We perform behavioral analysis of natural gas and SYNGAS molecules interacting with a carbon nanotube at an initial simulation temperature of 300 K, and under a uniform electric field, as a gas sensor system using molecular dynamics. Each gas molecule was relaxed for 50 ps outside the carbon nanotube, describing each possible arrangement. A constant external electric field was applied longitudinally to this system, along the length of the carbon nanotube, promoting an evanescent effect, capable of trapping each gas molecule by spinning around it. The electric field intensities were from a range of 10–8 a.u. to 10–1 a.u. were performed, and mean orbit radii and thermodynamic properties were estimated. The results indicate that an external uniform electric field and van der Waals interactions in a carbon-derived nanotube are sufficient to create an evanescent field of attractive potential, presenting it as a practical system for detecting through temperature and ray analysis, of the GN molecules and the SYNGAS.
Noble metals gold NPs are produced by pulsed (“Q-switched, 1064 nm Nd: YAG”) ablation of gold foil dipped in doubles distilled water DDW by laser. (PLAL) the process was performed with laser energy in range (400–700) mJ at (90 pulses, wavelength 1064 and room temperature and liquid depth 9 mm. The influence of laser energies have been tested structurally, optically and morphologically and examined by using scanning electron microscope (SEM), UV-visible spectroscopy and atomic force microscope (AFM). The absorption spectra of AuNPs are prepared in water piercing and solitary peaks nearby 518 and 524 nm, demonstrating the assembly of clean and sphericals in shape AuNPs with the middling size in the range of (20–50) nm. SEM and AFM have established all the measurements of size.
Low back pain is one of the most commonly encountered musculoskeletal diseases in modern society, and it is estimated that about 70 to 85% of the population has experienced low back pain. Individuals with low back pain usually modify the pattern of movement during gait to protect themselves, that is, they use different strategies of trunk movement and lower limbs protectively to avoid painful movements. However, in the long term, these repeated and prolonged changes and tensions during gait can cause mechanical dysfunctions, overloading the lumbar vertebral column and consequently causing damage. The objective of this study was to analyze gait kinematics in patients classified in the low back pain subgroups and to identify the possible biomechanical changes of the movement in these individuals. It is a cross-sectional observational study composed of a convenience sample of 17 patients, 24.6 ± 3.0 years old, from the Federal University of Santa Catarina located in the city of Araranguá-SC. Individuals classified in the manipulation subgroup obtained better results in the length of the gait, hip angle in the initial phase of gait and gait speed. The directional preference group obtained a smaller step length and passed. The traction group had the longest running time compared to the other subclassification groups of low back pain. Through the present study, it is possible to affirm that patients with nonspecific chronic low back pain present changes in gait. The individuals classified in the directional preference subgroup were the ones that had the lowest performance in the analyzed variables when compared to the subgroups of traction, manipulation and stabilization.
Turbine generator shaft torsional oscillations is an interdisciplinary power system dynamic problem as it involves mechanical and electrical engineering. Torsional oscillations occur in the mechanical for electrical reasons. Torsional oscillations cause fatigue life expenditure of the mechanical shaft system. There have been great motivations to mitigate the shaft torsional oscillations especially when unrestricted high speed reclosure (HSR) is utilized on the overhead transmission lines emanating from a generation station. Mitigation of torsional oscillation compromises between the use of HSR and preserving the mechanical integrity of the involved turbine generator set. Therefore, braking resistor (BR) controlled by fuzzy logic controller is presented in this paper as a low cost, reliable mean for torsional oscillations mitigation. BR was first utilized for the system transient stability enhancement. It serves as an extra load capable of dissipating extra generated power in case of system severe faults close to a generation station consequently prevents generator pole slipping conditions. IEEE 3 machine 9 bus system is adopted in this paper to test the effects of BR on shaft torsional oscillations mitigation in interconnected power system. Comparative simulation studies between the unsuccessful reclosure with and without fuzzy controlled BR prove the effectiveness of the scheme for mitigation of torsional oscillations significantly.
Thin films of Se90Cd10–xSbx (2 ≤ x ≤ 8) of thickness 0.4 microns were prepared on ultra-clean glass substrate by thermal evaporation technique. The vacuum level was 10–6 torr. This paper intends to investigate the impact of Sb concentration on the optical characterization. XRD measurement has been done to investigate the Structural characterization of the prepared thin films. XRD result indicates the prepared thin have amorphous nature. To analyze the optical characterization of the thin films the absorption spectra were recorded over 400–1100 nm wavelength range. In the present study the optical absorption follows direct allowed transition. An increase in photon energy causes an increase in absorption coefficient while extinction coefficient has been found to increase with an increase in frequency of the photons i.e., deceases with increase of wavelength. Optical bandgap (Eg) of thin films have been studied and an increase in it has been recorded with increasing Sb concentration.
