In the work we calculate the parameters multilayer longitudinal piezoactuator for aerospace. The PZT multilayer piezoactuator used in aerospace and nanotechnology for correction form satellite antenna shape, focusing compound telescopes, displacement in scanning microscopy and laser interferometer. For calculation of the parameters multilayer piezoactuator is applied method mathematical physics. The parameters of the PZT multilayer piezoactuator are determined.
Among the civil applications the critical point is the aeronautical use of satellite-based navigation. No other civilian application has as many standards and safety criteria involved as aviation. The area of civil aviation is one of the main beneficiaries with the use of GPS. The use of GPS for air navigation enables a greater concentration of aircraft in an assured space, since the position of the aircraft is known with certain precision. This information makes it possible to optimize routes, save fuel, and manage air traffic more efficiently. The ionosphere is the main factor that influences the accuracy of the positioning of users who have receivers of only one frequency like civilian aviation case. It is known that the ionosphere affects the GNSS signal in a dispersive and very dynamic way, varying according to solar activity, geographic location, hours of the day or even according to seasonality. In the Brazilian region, the ionosphere has a differently behavior due to the performance of physical phenomena that influence the ionosphere. Among the effects caused on the GNSS signals by the ionosphere, ionospheric scintillation stands out. It is one topic of great interest for investigation because it affects numerous activities that involve positioning, such as precision agriculture, air navigation, among others. Thus, due to its importance and particularity, ionospheric scintillation has been widely studied due to its effects for air navigation and augmentation systems. In this work it is presented an assessment of the statistics of scintillation over different sites in Brazil. Analyzes of variations in the occurrence of ionospheric scintillation are presented. For such analyzes, techniques were used based on the percentage of occurrence of ionospheric scintillation, both in phase and in amplitude, given a certain threshold, as well as statistical techniques. From the data from the GNSS NavAer network, between March/2011 and December/2018 it was obtained that for the amplitude ionospheric scintillation the biggest peaks occurred in the year 2013 and 2014, between 22h and 4h UTC and in the months of October to March, being November the month with the highest occurrence. As for the phase scintillation, the biggest annual peaks were also in 2013 and 2014 in the months of October to March. This research shows which areas are most susceptible to the effects of scintillation and consequently where GNSS-based aviation will be most susceptible to these effects of space weather. Considering the future of aviation in the context of modernized and multi-frequency signals, this work also evaluates different GPS frequencies. The results showed that scintillation performs strongly on GNSS signals and the L5 frequency is more affected by amplitude and phase scintillation than in L1 and L2, although the latter is also seriously affected.
The increasing sophistication of cyber threats from AI-driven adversarial attacks to quantum-enabled exploits has revealed critical limitations in conventional network anomaly detection (NAD) and intrusion detection systems (IDS). This review addresses a gap in existing literature through its synthesis of advancements from 2015 to 2024. It systematically evaluates the interplay between technological innovation, evolving attack vectors, and also regulatory constraints. Our analysis, unlike prior surveys, covers methodological evolution, ethical-compliance challenges, operational scalability, and emerging threat landscapes. By cataloging over 120 peer-reviewed studies, alongside industry reports, we identify further model shifts to federated learning in decentralized threat analysis, also graph neural networks (GNNs) to track advanced persistent threats (APTs), with homomorphic encryption in real-time inspection regarding encrypted traffic. Enduring barriers involve biases in ML training datasets, interoperability gaps inside hybrid systems, as well as the absence of standardized benchmarks for AI-driven IDS. The review critiques the disconnect that is between academic research and industrial deployment, supporting lightweight and explainable models for resource-constrained networks. We propose one taxonomy of next-generation NAD/IDS architectures stressing zero-trust principles, adversarial resilience, and human-in-the-loop validation. The work underscores the urgency of international collaboration to establish open threat intelligence repositories. It also highlights regulatory sandboxes, ensuring cybersecurity innovation aligns with global imperatives.
In the work the structural scheme of nano piezoengine with lumped parameters is determined for aerospace. The PZT nano engines have small dimensions, high accuracy, simple design. Calculation of structural scheme nano piezoengine with lumped parameters was made at voltage and current control for aerospace. Method mathematical physics is used for calculation of structural scheme nano piezoengine. Schemes nano piezoengines with lumped parameters at voltage and current control for aerospace are determined.
