The aim of the study was to determine how the temperature and gaseous environment of annealing affect the morphological and luminescent properties of nanostructured zinc oxide (Zn) -based materials. The study was carried out in Ukraine at the National Technical University of Ukraine "Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute". The methodology included chemical deposition from aqueous solutions followed by thermal annealing at 300, 500, and 700 °C in air, nitrogen, and argon. The morphology was analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the crystal structure by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the luminescence spectra by photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The results showed an increase in particle size with increasing temperature, regardless of the atmosphere, with a minimum (~45 nm) at 300 °C in argon and a maximum (~112 nm) at 700 °C in air. With increasing temperature, the coverage density decreased, especially under inert conditions, due to nanoparticle aggregation. Correlation analysis showed a strong negative relationship between particle size and emission intensity (r=-0.89) and a positive correlation between coverage density and PL brightness (r=0.76). Thus, it was established that high-temperature annealing in an oxygen atmosphere most effectively improves the luminescent characteristics of ZnO for optoelectronic and sensor applications. The results are of practical significance for the development of high-efficiency optoelectronic and sensing devices.
Sustainable development in modern industry is crucial for balancing environmental, economic, and social factors. This is a key challenge for Ukraine, which must adapt international sustainable practices and integrate Industry 4.0 and 5.0 principles into its production processes. A study analyzes sustainable development in the Ukrainian industry, identifying barriers and opportunities through a mix of quantitative data from the EU, the U.S., and Ukraine, and a qualitative review of academic publications. The findings show significant progress between 2020 and 2024. The food, metallurgy, and machine-building sectors experienced a considerable decrease in energy intensity (18.9-22.6%) and CO2 emissions (15.7-23%). Waste recycling also increased by 13-18%. Economically and socially, these sectors experienced a 17-20% rise in labor productivity and new job creation, demonstrating the positive "multiplier effect" of sustainable practices. Digital technologies like digital twins and augmented reality were found to be key drivers of this transformation. The study concludes by emphasizing the importance of adaptive leadership and employee training. The findings offer practical guidance for enterprise strategies and government programs, though further research is needed to fully understand long-term impacts.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of applying robotics for automating livestock feeding and farm management in Ukraine. The methodology was based on a comprehensive approach combining time recording, energy auditing, and economic analysis methods at four agricultural enterprises in the Kyiv, Cherkasy, Vinnytsia, and Poltava regions. Computer modelling (MATLAB Simulink), biosensor monitoring of animals, and advanced statistical methods (GPower, Shapiro-Wilk criterion) were used. The study found that the introduction of robotic feeding systems increased the accuracy of feed component dosing by 20.7%, feed mixing uniformity by 24.8%, reduced energy costs by 53.9%, and increased animal productivity by 12.3-13.7%. The economic feasibility is confirmed by an average payback period of 4.3 years with an internal rate of return of 27.5%, a return on investment of 34.7%, and a profitability index of 1.85. It has been determined that the most cost-effective solution is to introduce robotic systems on farms with a livestock population of 100 to 150 heads, where the use of suspended rail systems provides the best ratio of investment costs to economic benefit. The results of the study are of direct practical importance for the modernisation of livestock farms in Ukraine and can be used as a basis for the development of state programmes to support technological modernisation in the agricultural sector.
This study investigates the influence of controlled preload magnitude and duration on the mechanical properties of 15 tex viscose yarn. A central composite experimental design was used to examine how preload parameters (preload magnitude and duration) affect the breaking force, tenacity, and breaking elongation of the yarn. The results show that preload magnitude is the dominant factor governing yarn behavior, whereas preload duration has only a minor effect. Moderate intermediate preloading (preload magnitude, Fn = 84.8 cN/thread, for a preload duration of Tn = 2.0 hours) increased the yarn's breaking force and tenacity by approximately 30-34% compared with the unloaded state. This improvement is attributed to increased fiber alignment and structural consolidation within the yarn. However, the enhanced mechanical properties were accompanied by a reduction of approximately 24% in breaking elongation, indicating decreased extensibility. These findings demonstrate that preload application can be used as a practical process parameter to tailor yarn performance for textile applications, particularly where higher mechanical properties are required, such as in knitting. The outcomes provide useful guidance for optimizing yarn preparation and improving the mechanical reliability of viscose-based textile products.
The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of innovative technologies in creating three categories of low-calorie foods based on plant raw materials: meat substitutes, dairy analogues, and bakery products. The study conducted a comparative assessment of the nutrient composition, energy value, glycaemic response, organoleptic characteristics, technological stability, and cost of products manufactured using traditional and innovative approaches. The experiment involved the combined use of wet extrusion, ultrasonic treatment, controlled fermentation, pulsed electric field (PEF) processing, enzymatic hydrolysis, and functional ingredients such as amaranth, inulin, psyllium, soy, and pea isolates. It was found that innovative meat substitutes had a reduced energy value (145 kcal/100 g), high protein concentration (22 g/100 g), and increased texture elasticity by 31%. All samples remained microbiologically safe for 9-12 days. Sensory evaluation showed high consumer acceptance: the average score on the expert scale was between 4.3 and 4.6. Statistical analysis of the results confirmed the reliability of the differences between traditional and experimental products (p<0.05). The cost of producing innovative products increased by 8-13% depending on the category, but due to improved functional characteristics and shelf life, the products have high potential for industrial implementation in the functional, preventive, and dietary nutrition segment.
