Objective: Substance Abuse Media Literacy (SAML) is a scale for assessing substance abuse media literacy among students. This tool can examine the effect of media exposure on substance abuse in youth. Presently, no validated, comprehensive instrument exists to measure media literacy for substance abuse. The current study aimed at assessing the psychometric features of the SAML scale in students. Methods: In this cross-sectional validation work, 436 students from Hamadan, Iran, were sampled via the stratified random sampling procedure, and their media literacy regarding substance abuse was investigated. Reliability was assessed by the intraclass correlation coefficient and internal consistency. Moreover, exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were conducted to examine the construct validity. Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were used to examine the content validity. Results: Based on the results of factor analysis, the SAML included 13 items that measure 4 components, explaining 63.99% of the usual variance. The means scores for the Content Validity Index and Content Validity Ratio were 0.93 and 0.82, respectively. Further analyses revealed the acceptability of the results for internal consistency reliability values with a Cronbach α of 0.80. Conclusion: Based on factor analysis results, the SAML included 13 items is a valid and reliable tool and is now suitable and acceptable for present and future studies.
Situmorang, Dominikus David Biondi; Setia Wati, Caroline Lisa; Mamahit, Henny Christine; Papu, Yohanes Markus; Ifdil, Ifdil Author Information
Objectives: During the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, there is an unhealthy psychological symptom in most people worldwide, namely cabin fever. Quite a few people in this world do not know the benefits of music therapy in helping to prevent and overcome cabin fever. Methods: Through this opinion “piece,” the author aims to discuss tips to prevent and overcome cabin fever through several studies with music therapy. Conclusion: The author proposes that everyone can use music therapy in preventing and overcoming cabin fever.
Objectives: The relationship between tramadol and sexual function seems to be controversial, men with premature ejaculation may benefit from taking tramadol off-label. Yet, these patients are rather sensitive to develop other sexual dysfunctions. To date, rather a limited number of studies investigated this issue. In addition, psychological concerns related to sexual functions in these patients had not enough attention. In this paper we present a new approach which will investigate these concerns Materials and Methods: Sixty subjects (30 tramadol-dependent men and 30 matched controls). Patients were assessed by the Mini International Neuropsychiatry Interview (MINI) is to assesses the presence of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder, 4th edition disorders, the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF), and the Sexuality Scale. Results: Tramadol patients were found to have significantly decreased different sexual functions in comparison with controls. Sexual depression scores were significantly higher in tramadol patients compared with controls (P = 0.020); while sexual-esteem and sexual preoccupation scores were significantly lower in tramadol patients compared with matched controls (P = 0.000 and 0.046). In the patient group, the dose of tramadol used per day showed significant negative correlation with erectile function (P = 0.04), orgasmic function (P = 0.03), and sexual esteem (P = 0.04); while the duration of tramadol dependence showed significant negative correlation with erectile function (P = 0.04), intercourse satisfaction (P = 0.01), overall satisfaction (P= 0.00), and significant positive correlation with sexual preoccupation. Conclusions: Tramadol patients indeed suffer from different sexual, emotional, occupational dysfunctions, and sexually related psychopathological aspects.
Objective: The objective of this study was to assess whether repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) increases the likelihood of smoking cessation after 6 months of treatment Methods: A randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial is conducted by enrolling 54 tobacco users divided into 2 equal groups; one group receiving active rTMS and the other group receiving a sham rTMS. Both groups were followed up for 24 weeks after treatment for abstinence using the Nicotine Use Inventory, cigarette consumption, cravings by Arabic Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-12. Results: Fifty-four subjects received the full intervention and were analyzed. Carbon monoxide was significantly less in the study group after the last treatment session. At week 24, the percentage of point prevalence abstinent subjects was 25.9% in the active group and 18.5% in the sham group, however, the difference was not statistically significant. Arabic Tobacco Craving Questionnaire-12 measures at different time points showed a statistically significant decrease in emotionality, expectancy, and purposefulness measures. However, this appears to be due to the effect of time, not treatment. Treatment response was higher in the study group, yet the difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusions: In a study that simulates real-life conditions in Egyptian smokers, 6 sessions of high-frequency active rTMS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex did not produce a statistically significant increase in abstinence over sham rTMS at the same site. However, an effect on carbon monoxide measures and treatment response warrants further research.
