By virtue of its incomparable chemical, magnetic, electrical, optical and catalytic properties, the alloy of the Ga- Sm system is gaining importance in the high-tech industry. However, the lack of experimental thermodynamic data on this system made it difficult to design efficient extraction processes. In this regard, thermodynamic calculations can serve as a cost effective tool in terms of time and money in order to design a process to explore the thermodynamic properties of this system. Hence its modeling using the CALPHAD method via Thermo-calc. The Orthorhombic, Rhombohedral, Bcc, Hcp and liquid phases found in the solution were optimized with the substitutional solution model by the Redlich-Kister equation. The Ga-Sm binary system contains five stoichiometric compounds: Ga6Sm_BT, Ga6Sm_HT, GaSm, Ga3Sm5and GaSm3 and the Ga2Sm intermetallic compound, which have a wide homogeneity range, were treated as the formula (GA)2,(Ga,SM)1 by a two-sublattice model with Gallium and Samrium or Gallium on the first sublattice, and Gallium and Samarium on the second, respectively. A set of thermodynamic properties and parameters of the Ga-Sm binary system was obtained, and they are in good agreement with the experimental thermodynamic parameters available in the literature.
This paper addresses the problem of natural convection in H-Form cavity with differentially heated side walls having two circular adiabatic obstacles. To achieve accurate solutions of the equations system defining this study, the computational methods are founded on the finite element method (FEM). Numerical illustrations have been carried out and discussed for several Rayleigh numbers from 10 to 106. We show the impact of Rayleigh number as a crucial parameter on both the heat transfer and the fluid flow. We deduce an important finding with H-Form cavity, the Rayleigh number hasn't a strong effect on both the characteristics of the fluid flow and the temperature distribution for the values ranging from 10 to 104, unlike the case of square cavity. However, its effect starts to appear from Ra = 105. The achieved results are discussed and compared with preceding works in the literature to show their effectiveness.
Due to the important function of tire rolling over obstacles, this work aims to analyze all the tire parameters and characteristics based on the tire dynamic. However, those tire dynamic responses and vibration properties are virtually simulated using 20-Sim analysis which has recently been recognized as a significant analyzed tool for tire characteristics inquiry. The objective of this paper is to determine the limited rigid structure of a tire rolling on a road by simulating the Bond Graph proposed model for this tire connected to piezoelectric beams which can produce utile electric energy using the energy loss in the tire by the longitudinal force. The tire model was developed with real geometry and material for dynamic response of the tire rolling over strictness road. The simulation results for the bond graph model of a tire rolling on a road was generated using the random function on MATLAB-Simulink.
Nano fluids are considered to be very important for improving heat transfer and well suited to practical heat transfer processes, this work presents a set of numerical studies of forced convective flow under laminar, transitional and turbulent flow regimes, using nanofluids in different geometries of solar collectors. The addition of nanoparticles of metals, metal oxides, or carbon nanomaterials, to a base fluid improves the thermal performance of energy systems. The study is carried out on numerical studies of forced convection in solar collectors to obtain a detailed summary of the influence of several parameters such as the type of nanoparticles, volume concentration, particle size, shape, thermal and hydrodynamic characteristics of forced convection thermal transfer. Finally, the work provides an overview of the different CFD approaches used in the numerical simulation of nanofluid flows and examines the advantages and disadvantages of each approach.
Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and hydraulic models are decision support tools for intelligent, fast and efficient management of drinking water supply systems, particularly for diagnosing the functioning of water supply networks. In this work the software Arc-GIS was coupled with the hydraulic model EPANET 2.0, and applied to a case study area, Pressure Stage 85 of the Greater Casablanca, located in the West-central part of Morocco, at the edge of the Atlantic Ocean. This pressure stage is in the center of the Greater Casablanca and consists of three pressure sub-stages (85 Non-Modulated stage (85 NM), 85 Modulated stage (85 M) and 85 industrial stage (85 IND)). It has an overall linear form of about 1308 km (about 18% of the total network) with heterogeneity in age and type of pipes. The floor distributes a volume of 170,000 m3 / day, i.e. one third of the total volume distributed to the Greater Casablanca network. It is also characterized by a spatial heterogeneity of habitats (domestic and industrial areas) with a significant variation in topographic scores ranging from 0 to 85 m. The results of this work have shown that a coupling between a GIS and a hydraulic simulation model provides the drinking water system managers with efficient and rapid responses to better understand and analyze network malfunctions. This study permitted the modelling of the network hydraulic behavior during different periods of the day and identified the variation range of velocity in the network, to locate the areas with high pressure (> 5 bar) and the zones sensitive to leak's appearance. The analysis of these results allows us to recommend the installation of five pressure regulating valves at specific locations. The combination of GIS and hydraulic models as a management and performance tool helps the operator in the assessment of the reliability and the state of existing networks, to analyze and study solutions to problems and to plan and test the various scenarios for future management.
