid fracture can occur.The initia-tion and propagation of small fatigue cracks therefore directly determine the service life of blades.Focus-ing on the issue of small fatigue cracks in TiAl alloys,this paper systematically reviews the definition and characteristics of small fatigue cracks and summarizes the mechanisms of crack initiation and propaga-tion in TiAl alloys.In addition,the propagation models of small fatigue cracks,together with their applica-bility and limitations,are discussed.Finally,future perspectives are presented regarding the characteriza-tion of fatigue small-crack initiation and propagation behavior and the development of unified life predic-tion methods for TiAl alloys.
Mo,a trace element in the human body,has attracted increasing attention owing to its ex-cellent mechanical properties,uniform degradation behavior,and favorable biocompatibility.The highlight-ed features make it a promising candidate for various biodegradable medical devices,including cardio-vascular and neurovascular stents,cardiac pacemakers,gastrointestinal anastomotic staples,and wear-able bioelectronic devices.Currently,Mo and its alloys have been developed as industrial materials and are well-established in aerospace,electronics,and chemical engineering.However,research on Mo and its alloys as biomaterials is an emerging field of study and faces several critical scientific challenges.In this review,we highlight Mo's intrinsic material characteristics,summarize traditional manufacturing meth-ods and performance advantages,and outline its degradation mechanisms and biological responses in physiological environments.Furthermore,we propose design strategies for Mo-based biodegradable met-als that consider biodegradability,biocompatibility,and the functional requirements of biodegradable im-plants,focusing on composition,microstructure,plastic deformation,and additive manufacturing.Finally,we discuss the future applications and developmental directions of Mo-based biodegradable metals in the field of biomaterials.
