Abstract Enset ( Ensete ventricosum ), a multipurpose crop domesticated exclusively in Ethiopia, serves as a staple food for millions of smallholder farmers. It is primarily cultivated as a monocrop in homegardens, leaving it vulnerable to climate change risks. One potential nature-based solution involves agroforestry systems; however, enset’s response to canopy cover remains unclear. This study examined how scattered trees in enset farms affected microclimate and enset morpho-physiology in South Ethiopia. Trees significantly modified the microclimate conditions in enset homegardens. The average daily reductions in air, soil surface, and soil temperatures ranged from -0.5 to -1.9 °C, -0.4 to -2.1 °C, and +0.4 to -1.0 °C, respectively. The minimum soil moisture offset ranged from +0.8% to +5.7%. Although the tree identity effect on enset growth was negligible, planting position relative to the overstory trees significantly influenced enset responses. Most morphophysiological traits were higher under tree canopies, with progressively lower values at the edge and outside the tree canopy. In contrast, leaf dry matter content exhibited an inverse trend, aligning with the leaf economics spectrum. These results demonstrate enset’s adaptability to canopy shade, suggesting potential for agroforestry expansion. Cultivar-specific shade tolerance and ideal shade levels to maintain enset productivity should be investigated further.
Organic pig farming, although still marginal in the European Union countries, might be a source of inspiration for the agroecological transition of pig farming systems. This study aimed to identify the obstacles and levers of the scale up of organic pig farming and value chain in France. Interviews with 21 stakeholders of the pork sector allowed the identification of 164 obstacles and 231 levers. Multivariate analyses have revealed four groups of driving forces according to their level of organization (from the animal to the region) and the position within the food value chain.
