Introduction: Today, the effects of climate change in the short and long term are one of the most challenging issues in the world. The negative effects of climate change are more severe in countries with drier climates and lower incomes. Accordingly, this article aims to investigate the consequences of climate change and its relationship with rent in case of rainfed wheat crop. Materials and Methods: To investigate the presence of a nonlinear relationship between climate change and rainfed wheat rent, using agricultural information during 2002-2017 and Ricardian approach and Panel data technique was used. Findings: Based on the model of fixed effects, cumulative rainfall of harvest, the square of the temperature of the harvest season, autumn temperature, rainfall of autumn, the product of temperature and cumulative precipitation in June, have had a positive and significant effect on rent and product of temperature and rainfall of harvest season, June temperature and square of the temperature of harvest season had a significant negative effect on rent. Also, with increasing harvest temperature, a nonlinear relationship between temperature and rent is confirmed. With one degree increase in the temperature of the harvest season to the critical point of 36.3 degrees C, rent increases by 0.06% and with increasing temperature after this point, it will decrease. Conclusion: the development of cultivars resistant to reduced rainfall and high temperatures can help prevent rent reduction. Training and leadership in all economic sub-sectors and the development of a comprehensive plan and practical action to adapt and deal with this phenomenon is necessary to reduce its adverse effects.
Introduction: Due to the wide and interaction effects of climate with different production sectors, today climate change is mentioned as one of the most important environmental challenges of the 21st century, which has serious economic consequences. Meanwhile, the agricultural sector is more affected by climate change than other sectors and agricultural production is directly related to these changes. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effect of climate change on the agricultural sector of the Khairabad River Basin. Materials and Methods: In this study, the WEAP simulation model was used to evaluate the effects of climate change. The WEAP model is a water resources planning tool based on the principle of water balance and shows the various sub-basins, water demand nodes, infrastructure, water flows and water transmission channels that are all interconnected. The MABIA method in WEAP software is a suitable tool to simulate the effects of climate change. This method simulates water requirements and crop performance and allows users to consider the effects of climate change and available water on crop growth. Findings: The results noted that under the average climate scenario, the crop yields increased and their water requirement decreased. Meanwhile, the highest increase in yield is related to the barley and the shortest is the watermelon. However, with the changing temperature and precipitation conditions based on the pessimistic climate scenario, the crop yield of most products is lower than the base conditions. Also, under these circumstances, the water requirements of crops have also increased, and the change in wheat and barley water requirements are more than other products and are facing increasing water stress. The results revealed that, under the average scenario, the climatic conditions have more effect on the economic productivity index for barley, tomato, and cucumber. The change of the water productivity index for these crops was 25.19%, 24.98%, and 23.80%, respectively. In addition, the results confirmed that by applying the pessimistic climate scenario the water productivity index decrease in comparison with baseline. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that by applying a pessimistic climate scenario, the economic and physical productivity of water input will decrease compared to the baseline scenario for all products.
In the process of global moving towards sustainable development, consideration of environmental damage caused by the energy sector is essential. Much of the world's pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions is in the form of carbon dioxide generated by burning fossil fuels as a result of expansion of industrial development and transportation. In this study, the relationship between transport, economic growth, and the environment in selected MENA countries over the period 1996-2016 using the Simultaneous Equations System is investigated. The results indicate that despite the positive effect of the environment on GDP growth and transportation, environmental pollution also increases in the process of economic growth and transportation. Also, despite the positive effect of the transportation on economic growth, economic growth increases transport.
This paper aimed to examine the effects of ICT developments on the renewable energy consumption in the economic sectors of Iran. The panel data for study were obtained from three sectors of agriculture, industry, and services within the 2000-2016 timeframe; the unit-root test showed that the variables were both stationary and nonstationary. As a result, the mean group was used to estimate the long-run effects, and it revealed that, in the long run, the increase in the number of the Internet and cellphone users decreases the renewable energy consumption. In addition, the GDP and investment growth increases the energy consumption, because the growth of information and communication technology infrastructures develops the e-government and teleworking and reduces the traffic, and, in turn, conserves the energy. However, the increase in the number of landline and cellphone users in the short run increases the energy consumption. The GDP increase will also raise the energy consumption in the short run.
The main purpose of this study is to investigate the agreed approach to transgenic technology in Iran's agricultural sector. To this end, using content analysis, the agreed approach to transgenic technology was examined. To collect the data, 23 researchers were interviewed. The findings show that the four factors of environmental protection, improving human health, inevitability of attention to the agricultural system based on genetic engineering and non-acceptance of the claims of the opposition are the reasons for agreeing to cultivate and consume transgenic crops. To achieve self-sufficiency under current sanctions and to remove concerns about possible contamination of Imported transgenic seeds, In the first phase, further research on different aspects of transgenic crops (health, environment, economy, etc.) and strengthening of the biotechnology research sector in the field of agriculture and medicine is recommended and after reaching the necessary ability in seed production and other transgenic inputs, as well as assessing the safety of these crops, producing non-food transgenic products such as transgenic cotton and transgenic crops as feedstuffs can be on the agenda.
